Browsing by Author "Amarouche, Khalid"
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Item Assessment of storm events along the Algiers coast and their potential impacts(Pergamon-Elsevier Science, 2020-08-15) Amarouche, Khalid; Çakmak, Recep Emre; Houma, Fouzia; İslam, Bachari Nour El; Akpınar, Adem; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/İnşaat Mühendisliği.; 0000-0002-9042-6851; AAC-6763-2019; 23026855400Knowledge of coastal storm regimes is essential to ensure an economic and sustainable development in the coastal area. In recent decades, wave storms have been responsible for several fatalities and economic losses along the Algiers coast. The aim of this paper is to present a detailed analysis on wave storm events during the past 40 years, including an assessment of the potential impacts of various storm events along the Algiers coasts according to their intensity and direction based on the different historical events. Thus, this paper gives an estimation of return periods of extreme significant wave heights and extreme storm events. For this purpose, the wave storm events occurring in the Algiers coasts, based on the storm power index (SPI) developed by Dolan and Davis (1992), were characterized and classified. Five storm categories were defined in terms of their power index, subdivided into 31 categories, taking into consideration their propagation directions. The temporal analysis shows a progressive increase in the number of storm events and their intensity during the last decade, which explains the increased damage recorded recently in the Algiers coastlines. A spatial analysis of these extreme and catastrophic storms being responsible in these damages has shown that the nature of coastal storm damages on the local scale depends on several factors, mainly power of these storms and their direction; in view of the complex morphology of the Algiers coastlines. These two factors were considered during the extreme value analysis, and allowed us to estimate the return period of the storm events already observed based on their SPI and direction. A return period of 59 years has been estimated for the catastrophic storm of 2015, which caused significant erosion resulting a loss of more than 15 000 m2 of coastal lands.Publication Creating an artificial neural network time series model for the prediction of daily solar radiation in oran(Desalination Publ, 2022-04-01) Soukeur, El Hussein Iz El Islam; Chaabane, Djamal; Amarouche, Khalid; Bachari, Nour El Islam; AMAROUCHE, KHALID; Khalid Amarouche; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0001-7983-4611; AFR-7886-2022Water and clean energies are currently a major scientific and political concern. The use of numerical prediction is often recommended in these areas, for optimal exploitation of renewable energy resources, mainly for seawater desalination and other energy and food security activities. In this study, we present an application of artificial neural networks (ANN), developed for daily solar energy forecasting. The ANN model developed is based on the multi-layer perceptron, the most widely used ANN type in renewable energy and time series forecasting. The developed model has two main properties: I. The ANN training is based on long-term reanalysis data, allowing the model to be trained even in areas where no radiation measurements are available, as is the case for marine areas and in the new desalination plants. II. The model allows automatic selection of the optimal ANN model architecture based on the training data. A thirty-nine-year time series of reanalysis data between 1980 and 2018 was used for training and model implementation. Thus, the model accuracy was evaluated based on one-year data (2019). The obtained error analysis results show that the developed model has a good performance in line with previous studies. The developed ANN models are characterized by reasonable daily prediction accuracy, with a root mean square error of 3.248 MJ/(m2 d) for solar radiation prediction. This verifies the accuracy and ability of the model to predict solar radiation to ensure optimal management of solar energy farms.Item Evaluation of a high-resolution wave hindcast model SWAN for the West Mediterranean basin(Elsevier Science, 2019-01-18) Amarouche, Khalid; Bachari, Nour El Islam; Houma, Fouzia; Akpınar, Adem; Çakmak, Recep Emre; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-9042-6851; 0000-0003-0700-8622; AAC-6763-2019; AAG-8624-2021; 23026855400; 57675048100This study aims to present an evaluation and implementation of a high-resolution SWAN wind wave hindcast model forced by the CFSR wind fields in the west Mediterranean basin, taking into account the recent developments in wave modelling as the new source terms package ST6. For this purpose, the SWAN model was calibrated based on one-year wave observations of Azeffoune buoy (Algerian coast) and validated against eleven wave buoys measurements through the West Mediterranean basin. For the calibration process, we focused on the whitecapping dissipation coefficient C-ds and on the exponential wind wave growth and whitecapping dissipation source terms. The statistical error analysis of the calibration results led to conclude that the SWAN model calibration corrected the underestimation of the significant wave height hindcasts in the default mode and improved its accuracy in the West Mediterranean basin. The exponential wind wave growth of Komen et al (1984) and the whitecapping dissipation source terms of Janssen (1991) with C-ds = 1.0 have been thus recommended for the western Mediterranean basin. The comparison of the simulation results obtained using this calibrated parameters against eleven measurement buoys showed a high performance of the calibrated SWAN model with an average scatter index of 30% for the significant wave heights and 19% for the mean wave period. This calibrated SWAN model will constitute a practical wave hindcast model with high spatial resolution ((similar to)3 km) and high accuracy in the Algerian basin, which will allow us to proceed to a finer mesh size using the SWAN nested grid system in this area.Item Increasing trend on stormwave intensity in the western mediterranean(MDPI AG, 2021-01) Amarouche, Khalid; Akpınar, Adem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/İnşaat Mühendisliği.; 0000-0001-7983-4611; 0000-0002-9042-6851; AFR-7886-2022; ABG-2101-2020; AAC-6763-2019; 57205453111; 23026855400Annual trends in storm wave intensity over the past 41 years were evaluated during the present study. Storm wave intensity is evaluated in terms of total storm wave energy (TSWE) and storm power index (SPI) of Dolan and Davis (1992). Using an accurate long-term wave hindcast developed using a calibrated SWAN model, all storm wave events occurring over the past 41 years were characterized in terms of significant wave height (H-s) and total storm duration. Thus, both SPI and TSWE was computed for each storm wave event. The Theil-Sen slope estimator was used to estimate the annual slopes of the SPI and TSWE and the Mann-Kendall test was used to test the trend significance with different confidence levels. The present study is spatially performed for the western Mediterranean Sea basin considering 2308 grid points in a regular grid of 0.198 degrees resolution in both directions. Results allow as to define five hotspots covering a large area, experienced a significant increasing slope in both SPI and TSWE (annual maxima and average). The confidence level in this area exceed 95%, with a steep slope between 100 kWh center dot m(-1)center dot year(-1) and 240 kWh center dot m(-1)center dot year(-1) for annual max TSWE and between 28 m(2)center dot h center dot year(-1) and 49 m(2)center dot h center dot year(-1) for annual max SPI. Consideration of the present findings is strongly recommended for risk assessment and for sustainable development in coastal and offshore area and to identify areas sensitive to global climate change in the western Mediterranean Sea.Item Wave energy resource assessment along the Algerian coast based on 39-year wave hindcast(Pergamon-Elsevier Science, 2020-02-11) Amarouche, Khalid; Houma, Fouzia; Bachari, Nour El Islam; Akpınar, Adem; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/İnşaat Mühendisliği.; 0000-0002-9042-6851; ABE-8817-2020; 23026855400This study investigates a long-term assessment of the wave energy resource propagated along the Algerian basin, based on a 39-year wave hindcast. The wave energy hindcast dataset was developed using the Simulating WAve Nearshore (SWAN) model, calibrated and validated [1] against wave measurements performed on the Algerian coast. A detailed spatial and local analysis was performed following the hindcast results. We have determined several parameters including; hourly, monthly, seasonal and annual variations of wave energy resources, the probability of occurrence distribution for different wave power ranges with different directions, the probability of calm sea states, the wave energy development index (WEDI) and the total annual wave energy and their distribution as a function of significant wave height and energy period. All these results enabled a very important benchmark for decision making regarding the future implementation and design of wave energy converters (WECs) and other offshore structures in the Algerian basin. Our findings have shown that the Algerian coasts are characterized by a considerable wave energy potential with a large hotspot area in the eastern coasts. Thus, we have recorded a significant variability in the wave energy characteristics available in each zone along the Algerian coast. The western zone was characterized by an average energy of ∼7.5 kW/m with a low monthly and seasonal variation (<1.2), the central zone was characterized by a significant total annual wave energy of 63 MWh/m/year and a considerable WEDI of 0.019, and the eastern Algerian coast was characterized by one of the highest energy potential in the Mediterranean basin with a total annual energy exceeding 100 MWh/m for less than 15 km from the coast and a calm sea state probability lower than 18%. Thus, it has been concluded that since 1995, wave energy resources have tended to increase further.Publication Wave power trends over the mediterranean sea based on innovative methods and 60-year ERA5 reanalysis(Mdpi, 2023-05-22) Acar, Emine; Akpınar, Adem; Kankal, Murat; Amarouche, Khalid; Acar, Emine; AKPINAR, ADEM; KANKAL, MURAT; AMAROUCHE, KHALID; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-9042-6851; 0000-0003-0897-4742; 0000-0001-7983-4611; AAZ-6851-2020; AAC-6763-2019; ABG-2101-2020; JTU-9268-2023; AFR-7886-2022The present study aims to evaluate long-term wave power (P-wave) trends over the Mediterranean Sea using innovative and classical trend analysis techniques, considering the annual and seasonal means. For this purpose, the data were selected for the ERA5 reanalysis with 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and 1 h temporal resolution during 60 years between 1962 and 2021. Spatial assessment of the annual and seasonal trends was first performed using the innovative trend analysis (ITA) and Mann-Kendall (MK) test. To obtain more detailed information, innovative polygon trend analysis (IPTA), improved visualization of innovative trend analysis (IV-ITA), and star graph methods were applied to annual, seasonal, and monthly mean Pwave at 12 stations selected. The results allow us to identify an increasing trend above the 10% change rate with the innovative method and above the 95% confidence level with the Mann-Kendall test in mean wave power in the Levantine basin and the Libyan Sea at all timescales. The use of various innovative methods offered similar results in certain respects and complemented each other.