Browsing by Author "Bolat, Alper"

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An investigation of engine and fuel injection system performance in an agricultural tractor operating with b20 biofuel
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022-09-14) Düzgüner, Ender; Ulusoy, Yahya; ULUSOY, YAHYA; Alibaş, İlknur; ALİBAŞ, İLKNUR; Bolat, Alper; Alibaş, Kamil; ALİBAŞ, KAMİL; 0000-0003-0170-8038; 0000-0002-1898-8390; 0000-0003-2658-3905
In this study, two different 55-kW powered agricultural tractors of the same make and model were operated for 1000 h under similar field conditions, one using diesel fuel (DF) and the other a fuel blend of 20% biodiesel-80% diesel (B20). By the end of 1000 h of operation, the performance values of the B20 fuel were determined to be 3% lower than for the DF. Although the values of CO (40%), HC (40%), and PM (46%) were lower than those of DF, the NOx (7%) was determined to be higher, as expected. Each injector needle and nozzle tip was examined in terms of a functional evaluation via visual inspection, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). According to the analyses, the B20 fuel blend C content was determined to be 73.47% and its O content 23.34%, with the quantity of the other elements lower than 1%. Similarly, for DF, the C content was determined to be 50.49% and that of O 19.95%, with the other elements in trace amounts. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral analysis was used to examine the deposits on the injector nozzle tips and needles. Polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) and inorganic components were observed on the injector needles, whereas aging products and inorganic components were seen on the injector nozzle tips. No significant difference was found between the results of the DF and B20 fuels in terms of injector nozzle function.
An investigation of engine and fuel system performance in a diesel engine operating on waste cooking oil
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Bolat, Alper; Cedden, Haşmet; Kaya, Alper; Günç, Gürkan; Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Rıdvan; Kaplan, Cafer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; V-1754-2018; AAG-6056-2021; 6508189419; 13609418000; 9536843900
Waste cooking oil (WCO) was experimentally examined to determine whether it can be used as an alternative fuel in a 3-cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection, 48 kW power tractor engine. The test engine was operated under full load conditions using diesel fuel and waste vegetable oil from the 2400 to 1100 rpm and performance values were recorded. Tests were performed in two stages to evaluate the effect of the waste oils on the engine life cycle. When the test engine was operated with diesel fuel and waste cooking oil; engine torque decreased between at ratio of 0.09 % and 3% according to the engine speed. While no significant difference occurs in the diesel fuel tests at the end of 100 hours of operation, an important reduction was observed in the engine torque of the WCO engine between 4.21% and 14.48% according to the engine speed, and an increase in average smoke opacity ratio was also observed. In accordance with the results obtained from the studies, it was determined that the engine performance values of waste cooking oil show similar properties with diesel fuel, but in long-term usage, performance losses increased. In the SEM analysis performed on the fuel system, there were dark deposits at the nozzle tip and stem. According to an EDX analysis at the nozzle tips, the detected elements point to engine oil ash in the combustion chamber and show coking products (C and O). The other elements (Na, S, Ca, P, Cl, and K) point to used WCO.
Investigation of engine performance of waste cooking oil as a fuel in diesel tractor engines
(Czech University Life Science Prague, 2013) Bolat, Alper; Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Ridvan; Kaplan, Cafer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Makine ve Metal Teknolojileri Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; V-1754-2018; AAG-6056-2021; 13609418000; 6508189419; 9536843900
In this study; the availability of waste cooking oil (WCO) is experimentally examined whether it can be used as an alternative fuel in 3-cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection and 48 kW power tractor engine. Test engine is operated at full load conditions by using diesel fuel and waste vegetable oil from 2400 to 1100 cycle and performance values are recorded. Tests are performed in two stages in order to evaluate the effect of the waste oils on engine life cycle. When the test engine is operated with diesel fuel and waste cooking oil; engine torque has decreased between 0,09 % and 3 % according to the cycle and average smoke opacity ratio has remained at the same ratios. However in the tests performed at the end of 100-hour operation; while no significant difference occurs in the diesel fuel, significant reduction is seen in the engine torque of WCO between 4,21 % and 14,48 % according to the cycle and an increase in average smoke opacity ratio is seen. The results obtained from the studies, it is determined that the engine performance values of waste cooking oil show similar properties with the diesel fuel but in long-term usage, performance losses have increased.
Investigation of performance and emission characteristics of waste cooking oil as biodiesel in a diesel engine
(KeAi Publishing, 2018-05) Bolat, Alper; Şahin, Remzi; Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Rıdvan; Tekin, Yücel; Sürmen, Ali; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tarım Makinaları, Otomotiv Teknolojisi Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Otomotiv Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; 0000-0003-3665-7680; AAG-6056-2021; V-1754-2018; J-3560-2012; JCN-8081-2023; 6508189419; 13609418000; 15064756600; 6508353020
Biodiesel is one of the most popular prospective alternative fuels and can be obtained from a variety of sources. Waste frying oil is one such source along with the various raw vegetable oils. However, some specific technical treatments are required to improve certain fuel properties such as viscosity and calorific value of the biodiesel being obtained from waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME). Various treatments are applied depending on the source and therefore the composition of the cooking oil. This research investigated the performance of WCOME as an alternative biofuel in a four-stroke direct injection diesel engine. An 8-mode test was undertaken with diesel fuel and five WCOME blends. The best compromise blend in terms of performance and emissions was identified. Results showed that energy utilization factors of the blends were similar within the range of the operational parameters (speed, load and WCOME content). Increasing biodiesel content produced slightly more smoke and NOx for a great majority of test points, while the CO and THC emissions were lower.
Tarım traktörlerinde biyodizel (B20) ve dizel yakıtı kullanımının motorun aşınmaya maruz kalan parçaları üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-07-25) Bolat, Alper; Alibaş, İlknur; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-7107-5347
Bu çalışmada, %20 biyodizel + %80 dizel yakıt karışımının (B20), dizel yakıt ile karşılaştırmalı olarak motor performansı, motor ana parçaları ve enjektörler üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla aynı marka ve modelde 55 kW gücündeki iki farklı tarım traktörü benzer tarımsal işlerde hem dizel yakıtı hem de B20 yakıt karışımı kullanılarak 1000 saat çalıştırılmıştır. Yapılan performans testlerinde B20 yakıt kullanımında dizel yakıta göre %3 güç, %2 tork düşüşü ve özgül yakıt tüketiminde %5 artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Emisyonlarda karbonmonoksit (CO) %40, hidrokarbon (HC) %19, partikül madde (PM) değerlerinde %46 düşme ve azotoksit (NOx) değerinde %7 artış olduğu görülmüştür. Traktörlerin tarlada çalışma esnasında 200 saat bakım aralıklarında alınan yağların numune analizlerinde yağın içerisinde kayda değer aşınma metallerine ve kimyasal analiz sonuçlarında olumsuzluğa rastlanmamıştır. 1000 saat sonrasında demonte edilen her iki motorun ana parçalarının görsel incelemesi de motor yağı analiz sonuçlarını desteklemektedir. 1000 saatlik çalışmadan sonra, her bir enjektör iğnesi ve meme ucu, görsel inceleme, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve enerji dağılımlı X-ışını (EDX) yoluyla enjektör memesinin işlevsel değerlendirmesi açısından incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre B20 yakıtı için, C oranının %73,47, O oranının ise %23,34 olarak elde edildiği diğer elementlerin ise oransal olarak %1’in altında değerlerde oldukları görülmektedir. Aynı şekilde dizel yakıt için C %50,49, O’nin ise %19,95 olarak tespit edildiği diğer elementlerin değerlerinin yüzdesel olarak düşük kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, enjektör meme uçları ve iğneleri üzerindeki tortuları incelemek için Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) spektral analizi de kullanıldı. Enjektör iğnelerinde poliizobütilen süksinimit (PIBSI) ve inorganik bileşenler, enjektör meme uçlarında ise yaşlandırma ürünleri ve inorganik bileşenler gözlendi. Enjektör meme fonksiyonu açısından B20 ve dizel yakıt sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.