Browsing by Author "İpek, Aydın"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 49

Alternatif kanatlı yetiştirme sistemlerinde yetiştirme pratikleri ve refah standartları
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015-05-26) İpek, Aydın; Sözcü, Arda; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.
Dünya nüfusunun hızlı bir şekilde artmasının sonucunda, tarımsal faaliyetlerde birim üretim alanından maksimum verimliliğin sağlanması en önemli hedeflerden biri olmuştur. Ancak özellikle son yıllarda tüketicilerin çevrenin korunması, sürdürebilir tarım ve sağlıklı beslenme konusunda gösterdikleri hassasiyet sonucunda gerek bitkisel gerekse hayvansal üretim faaliyetlerinde yeni yaklaşımlar gündeme gelmiştir. Benzer gelişmeler kanatlı sektöründe de gerçekleşmiş olup, üretimde hayvan hakları ve refahının ihlal edilmesi, insan sağlığı açısından risk oluşturabilecek ilaç ve kimyasal maddelerin kullanılması ve çevreye etkileri gibi kaygılar tüketiciler arasında giderek yaygınlaşmıştır. Bunun sonucunda, Avrupa Birliği başta olmak üzere dünyanın birçok ülkesinde, etlik piliç yetiştiriciliği ile yumurta tavukçuluğu için yeni üretim sistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu noktada, hayvanların fizyolojik gereksinimleri ve doğal davranışlarının dikkate alındığı uygun barındırma, bakım, yönetim, besleme, sağlık koruma ve tedavi uygulamaları belirlenmiştir. Bu makalede, etlik piliç yetiştiriciliği ve yumurta tavukçuluğunda geleneksel yetiştirme sistemlerine alternatif olarak gündeme gelen organik ve serbest dolaşımlı (free range) yetiştirme sistemlerinde yetiştirme pratikleri ve refah standartları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Bıldırcın yumurtalarında depolama ve fumigasyon süresi ile ultraviole ışık uygulamasının kuluçka sonuçlarına etkisi
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-02-21) Kara, Hüseyin; İpek, Aydın; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Zootekni Anabilim Dalı.
Araştırma Japon bıldırcını yumurtalarının kuluçka sonuçları üzerine farklı depolama ve fumigasyon süresinin etkisini belirlemek ve ayrıca farklı sürelerde depolanmış yumurtaları Ultraviole ışığının dezenfekte etkisinden de yararlanarak kirlilik düzeyine göre sınıflandırmanın kuluçka sonuçlarını nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme 1: Yumurtalar damızlıkların 15-16 haftalık yaşlarında toplanmıştır. Günlük olarak toplanan yumurtalar kuluçkahane içinde bulunan yumurta deposunda 4, 7 ve 10 gün süre ile 15?18 °C' de depolanmış ve bu yumurtalar depolama süresi sonunda kontrol (0), 15, 30 ve 45 dakika süre ile fumigasyon işlemine tabi tutulmuştur (Ortam sıcaklığı 25°C olan bir odada). Deneme 2: Yumurtalar damızlıkların 17-18 haftalık yaşlarında toplanmıştır. Yumurtalar kuluçkahane içinde bulunan yumurta deposunda 4, 7 ve 10 gün süre ile 15- 18 °C' de depolanmıştır. Yumurtalar kuluçka makinesine konulmadan Ultraviole ışığının dezenfekte etkisinden de yararlanarak kirlilik düzeyine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Her iki denemede de çıkış gücü ve kuluçka randımanı üzerine depolama süresinin etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). En yüksek çıkış gücü ve kuluçka randımanı 4 gün boyunca depolanan yumurtalardan elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada fumigasyon süresinin çıkış gücü ve kuluçka randımanı üzerine etkisi de önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). En yüksek çıkış gücü 15 dakika fumigasyon uygulanan grupta saptanmıştır. Kontrol grubu ile 45 dakika fumigasyon uygulanan gruplar arasında istatistiki açıdan bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Araştırmada yumurtaların ultraviole ışığı yardımıyla sınıflandırılmasının çıkış gücü ve kuluçka randımanı üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur(P<0.05). En yüksek çıkış gücü ultraviole ışığı yardımıyla temiz olarak sınıflandırılan yumurtalarda gözlenmiştir. En düşük çıkış gücü ise ultraviole uygulaması yapılmayan (Kontrol) grupta saptanmıştır.
Broiler chick quality and scoring methods
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2013-11-28) İpek, Aydın; Sözcü, Arda; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.
The day old chick quality has a great importance for hatcheries and also broiler producers. It is an indicator of hatchery success and assurance of broiler productivity. Chick quality is affected by a number of factors from the time of fertilization to placement time at broiler houses. Generally, these factors are classified as pre-incubation and incibation factors. These factors affects embryo development and chick quality, and in this way post-hatch broiler performance. Day old chick quality is assessed by considering some parameters as colour, vitality, navel quality, yolk uptake, leg confirmation, well formed beak, chick hatching weight, yolk free body weight and chick length. While some of these parameters are qualitative, others are quantitative characteristics of chicks. Because of assessing of qualitative parameters, some scoring systems have been developed to convert these factors into a quantitative score. Fort his reason, visual scoring, Tona or Pasgar score, day old chick weight, yolk free body weight and chick length are used largely for measurement chick quality. In this review, definition of the day old chick quality, effecting factors and also scoring methods are explained.
Changes in ph of digestive tract and cecal microflora composition in broilers fed with probiotic and prebiotic supplementation (SynerAll).
(Oxford Univ, 2016-10-01) İpek, Aydın; Sözcü, Arda; İPEK, AYDIN; SÖZCÜ, ARDA; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü; FCM-0798-2022; HXQ-7280-2023
Changes in ph of digestive tract and cecal microflora composition in broilers fed with probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, synerAll.
(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2016-10-01) İpek, Aydın; Sözcü, Arda; İPEK, AYDIN; SÖZCÜ, ARDA; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü; FCM-0798-2022; HXQ-7280-2023
Comparison of hatching egg characteristics, embryo development, yolk absorption, hatch window, and hatchability of Pekin Duck eggs of different weights
(Elsevier, 2017-06-13) İpek, Aydın; Sözcü, Arda; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; AAH-3973-2021; AAH-2551-2021; 56208332300; 56032385300
This study was carried out to determine the hatching egg characteristics, embryo development and yolk absorption during incubation, hatch window, and hatchability of Pekin duck eggs of different weights. A total of 960 hatching eggs was obtained from a breeder flock 35 to 36 wk of age. The eggs were classed into 3 weight categories: "light" (L; <75 g), "medium" (M; 76 to 82 g), and "heavy" (H; > 83 g). The albumen weight was the highest in the heavy eggs, whereas the yolk weight was higher in the medium and heavy eggs. Egg breaking strength was the highest with a value of 2.5 kg/cm(2) in light eggs, whereas the thinnest eggshell (0.3862 mm) was observed in heavy eggs. pH of albumen and yolk was similar and ranged from 8.8 to 8.9 and 5.9 to 6.0, respectively. On d 14 of incubation, yolk sac weight was found higher in the medium and heavy eggs. Additionally, the dry matter of the embryo and yolk sac differed among the egg weight groups during the incubation period. Interestingly, on d 25 of incubation, the embryo weight was higher in the light and heavy eggs (35.2 and 36.3 g, respectively) than in the medium eggs (29.8 g). These findings showed that embryo growth was affected by yolk absorption and dry matter accumulation. The hatchability of total and fertile eggs was lower for the heavy eggs than the light and medium eggs. The chick weight was 42.8, 48.4, and 54.9 g in light, medium, and heavy eggs, respectively. A percentage of 34.2, 36, and 31.6% of chicks from light, medium, and heavy eggs, hatched between 637 and 648 h, 39.6, 36.2, and 32.9% between 649 and 660 h, 26.2, 27.8, and 35.5% between 661 and 672 h of incubation, respectively. In conclusion, hatching egg quality, embryo development and yolk absorption during incubation, hatch window, and hatchability were affected by egg weight in Pekin ducks.
Comparison of laying performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of commercial and tiirk laying hen genotypes kept in a free-range system [1]
(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2023-09-01) Sözcü, Arda; İpek, Aydın; Gündüz, Merve; SÖZCÜ, ARDA; İPEK, AYDIN; GÜNDÜZ, MERVE; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü; JJX-8311-2023; FCM-0798-2022; KBW-8932-2024
This study was designed to compare of laying performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of commercial and Tiirk laying hen genotypes kept in free-range system. A total of 720 laying hens (Atabey, Lohmann White, Atak-S, Lohmann Brown; n=180 hens/genotype) were used in the experiment. Production performance was determined as the mean of egg production, egg weight, and FCR value between 54 and 66 weeks of age. Egg quality parameters and bone characteristics of tibia and femur were measured at 66 weeks of age. The mean value of egg production was found to be higher in Lohmann Brown and Lohmann White genotypes compared to Atak-S and Atabey genotypes between 54 and 66 weeks of age (P<0.01). The brown eggs obtained from (Lohmann Brown, Atak-S) genotypes tended to be heavier than the white hen genotypes (Lohmann White, Atabey). The lowest mean value of FCR was observed in Lohmann White hens ranged from during the experimental period. The Lohmann Brown and Atak-S eggs obtained from (3.350 g/cm2 and 3.300 g/cm2) had a stronger shell strength compared to the Lohmann White and Atabey (2.847 g/cm2 and 2.910 g/cm2, P<0.01). The breaking strength of tibia was found to be higher in brown hens (366.0 N and 381.2 N) than white hens (267.0 N and 322.2 N) (P<0.01). These findings related to different genotypes could be instructive for arranging new management rules and nutritional advice for stronger eggshell and bone strength of hens in free range system.
Comparison of performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid profile in two Turkish genotypes (Atak-s and Atabey) in a free-range system
(Mdpi, 2021-05-15) Sözcü, Arda; İpek, Aydın; Oğuz, Züleyha; Gunnarsson, Stefan; Riber, Anja B.; SÖZCÜ, ARDA; İPEK, AYDIN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0955-4371; DUR-2892-2022 ; FCM-0798-2022
Simple SummaryIn recent years, consumers have shown increased interest in healthy and safe food produced under improved animal welfare standards. Therefore, production systems proving outdoor access have gained popularity, increasing the need for knowledge on genotypes suitable for free-range systems. This study aimed to investigate the suitability of two Turkish layer genotypes, Atak-S (brown) and Atabey (white), in a free-range system. We evaluated laying performance, egg quality parameters, and yolk fatty acid profile. The egg production was higher in Atabey than Atak-S, whereas the eggs from Atak-S hens tended to be heavier and had a stronger shell structure than eggs from Atabey hens. Furthermore, eggs from Atabey hens had improved egg yolk and albumen content compared to eggs from Atak-S hens. The total saturated fatty acid content in yolk was higher in Atabey eggs than in Atak-S eggs at 56 weeks of age, whereas a higher yolk color score was observed in Atak-S eggs than in Atabey eggs. Our results could help free-range egg producers to improve production, as well as satisfy consumer demands regarding egg quality in organic production.Consumer interest in buying eggs from animal welfare-friendly systems with outdoor access is increasing, leading to an increase in the need for knowledge on genotypes suitable for free-range systems. Two Turkish laying hen genotypes, Atak-S (brown, n = 210) and Atabey (white, n = 210), were reared in a free-range system from 19-72 weeks of age, and their suitability for the system was assessed based on laying performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid profile. Mean hen-day and hen-housed egg production were found to be higher in Atabey than Atak-S (p < 0.01). The brown eggs from Atak-S hens tended to be heavier than the white eggs from Atabey hens (p < 0.01). Brown eggs obtained from Atak-S hens had a stronger shell structure (p < 0.01), while white eggs from Atabey hens had higher mean yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit than brown eggs (p < 0.05). At 56 weeks of age, total saturated fatty acid content in yolk was higher in white eggs than in brown eggs (p < 0.01). These findings related to genotype could help free-range egg producers in their choices for more profitable production and for meeting consumer demands on egg quality and egg yolk fatty acid levels.
Cüce (Ross) ve normal (Hubbard) etlik piliç anaçların bazı verim ve özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması
(TÜBİTAK, 1999) Yağız, Yalçın; İpek, Aydın; Şahan, Ümran; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooteknik Bölümü.; AAH-2551-2021; AAH-2966-2021; 56208332300; 6602128089
This research was conducted to compare some production traits Dwarf (Ross) and Normal (Hubbard) broiler parents. Material for this research consisted of dwarf and normal broiler parents hatched in the same period. For the dwarf and normal parent groups, mean live weights at the 20. weeks of ages were 1740.5 gr and 2000.3 gr (P<0.01). Sexual maturity ages (age at %5 egg production) for the groups were 168 and 176 day. Hen-day egg production values of normal parent was higher than dwarf parent (P<0.01). In addition, mean eggs weight values were higher in normal parent than the values for dwarfs during whole egg production period (P<0.05; P<0.01). The differences in mortality during the rearing period and laying period were not significant for between two groups. It was determined that, feed consumption of dwarf parent was less than that normal parent. On the other hand, hatching of total eggs of dwarf parent were significantly higher than normal parent for all investigated periods except 30. week of age. It was determined that, dwarf parent were advantageous with respect to stocking densities, feed consumption and hatching of total eggs.
Devekuşlarında (Struthio camelus) yumurta ağırlığının kuluçka özellikleri üzerine etkisi
(TÜBİTAK, 2002) İpek, Aydın; Şahan, Ümran; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooteknik Bölümü.; AAH-2551-2021; AAH-2966-2021; 56208332300; 6602128089
This research was carried out with the aim of determining the effects of egg weight on the hatching characteristics of ostrich eggs The effect of egg weight (small 1200 1400 g medium 1401 1600 g large >1600 g) on the hatchability of fertile eggs and hatchability of total eggs was found to be significant (P<001) Hatchability of fertile eggs was determined to be 67 74 74 42 and 64 28% and hatchability of total eggs was determined to be 43 75 50 00 and 41 86% for the small medium and large egg weight groups respectively The effects of egg weight on early medium and late embryonic death were also found to be significant (P< 0 01) The early embryonic death rates were determined to be 9 68 9 30 and 10 91 % medium embryonic death rates were determined to be 6 46 4 65 and 7 35% and late embryonic death rates were determined to be 16 12 11 63 17 46% for the small medium and large weight groups respectively The effects of egg weight on egg weight loss were found to be significant (P<0 05) Eggs with medium weight exhibited a weight loss of 13 94% which was close to the optimum The effect of egg weight on chick weight was also found to be significant (P<0 01) The chick weight increased as the egg weight increased The effect of egg weight on hatching time was found to be significant (P<0 05) Incubation time was longer for the large egg weight groups compared with the small or medium weight groups.
Effect of different diets on the behaviour of slow-growing broiler genotype
(Taylor & Francis, 2009-03) İpek, Aydın; Karabulut, Ali Nedim; Şahan, Ümran; Canbolat, Önder; Dikmen, Bilgehan Yılmaz; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Keleş Meslek Yüksekokulu/Hayvancılık ve Sağlık Bölümü.; 0000-0002-4397-5428; AAH-2551-2021; G-3725-2017; AAH-2966-2021; 56208332300; 7005308670; 6602128089; 7004338636; 13609715000
A total of 420 male day-old-chicks of a slow-growing genetic line (Hubbard ISA Red JA) were used as the trial material. The treatment groups were: Dilute-AL (energy and protein diluted diet fed ad libitum), Dilute-R (restricted energy and protein diluted diet), High-AL (high energy and protein diet fed ad libitum) and High-R (restricted high energy and protein diet). Restricted birds showed a greater percentage of time spot pecking, preening and in feather maintenance and less time resting than birds fed ad libitum but the differences were relatively small.
The effect of in ovo ascorbic acid and glucose injection in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability and chick weight
(Eugen Ulmer, 2004-06) İpek, Aydın; Şahan, Ümran; Yılmaz, Bestami; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooloji Bölümü.; 0000-0002-4397-5428; G-3725-2017; AAH-2551-2021; AAH-2966-2021; 56208332300; 6602128089; 7006501972
This-study was carried out with the aim of eliminating the stress factors caused by the increase in metabolic heat of the embryo during incubation via AA application, and by providing a supplementary energy source to the embryo prior to hatching through glucose application, and determining its effects on embryonic mortality, hatchability and chick hatch weight. Experiment I was carried out on the 13(th) day of incubation after candling and live embryos were subjected to the following treatments, using the in ovo injection system: 1 - uninjected (control); 2 - eggs injected with 0.5 ml sterile saline solution; 3 - eggs injected with 0.5 ml of saline solution containing 1, 3, 5 or 7 mg of AA per egg. In experiment 2, glucose injection at varying concentrations was applied to the eggs before hatching. For this purpose live embryos candled prior to transfer were subjected to the following treatments on day 18 using in ovo injection (Embrex) system: I - uninjected (control); 2 - eggs injected with 0.5 ml deionized sterile water; 3 - eggs injected with 0.5 ml of deionized sterile water containing 5, 10 or 15 mg of glucose. The effect of AA injection on the hatchability of fertile eggs was found to be significant (P < 0.01). The highest hatchability was obtained from the group treated with AA at. 3 mg concentration. No effect of glucose injection was determined on the hatchabilty and chick weight.
Effect of oxygen supplementation in a hatchery at high altitude and growth performance of broilers reared at low altitude
(South African Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014-10-15) Kederli, E.; Yılmaz Dikmen, Bilgehan; Şahan, Ümran; İpek, Aydın; Aydın, Cenk; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-4397-5428; AAH-2966-2021; G-3725-2017; AAH-2551-2021; 13609715000; 6602128089; 56208332300; 7005426982
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oxygen supplementation on broiler eggs in a hatchery at high altitude on the growth performance and ascites syndrome of broilers reared at low altitude. The treatment groups were low altitude with no oxygen supplemented in the hatchery (LA-NOX); high altitude with oxygen supplementation in the hatchery (HA-OX); and high altitude with no oxygen supplemented in the hatchery (HA-NOX) group. Growth performance, heart weight, the concentrations of the hormones, T-3, T-4, T3/T4, and and plasma concentrations of haematocrit, haemoglobin, glucose and parameters of ascites syndrome during the growing period were investigated. A total of 243 one-day-old broilers were used for this study. During the growing period, excluding days 7, 28 and 35, oxygen supplementation at high altitude did not affect the live weight of broilers compared with the HA-OX and HA-NOX groups. The cumulative feed consumption was determined to be lower in the LA-NOX group and the same in the HA-OX and HA-NOX groups on the 42nd day. Between 21 and 42 days old, the LA-NOX group had a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the HA-OX and HA-NOX groups. Chick weight (CW), yolk sac weight (YSW) and chick heart weight (CHW) were higher in the LA-NOX group than in the HA-OX and HA-NOX groups. At 42 days old, there were no differences between the groups in heart weight, right ventricle weight (RV), left ventricle and septum (LV+Sept.), total ventricle (TV) weight and the RV : TV ratio. The plasma T-3 level was lower in the LA-NOX group than in the HA-OX and HA-NOX groups and T-4 levels were higher in the HA-OX than in the others at 42 days old. The hypoxic conditions that occurred during the embryonic stage - which altered endogenous functions of prenatal chicks and affected several blood parameters, and oxygen supplementation at high altitude - improved chick quality. However, it did not improve subsequent FCR and feed consumption performance of chickens when they were reared at low altitude.
The effect of vitamin E and vitamin C on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) reared under heat stress during growth and egg production period
(Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Society, 2006-11-27) İpek, Aydın; Canbolat, Önder; Karabulut, Ali Nedim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; AAH-2551-2021; 56208332300; 7004338636; 7005308670
This study was carried out to determine the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under heat stress during the growth and egg production period. A total of 8 10 seven-day-old Japanese quails were used in the trial. The birds received a diet with either three levels of vitamin E (DL-alpha Tocopheryl acetate) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet) and vitamin C (ROVIMIX STAY-C 35) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet). Live weight on day 35 and weight gain were the lowest in the group of chicks on a combination of 60 mg of vitamin E and 60 mg of vitamin C, whereas the highest live weight was demonstrated in chicks on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C (p < 0.01). The effects of treatments on cumulative feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found to be significant (p < 0.01). The highest feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found in the group on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C. The effect of treatments on the mortality ratio was found to be insignificant (p > 0.01). The cost of supplementing diets with vitamin E and vitamin C is very low. Therefore such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing heat stress related losses in performance of Japanese quails.
The effects of access to pasture on growth performance, behavioural patterns, some blood parameters and carcass yield of a slow-growing broiler genotype
(Taylor & Francis, 2016-07-09) İpek, Aydın; Sözcü, Arda; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; AAH-3973-2021; AAH-2551-2021; AAA-5866-2020; 56208332300; 56032385300
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of access to a pasture on growth performance, behavioural patterns, some blood parameters and carcass yield of a slow-growing broiler genotype. A total of 210 one-day-old male chicks of Hubbard ISA Red JA were used in the experiment. At the 84th day, live weight was determined to be lower in the outdoor rearing system (P < .01). Better feed conversion ratio was found in the indoor rearing system (P < .01). The behaviour of the broilers was compared by observing the behaviour of three randomly selected marked birds on video tape. Eating, drinking, preening, spot pecking, feather pecking, walking-standing and resting-lying were monitored. Broilers from the outdoor rearing system group showed more preening, drinking, spot pecking, walk-stand and feather pecking behaviours as a result of increasing activity. Ratio of breast and thigh (carcass weight%) was higher, whereas abdominal fat was lower in the outdoor group. As a result of this study, access to a pasture improved the behaviours of broilers.
Effects of cold stress on broiler performance and ascites susceptibility
(Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2006) İpek, Aydın; Sahan, Ümran; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; AAH-2551-2021; AAH-2966-2021; 56208332300; 6602128089
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of cold stress on broiler performance and ascites susceptibility. Male chicks were obtained from a commercial strain of broiler breeders. The trial was divided into two treatments (control and cold stress groups). Ascites was induced in broiler chickens in the trial by exposing the chickens to low temperature (Ta) and by supplying a pelleted diet. The two experimental treatments consisted of. 1) Control group, 33.3 degrees C the 1(st) wk, 30.2 degrees C the 2(nd) wk, and 27.5 degrees C the 3(rd) wk. 2) Cold stress group, 29.0 degrees C the 1(st) wk, 26.4 degrees C the 2(nd) wk, and 23.1 degrees C the 3(rd) wk. From the end of the 3(rd) wk all broilers were reared to 6 wk of age at a constant temperature of 21 degrees C. There was significant difference in live BW during wk 1 to 5. The control group was consistently the heaviest; however, at 6 wk of age, both groups weighed the same. Body weight gain up to 3 wk was significantly decreased by cold stress. During wk 3 and 6 the chicks in the cold stress group had greater BW gain compared with the chicks in the control group. There were significant differences in mortality due to ascites between the groups. During wk 3 and 6 the cold stress group exhibited the most ascites mortality (9.52%) when compared with the control group (1.90%). At 5 wk of age cold stress condition caused significant changes in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell counts (RBC). Right ventricle weight was significantly heavier in the cold stress group than the control. There were also significant differences in right ventricle/total ventricle (RV/TV) ratios at 5 wk. the right ventricle/total ventricle ratios in the cold stress group was higher (0.25) than the control group (0.20). It was concluded that, fast growth and cold temperatures are the primary triggers for ascites during commercial broiler production.
The effects of different eggshell temperatures on embryonic development, hatchability, chick quality, and first-week broiler performance
(Elsevier, 2014-02) İpek, Aydın; Şahan, Ümran; Baycan, Süleyman Can; Sözcü, Arda; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0002-4134-5641; AAG-8259-2021; AAH-2551-2021; AAA-5866-2020; AAH-2966-2021; 56208332300; 6602128089; 56031928700; 56032385300
The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of different eggshell temperatures (EST) during 10 to 18 d of incubation on embryonic development, hatchability, chick quality, first-week broiler performance. The EST were maintained within the temperature ranges of 33.3 to 36.7, 37.8 to 38.2, and 38.9 to 40.0 degrees C for the low, control, and high EST treatments, respectively. From d 15 to 18, embryo weight and relative embryo weight were found to be similar in the low and high EST groups. Salable chicks and hatchability of total eggs was found to be higher in the control EST group. Between d 10 and 17 of incubation, embryonic mortality in low, control, and high EST groups was determined to be 1.6, 0.8, and 2.0%, respectively. From d 18 to hatch, embryonic mortality and rate of dead and cull chicks were found to be significantly different. Hatching in high EST group was completed 26 h early, although hatching in low EST group was completed 10 h later than the control EST group. On the of hatching day, chick weight and length were found to be 39.5, 41.0, and 42.5 g, and 18.5, 21.4, and 19.1 cm in low, control, and high EST groups, respectively. The highest residual yolk sac weight and relative residual yolk sac weight were observed in high EST group as 7.7 g and 18.7%. Yolk-free chick weight and relative yolk-free chick weight were highest in the control EST group. At 1 wk of age, the BW in low, control, and high EST groups were determined as 131.1, 140.0, and 140.8 g, respectively. No significant difference was found for feed intake and feed conversion among treatments for wk 1. The mortality during the first week did not differ among groups; however, a higher mortality rate was observed numerically in the high EST group. In conclusion, embryo development, incubation parameters, chick quality, and the first week performance are affected by small changes in the EST.
The effects of different feeding management systems on performance of a slow-growing broiler genotype
(Taylor & Francis, 2009) İpek, Aydın; Karabulut, Ali Ekber; Şahan, Ümran; Canbolat, Önder; Dikmen, Bilgehan Yılmaz; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Keleş Meslek Yüksekokulu/Hayvancılık ve Sağlık Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-4397-5428; G-3725-2017; AAH-2551-2021; AAH-2966-2021; 56208332300; 7005308670; 6602128089; 7004338636; 13609715000
1. A total of 420 male 1-d-old chicks of a slow-growing genetic line (Hubbard ISA Red JA) were used as the trial material. Two diets that were low in fats and high in cereals, and free from growth promoters and animal protein, and formulated at two energy and protein concentrations, were fed ad libitum or 80% of ad libitum. The birds had access to pasture from 14 d to slaughter at 84 d of age. 2. The treatment groups were: Dilute-AL (energy and protein diluted diet fed ad libitum), Dilute-R (restricted energy and protein diluted diet), High-AL (high energy and protein diet fed ad libitum), High-R (restricted high energy and protein diet). 3. Daily weight gains and feed consumptions were recorded in each replicate. 4. The live weight on d 84 was lowest in the Dilute-R group, whereas the highest live weight was in the High-AL group. The highest feed consumption was found in the Dilute-AL and High-AL groups. The worst feed conversion ratio was determined in the Dilute-AL and Dilute-R groups. The effect of treatments on mortality was not significant. 5. The best feed conversion efficiency was obtained in the feed-restricted group receiving the high energy and protein diet. The results suggest that forage may contribute to the nutrition of slow-growing free range broiler chickens if suitable pasture species are grown.
The effects of eggshell temperature fluctuations during incubation on welfare status and gait score of broilers
(Elsevier, 2016-01-21) İpek, Aydın; Sözcü, Arda; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; AAH-2551-2021; AAH-3973-2021; AAA-5866-2020; 56208332300; 56032385300
The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of different eggshell temperatures (EST); low (33.3 to 36.7 degrees C), control (37.8 to 38.2 degrees C), and high (38.9 to 40.0 degrees C) during 10 to 18 days of incubation on welfare status including foot pad dermatitis (FPD), hock dermatitis (HD) and feathering status, and gait score in broilers. Score 2, 4, and 5 of FPD were found to be similar among the treatment groups, whereas a score of 3 was found to be higher in the control and high EST groups (27.7% and 29.2%) compred to the low EST group (16.9%). The eggshell temperature fluctuations were significantly affected the incidence of HD, whereas broiler sex did not. All of the broilers in the high EST group had HD with various scores, while a percentage of 21.1% and 6.9% of broilers had the score 1 of HD in the low and control EST groups, respectively. Feathering status showed a difference between body parts including wing, neck, back, and vent and also a general mean score of broilers from low EST treatment had the highest score for feathering. A higher incidence of gait score was observed in broilers from the control EST treatment than low and high EST groups. This can be attributed to a higher live weight of broilers from the control EST group. On the other hand, the incidence of a gait score of 3 and 4 was found for broilers from control and high EST treatment groups. Male and female broilers from the high EST group had the higher gait score. In conclusion, gait score and welfare status of broilers were affected by fluctuations in EST between 10 and 18 days of incubation.
The effects of lignocellulose supplementation on laying performance, egg quality parameters, aerobic bacterial load of eggshell, serum biochemical parameters, and jejunal histomorphological traits of laying hens
(Elsevier, 2020-01-11) Sözcü, Arda; İpek, Aydın; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; AAH-2551-2021; 56208332300
This study was performed to investigate the effects of lignocellulose supplementation (LS) on performance parameters, egg quality, aerobic bacterial load of eggshell, serum biochemical parameters, and jejunal histomorphological traits of laying hens between 18 and 38 wk of age. A total of 640 pullets at 16 wk of age were allotted to 4 treatment groups as 0 kg (control, CONT), 0.5 kg, 1 kg, and 2 kg LS per ton of feed. Body weight (BW), daily feed intake, egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), and efficiency of feed utilization (EF) were determined as the mean of each 3-wk period between 18 and 38 wk of age. Laying hens in the 1 kg LS group had a higher BW mean (1632.1 g, P < 0.001). The highest mean value of EP and EW were observed in 1 kg LS group (81.8% and 57.3 g, respectively), whereas the lowest values were found in the 2 kg LS group (78.6% and 54.4 g, respectively, P < 0.001). The mean of EF was the lowest in the 1 kg LS group (2.72, P < 0.001). There was a decline in eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness in the 2 kg LS, when compared with the 0.5 and 1 kg LS groups (P < 0.001). The total aerobic bacterial load of the eggshell was the lowest in the 1 kg LS group (4.7 log10 cfu/mL). The level of aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase showed an incre-ment in both the CONT and 2 kg LS groups (P < 0.001). The high level of LS (2 kg per ton of feed) caused a decline in the levels of IgY, IgA and IgM, when compared to the 0.5 and 1 kg LS groups (P < 0.001). Laying hens in 0.5 and 1 kg LS groups had longer villus height (1335.9 mm) in the jejunum than the others (P < 0.001). These find-ings showed that the 1 kg LS per ton of feed improved EP and EW, eggshell quality, immunoglobulin levels and intestinal morphology, and decreased the total aerobic bacterial load.