Browsing by Author "Démuth, Andrej"

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Heidegger`s concept of “die befindlichkeit” and his role in human cognition and self-cognition
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Démuth, Andrej
The problem of cognition is one of the ancient questions of human inquiry and in its essence represents one of the most fundamental and crucial problems of philosophy. The reason for this is that the essence of cognition and the solution to its problems pre-determines the final result and character of any inquiry, and as a matter of fact, even our outlook on the world and ourselves. Do there exists something which can predetermine the cognition alone? The present study approaches cognition through the analysis of Heidegger`s concept of “die Stimmung” and “die Befindlichkeit” which can be translated as a „state of mind”, „being in the mood” or an „attunement”1 . The author of this study analyses the role of this concept and especially its existential modifications, as an epistemological determinant of cognition. Attunement is not viewed here traditionally, as a superficial and emotionally fleeting mental state of an individual (in the structure affect – mood – passion) but in line with Heideggerian understanding as a fundamental epistemological “attunement” of a subject or a kind of hermeneutical “approach”. The author of study try to show that “die Befindlichkeit” pre-determines the entire perception, understanding and outlook on the world and ourselves.
Respect for reason as a reason of law and morality in the world some anottation to Kant’s conception of worldcitizenship
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Démuth, Andrej
The background of the study is set on the analysis of Kant’s idea of worldcitizenship in empire of human rationality, which he sees as world of academic liberty, authority of reason and equality of actors. Author of this study tries to focus an attention on basic idea of Kantian morality – on Respect to moral law giver. He shows that in Kant’s conception is the law giver only the critical reason. This moment allows Kant to create authonomious morality in which is law giver, actor and judge the same. Reason in each from these persons is the same like in each rational being. So Kant discovered proof of equality as a condition of universal morality. The second moment of Kantian morality is duty of logical consistency (respect of rationality to reason in everybody). Because the rationality is universal, we must respect Reason in each man and it gives the dignity to each. Equality and the duty of respect to another is a main idea of Kant’s conception of of worldcitizenship. At the end of study author shows phyziocratic source of worldcitizenship from Kant’s point of view. He analyses typical idea of Freedom as a condition of morality in the polemic with Kant’s idea of “providence” and rationality of Nature. Author believes that Kant’s argumentation can be inspirative in conterporary world, too.