TrDizin

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Browsing by Subject "18th century"

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    Bribery in islam-ottoman penal codes and examples from the bursa shari'a court records of 18th century
    (Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi, 2009) Düzbakar, Ömer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Eğitim Fakültesi/İlköğretim Bölümü.; 36454637000
    So as to ensure durable peace in the community, the authorities are expected not to show any discrimination against citizens, but rather equal treatment and utmost compliance with the current laws. In a community where widespread corruption prevails, not only the confidence towards the administration is undermined, but also the authority given to the state employees is abused. The harsh punishment, imposed by the state to those involved in corruption strengthens, the confidence for the administration, and enables the authority along with to provide the maintenance of the public order to a great extent. Furthermore this preserves the necessary discipline in the officials and helps the administration to function on a regular basis and for the benefit of the community. One of the main characteristics of the Ottomans, who succeeded to retain power for nearly six centuries, is their ability to ensure justice in the community. However, in the course of time, corruption in the community became so common, especially among judges, that officials in charge of preventing corruption cases were themselves involved in such. The 18(th) century, was a period of economic, social and political chaos and unrest for the Ottoman community. The golden era of grand conquests had been left behind, and wars which erupted one after another both in the west and east part of the empire undermined the Ottoman power in unstable way. Just as the land system whose structure dating from the classical period was disrupted inevitably contributed to the increase of the migration to the urban areas so did it led to drastic fall in agricultural production. All these negative circumstance which subsequently followed each other created a lack of confidence that was gradually getting profound between the state and the public. Consequently, it brought about a noticeable rise in corruption cases throughout the Empire. The dominance of such undesirable situation and its reflection on the city of Bursa is the basis of this study.
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    Müsadereni̇n sosyal ve ekonomi̇k bi̇r anali̇zi̇: 18. Yüzyıl sonlarında Bursa'da yapılan müsadereler
    (Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2012-12) Günay, Nilüfer Alkan; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi/Tarih Bölümü.; AAG-7738-2021; 55639871000
    18. yüzyıl Osmanlı sosyal ve ekonomik tarihini ele alan çalışmalarda bu dönemde devletin önceki yüzyıllara nazaran daha yoğun bir şekilde müsadere yetkisine başvurduğu belirtilmektedir. Özellikle de 1770 sonrasında bir artıştan bahsedilmektedir. Ancak bu dönemdeki müsadere uygulamalarındaki değişiklikleri ve sonuçlarını analiz eden bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu makalede 1770-1800 döneminde Bursa’da yapılan müsadereler ele alınmıştır. Müsaderenin devlet tarafından nasıl gerekçelendirildiği, nasıl bir takibatın olduğu, kaç kişinin servetine el konulduğu ve bu işlemin sonraki kuşaklar üzerindeki etkileri cevaplanmak istenen sorulardır. Araştırmada kaynak olarak konuyla ilgili literatür haricinde Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi’nden tespit edilen belgelerden ve Bursa Kadı Sicilleri’nden yararlanılmıştır.