Uluslararası Biyosistem Mühendisliği Dergisi

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Application of parallel background algorithm on radar images to detect sudden weather changes
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-06-08) Çelik, Ahmet
Today, depending on the development of technology, large and diverse data are formed. It will be very useful to process these data quickly and to make decision-making process by an automated system. Decision-making process by machine learning and many calculations processes can be performed quickly and easily with the help of programs written on computer systems. If the programs written are parallel, fast results will be obtained in a shorter time. Paralleling can be performed using a common memory structure or using a distributed memory structure. In this study, an application that can be used in a fast early warning system indicating weather forecast or rapidly changing weather conditions has been implemented. For this, a frame difference background extraction algorithm was applied on the infrared satellite images of a specified region at different time intervals. This algorithm was used to compare the cloudiness levels of the images obtained at time t and the images obtained at time t-30 min. Subsequently, the results obtained are shown in color. In addition, in this study, the Background subtraction algorithm was applied by paralleling it on images of different resolutions in order to detect the speed gain. According to the results, it was determined that the high resolution images were processed 38.47 times faster with the parallel program than the serial program.
A closer look at the statistical data: The tractor count increases as the agricultural production value decreases for Turkey
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-06-30) Solak, Mehmet
FAO claims that the World population will increase by 2.3 billion people by the year 2050 that practically means more food and more energy demand. Agriculture is an energy-intensive industry. Nearly 30% of the world’s total energy production is utilized by agriculture and related sectors. Energy consumption per-capita is accepted as an indicator of development and prosperity. Mechanization levels in agriculture are believed to be the key factor for total productivity. Tractors are the key mechanization units that operate in agricultural activities. Statistics show that in past years tractor numbers of Turkey have shown a great increase every year, however, some other statistics show a decrease in total agricultural production value. A simple co-efficient is proposed in this study calculated by dividing total production value to tractor count. Study shows that although tractor numbers are rising, agricultural production value is decreasing and the co-efficient for 2010 was 0.075, and it gradually decreased to 0,052 in the year 2016. Simplistic forecasting of tractor numbers showed that there might be nearly 1.6M tractors by the year 2030. Statistical data from TUIK and FAO shows tractor count increases but total agricultural production value decreases.
Design of constructed wetland systems for cold climates
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-12-31) Güneş, Kemal
This study was conducted in order to treat domestic wastewater in Karaurgan village which is located in Sarikamis, a district of the city Kars and on which the most severe weather conditions of Turkey prevail. Karaurgan village which consists of two neighborhoods and one center is located 38 km from the district Sarikamis. During the time when work is carried out (2007), the population of the village is approximately 750 and the number of households is around 750. It has been recorded that the domestic wastewater that originates from the village is discharged directly into the stream even without being retained in a septic tank. This stream that is also known as Karaurgan stream is one of tributaries of Aras river. The treatment system project that has been designed specifically for this village in order to ensure hygiene and prevent other environmental problems caused by domestic wastewater comprises 2 parts. Imhoff tank system that is known as the pre-treatment constitutes the first part while SFS-h or HF (submerged horizontal flow) which is known to be less problematic under cold climate conditions constitutes the other. It is planned that if the required treatment conditions are met within the scope of treatment system, the wastewater treated will be used as water source for irrigating forage plants. It is planned that minimum BOD₅ removal rate be 92% according to the treatment system project designed.
Development of an android-based application to be used in the calculation of biogas and electrical energy potentials of different livestock manure
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-06-14) Altınbilek, Hakkı Fırat; Kızıl, Ünal
Today, in parallel with the increasing world population, the amount of waste and energy deficit is growing steadily. In order to ensure the sustainability of the resources available in this process, the environmental damage of waste should be minimized and innovative approaches should be undertaken. Especially recently, biogas production from organic wastes has been considered as an alternative for the effective use of resources. Since organic wastes are used in the biogas production process, not only the wastes are removed from the production facilities but also the energy acquisition makes waste management systems necessary. Data operating environments are important sources for demonstrating different capacities and alternatives in waste management. In this context, an application has been developed on the MIT App Inventor 2 platform that can calculate biogas and electrical energy potentials according to the characteristics of 7 different farm animals’ manure including dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf, sheep, goat, laying hen and broiler. As an example, biogas potential was calculated using the dairy and beef cattle data in Biga district of Çanakkale.
The improvement of tamper evident closure mechanism
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-12-30) Kutluğ, Gürer; Ak, Gökhan; Dede, Kübra; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-1459-3869
The enhancement of the original content within the package with another similar range of low quality without evidence is the most common problem of the world. The danger in such counterfeit attempts is seriously understood by not just developing countries but also by developed countries as well. Counterfeit contents may lead to the death of people by damaging them and especially engine oil, fuel, cooking oil, fruits, tomato paste, milk etc. Tamper evidence (TE) in industrial containers becomes more critical with the improvement of forgery techniques by unauthorized persons. However, although security measures have been taken against unauthorized persons, an unauthorized person who makes extra-special efforts to remove the original closure mechanism can access the contents of the package before the first user without visible evidence. The user spending a lot of money to buy high-quality product wants to know whether he/she uses the original content or not. Therefore, a closure mechanism that prevents unauthorized persons from removing the actual closure mechanism without any damage to the closure mechanism, or, for such industrial containers, the container piercing mechanism can be used. In this study, a closure mechanism has been developed that prevents unauthorized persons from removing the original closure mechanism without damaging the closure mechanism. Analyzes regarding the first opening guarantee of the relevant closure mechanism have been created. Thus, it is proved that closure mechanism could not be reused in case of any opening due to the permanent deformation it is achieved in the designed closure mechanism.
Sustainable design of stormwater runoff treatment systems for small airports
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-06-16) Güneş, Kemal
Airports designated with special status; where, rather than passenger and cargo transportation; pilot, parachute, model plane and glider trainings are conducted mostly, have important functions in Turkey. They are much smaller than other commercial airports in terms of the space they occupy and the aircrafts that use the same. Nevertheless, wastewater is produced due to runways and other impervious surfaces, though much less than large airports. Therefore, in terms of waste management, it is important to eliminate wastewater that originates from these areas and to include them in waste management plans besides other pollutants. This is even more important especially in small airports that are located on drinking water basins. In this study, exemplary effective and low cost treatment systems, which are easy to construct and manage and intended to treat pollutants which may be carried by stormwater runoff from asphalt and other impervious surfaces of small airports are discussed. According to a research conducted under meteorological conditions of Istanbul, BOD₅ and heavy metal removals are taken as basis in these exemplary treatment systems. It has been calculated and recorded that required constructed wetland system area is 397m² based on the estimated removal efficiency of 95% and the lowest average water temperature for Istanbul. On the other hand, preliminary treatment system that consists of filtration and settling pond has a volume of 20 m³ and has the capacity to discharge into a further treatment system following the preliminary treatment depending on the conditions.
What’s difference between faunistic and biodiversity studies?
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-12-30) Aydın, Gökhan
While faunistic studies give information about the distribution of animals in a region, the diversity (number and variety of species) studies give information about diversity of plant and animal life within a region of which they are part. In other words; faunistic studies prove the existence of animals in that habitat or region with systematically or by random sampling. The number of individuals of the sampled species is not that important. Faunistic studies are essential scientific studies, especially for the detection of new species and their introduction to the inventory. There is no doubt as to the great desirability of faunistic studies on the geographical distribution of animals. Biological diversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources (including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems) and the ecological complexes. This includes diversity within species (alpha), between species (beta), and of ecosystems (gamma). The importance of this description is that it draws attention to the many dimensions of biodiversity (Genetic, species, habitat, and ecosystem). Studies of biological diversity and its measurement necessarily require systematic and homogenous sampling methods. Especially when comparing two or more habitats in terms of species richness, diversity, evenness, similarity, etc. Such biodiversity indices are often used to measure the diversity in habitats destroyed by human. Four pasture ecosystems, two of which are natural and two of which are grazed by sheep and goats, were chosen as the study area in Atabey district of Isparta province. Pitfall trap and sweep net sampling methods were used in selected habitats. While the pitfall trap sampling method was applied homogeneously in the habitats, the sweep net sampling method was not applied homogeneously. The data obtained from these two sampling methods, homogeneous and non-homogeneous, were used in the calculation of biodiversity parameters.We desire to call attention in this manuscript to the differences between faunistic and biodiversity studies (specially its measurement) with reference to the previous studies.
Winter moisture values and possible first irrigation time under different cropping patterns in the Konya plain
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-11-26) Tarı, Ali Fuat; Bahçeci, Barış
In this study, the effects of different rotation systems on the storage of winter precipitation in the soil profile in the Konya plain were investigated. Konya plain is a semi-arid region, and a large part of the agricultural lands are left fallow in the parts where irrigation is not possible so that the winter precipitation remains in the next year. In the experiments, moisture observations were made in the fields cultivated with alfalfa, wheat, sugar beet, wheat, and bean plots processed in rotation. As a result of observations and measurements made over four years, in all trials, soil moisture reached its highest level, at the beginning of March, at a soil depth of 120 cm. The effect of sowing patterns on moisture accumulation is insignificant. While the moisture decreases between March and April were found to be statistically significant, it is understood that the moisture loss is mainly in April. As a matter of fact, due to the moisture loss, a significant difference was not found between the soil moisture contents in April and May. Analyzing long-year climate data showed that the dam gates must be opened in April, and water must be given to the plain to prevent product losses due to drought.

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