Browsing by Author "Sucu, Ekin"

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Comparison of in vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and microbial protein production of some legume hays
(Asian-Australasian Association Animal Production Society, 2007-04) Karabulut, Ali; Canbolat, Önder; Kalkan, Hatice; Gürbüzol, Fatmagül; Sucu, Ekin; Filya, İsmail; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; AAH-2927-2021; 7005308670; 7004338636; 7005108822; 16229862100; 14038064900; 6701639395
The aim of this study was to compare in vitro gas production kinetics, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and microbial protein (MP) production of widely used legume hays in ruminant nutrition in Turkey. Gas production were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and their kinetics were described using the equation p = a+b (1-e-ct). There were significant differences among legume hays in terms of chemical composition. The crude protein content of legume hays ranged from 11.7 to 18.6% of dry matter (DM); crude fat from 2.1 to 3.5% DM; neutral detergent fiber from 35.6 to 52.0% DM; acid detergent fiber from 32.0 to 35.5% DM and acid detergent lignin 1.7 to 11.0% DM. Total gas production after 96 h incubation ranged between 61.67 and 76.00 ml/0.200 g of substrate. At 24, 72 and 96 h incubation the total gas production for common vetch were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of the other legume hays. The ME, OMD and MP of legume hays ranged from 9.09 to 11.12 MJ/kg DM, 61.30 to 75.54% and 90.35 to 138.05 g/kg DM, respectively. The ME, OMD and MP of common vetch was significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of the other hays due to low cell-wall contents and high crude protein. At the end of the experiment, differences in chemical composition of legume hays resulted in the differences in the in vitro gas production, gas production kinetics and the estimated parameters such as ME, OMD and MP. Common vetch can be recommended to hay producers and ruminant breeders, due to high ME, OMD and MP production.
Determination of in vitro rumen digestibility and potential feed value of tiger nut varieties
(South African Journal of Animal Sciences, 2021-01-19) Ayaşan, T.; Ülger, I; Hızlı, H.; Çubukçu, P.; Özcan, B. D.; Sucu, Ekin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; DXG-9313-2022; 14038064900
Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.), or chufa, is a plant that is found in nature and is cultivated for its edible tubers. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of three tiger nut varieties using the in vitro gas production technique. These varieties were Sariseker (yellow), Introduction 1, and Balyumru (brown). Rumen fluid was obtained from two cannulated Holstein animals. Time-dependent in vitro gas production was monitored at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation. The varieties differed in dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and nonfibre carbohydrate (NFC) content (P <0.05). They also differed in the instantaneous volume of gas produced and in time-dependent gas production. Balyumru produced more gas at the onset of incubation than Introduction 1 and Sariseker. However, over time, the gas produced by digestion of Introduction 1 exceeded the other two varieties. The amounts of gas produced at each time-point were intercorrelated. It is recommended that these results should lead to further evaluation in in vivo studies.
Effect of a chemical preservative on fermentation, aerobic stability and nutritive value of whole-crop wheat silage
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007-09-01) Filya, İsmail; Sucu, Ekin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAH-2927-2021; AAG-8331-2021; 6701639395; 14038064900
To evaluate the effect of formic acid based preservative (FAP) on fermentation, aerobic stability and nutritive value of whole-crop wheat silage, wheat was harvested at early dough stage and ensiled for 90 d with 0, 2 3 and 4 ml/kg FA.P. The FAP treatment did not affect the concentrations of lactic and acetic acid but increased formic and propionic acid and decreased concentrations of butyric acid, ethanol, ammonia-N and gas losses of the silages. Under aerobic conditions, FAP treated silages had lower pH, CO2 production and the numbers of yeasts (except FA2) and moulds than the control silage (P<0.05). Contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and cellulose decreased in the FAP treated silages, but 96 h in vitro gas production and in vitro organic matter digestibility of the silages were not affected by FAP treatment. Applying 4 ml/kg FAP on wheat silages was most effective.
The effect of bacterial inoculants and a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole-crop cereal silages
(Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies, 2007-01-24) Filya, İsmail; Sucu, Ekin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAH-2927-2021; AAG-8331-2021; 6701639395; 14038064900
Three microorganisms and one chemical preservative were tested for their effects on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole-crop wheat, sorghum and maize silages. Wheat at the early dough stage, sorghum at the late milk stage and maize at the one-third milk line stage were harvested and ensiled in 1.5-1 anaerobic jars untreated or after the following treatments: control (no additives); Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) at 1.0x10(6) colony-forming units (CFU)/g of fresh forage; L. buchneri (LB) at 1.0x10(6) CFU/g; Propionibacterium acidipropionici (PA) at 1.0x10(6) CFU/g; and a formic acid-based preservative (FAP) at 3 ml/kg of fresh forage weight. Three jars per treatment were sampled on d 90 after ensiling, for chemical and microbiological analysis. At the end of the ensiling period, 90 d, the silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test lasting 5 d. In this test, CO2 produced during aerobic exposure was measured along with chemical and microbiological parameters which serve as spoilage indicators. The silages inoculated with LP had higher concentration of lactic acid compared with the controls and the other treated silages (p < 0.05). The controls and LP-inoculated silages spoiled upon aerobic exposure faster than LB, PA and FAP-treated silages. The controls and LP-inoculated silages spoiled upon aerobic exposure faster than LB, PA and FAP-treated silages due to more CO2 production (p < 0.05) in these two groups and development of yeasts unlike the other groups. In the experiment, the silages treated with LB, PA and FAP were stable under aerobic conditions. However, the numbers of yeasts was higher in the LP-inoculated wheat, sorghum and maize silages compared with the LB, PA and FAP-treated silages. The LB, PA and FAP improved the aerobic stability of the silages by causing more extensive heterolactic fermentation that resulted in the silages with high levels of acetic and propionic acid. The use of LB, PA and FAP as silage additives can improve the aerobic stability of whole-crop wheat, sorghum and maize silages by inhibition of yeast activity.
The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation, aerobic stability and ruminal degradability of maize silage
(Wiley, 2006) Filya, İsmail; Sucu, Ekin; Karabulut, Aydın; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAH-2927-2021; AAG-8331-2021
Aims: To evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus buchneri, heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB), on the fermentation, aerobic stability and ruminal degradability of whole-crop maize silages under laboratory conditions. Two homofermentative LAB were tested for the purpose of comparison. Methods and Results: Maize was harvested at early dent [290 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM)] and one-half milk line (355 g kg(-1) DM) stages. Both homofermentative LAB were applied at 1 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) of fresh forage. Lactobacillus buchneri was applied at 1 x 10(5), 5 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6) CFU g(-1) of fresh forage. Silages with no additives served as control. After treatment, the chopped forages were ensiled in 1(.)5-1 anaerobic jars. Three jars per treatment were sampled on day 60. After 60 days of storage, silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test lasting for 5 days, in which CO2 production, as well as chemical and microbiological parameters, was measured to determine the extent of aerobic deterioration. Both homofermentative LAB increased the concentration of lactic acid and the numbers of yeasts, and decreased the concentration of acetic acid and impaired the aerobic stability of silages. In contrast, applying L. buchneri decreased the concentration of lactic acid and increased the concentration of acetic acid of the silages. Under aerobic conditions, silages treated with 5 X 105 and 1 x 10(6) CFU g(-1) of L. buchneri, had lower pH, CO2 production and the numbers of yeasts than the silages treated with 1 X 10(5) CFU g-1 of L. buchneri (P < 0(.)05). However, all doses of L. buchneri and both homofermentative LAB did not affect in situ rumen DM, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre degradability of the silages. Conclusions: Lactobacillus buchneri was very effective in protecting maize silages exposed to air under laboratory conditions. All doses of L. buchneri, especially 5 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) or more, markedly decreased the numbers of yeasts and improved the aerobic stability of silages. Significance and Impact of the Study: The use of L. buchneri, as a silage inoculant, can improve the aerobic stability of maize silages by inhibition of yeast activity.
The effect of Propionibacterium acidipropionici, with or without Lactobacillus plantarum, on the fermentation and aerobic stability of wheat, sorghum and maize silages
(Wiley, 2004) Filya, İsmail; Sucu, Ekin; Karabulut, A.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAH-2927-2021; AAG-8331-2021
Aims: To determine the effect of Propionibacterium acidipropionici, alone or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum, on the fermentation and aerobic stability of wheat, sorghum and maize silages. Methods and Results: The inoculants were applied at 1.0 x 10(6) CFU g(-1). Silages with no additives served as control. Fresh forages were sampled prior to ensiling. Three jars per treatment were sampled on days 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 after ensiling, for chemical and microbiological analysis. At the end of the ensiling period, the silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test. The P. acidipropionici-inoculated silages had significantly higher levels of acetic and propionic acid than the L. plantarum or P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum-inoculated silages (P < 0.05). Therefore, yeast activity was impaired in the P. acidipropionici-inoculated silages. As a result, P. acidipropionici decreased CO2 production and improved aerobic stability of wheat, sorghum and maize silages. However, the combination of P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum did not improve aerobic stability of the silages. Conclusions: The P. acidipropionici was very effective in protecting the wheat, sorghum and maize silages exposed to air under laboratory conditions, probably because the acidic environment under ensiling conditions is favourable for this micro-organism. Significance and Impact of the Study: The use of P. acidipropionici, as a silage inoculant can improve the aerobic stability of silages by inhibition of yeast activity.
Effect of the ratio of zinc amino acid complex to zinc sulfate on the performance of Holstein cows
(Elsevier, 2014-07) Nayeri, Amir; Upah, Nathan C.; Sanz-Fernandez, M. Victoria; DeFrain, Jeffery M.; Gorden, Patrick J.; Baumgard, Lance H.; Sucu, Ekin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; 14038064900
Multiparous (n = 70) and primiparous (n = 66) Holstein cows were balanced by 305-d previous mature-equivalent milk yield and parity and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments to evaluate the ratio of zinc sulfate to zinc amino acid complex (CZ) in pre- and postpartum Holstein cows fed diets containing 75 mg of added zinc/kg. Treatments were (1) 75 mg of supplemental zinc/kg of dry matter (DM) provided entirely as zinc sulfate (0-CZ); (2) 0-CZ diet, except 33.3 mg of zinc sulfate/kg of DM in the prepartum and 15.5 mg of zinc sulfate/kg of DM in the postpartum diet were replaced by CZ from Availa-Zn (16-CZ; Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie MN); and (3) 0-CZ diet, except 66.6 mg of zinc sulfate/kg of DM in the prepartum and 40.0 mg of zinc sulfate/kg of DM in the postpartum diet was replaced by Availa-Zn (40-CZ). Cows were housed at the Iowa State University Dairy Farm and were individually offered a total mixed ration containing dietary treatments beginning at 28 +/- 15 d before expected calving date until 250 d in milk. Relative to 0-CZ, multiparous cows (but not primiparous) fed CZ (16-CZ or 40-CZ) had increased (20%) colostrum IgG concentrations. Prepartum DM intake (DMI) was decreased with CZ supplementation. Postpartum DMI was decreased in cows fed CZ, whereas milk yield (MY) was increased in the 40-CZ-fed cows relative to those fed both 0-CZ and 16-CZ. Feed efficiency increased linearly when measured as MY/DMI, 3.5% fat-corrected MY/DMI, and solids-corrected MY/DMI. Regardless of level, feeding CZ decreased services per conception. Feeding 16-CZ decreased milk fat concentration and feeding CZ linearly increased milk urea nitrogen concentration. In summary, supplementing zinc as a mixture of CZ and zinc sulfate, as opposed to supplementing only zinc sulfate, has beneficial effects on production parameters in dairy cows, with those benefits becoming more apparent as the ratio of CZ to zinc sulfate increases.
Effects of algae derived pure β-Glucan on in vitro rumen fermentation
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2023-01-01) Sucu, Ekin; Sonat, Füsun; SUCU, EKİN; SONAT, FÜSUN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; AAG-8396-2021
The major purpose of this study was to determine how varying doses of algae derived pure r3-glucan affected in vitro gas generation, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, methane production, and protozoa populations. Different doses of r3-glucan [i.e., 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg feed (DM basis)] were applied to corn silage as experimental treatments. After 6-96 hours of incubation, the dose of 200 mg/kg of DM r3-glucan reduced total gas production compared to control (P<0.01). The concentration of total VFA decreased quadratically (P<0.01) as the amount of r3-glucan inclusion decreased (except for 200 mg/kg DM) when compared to the control group. The total VFA concentration was found to be the lowest (P<0.01) at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg DM r3-glucan than the other doses. Propionate and butyrate concentrations increased linearly (P<0.01) in the r3-glucan supplemented groups, except for the 50 mg/kg DM dosage. When compared to the control group, all doses of r3-glucans lowered acetate and the acetate: propionate ratio linearly and quadratically (P<0.01). The addition of r3-glucans reduced the number of protozoa linearly (except at the lowest dose) and reduced the methane generation linearly and quadratically (P<0.01). The concentration of NH3-N did not differ (Linear, P=0.12; Quadratic, P=0.19) between treatments. The key findings were that r3-glucan acted as a rumen modulator, and levels of more than 50 mg/kg of feed DM functioned as a potential methane regulator in the rumen due to reduced acetate and acetate to propionate ratio.
Effects of ensiling density on nutritive value of maize and sorghum silages
(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Science, 2016-08-01) Kalkan, Hatice; Sucu, Ekin; Canbolat, Önder; Filya, İsmail; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; AAH-2927-2021; 14038064900; 7004338636; 6701639395
Studies were conducted to determine the effects of different ensiling densities on fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritive value of maize and sorghum silages. Maize and sorghum were harvested at dough (363 g/kg) and milk stages (275 g/kg), respectively. Herbages were chopped approximately 1.5 cm after harvest and then ensiled in mini silos at high and low-bulk densities for 8.5 weeks. Different bulk densities were achieved by ensiling different weights of herbage in the fixed-volume mini silos (1.5-L anaerobic jars, Weck, Germany). The obtained dry matter (DM) densities were 168 and 216 kg of DM/m(3) for maize forage and 132 and 178 kg of DM/m(3) for sorghum forage. Fermentation kinetics, the rate of aerobic deterioration upon aerobic exposure, and nutrient digestibility were followed during the periods of ensiling (on days 2, 4, 8, 15, and 60). In all cases, increased packing density resulted in silages with lower acetate content, ammonium N levels, and fermentation losses, but lactate content did not differ. Butyrate was detected in appreciable amounts only in sorghum silage. Propionate was not detected in any silage. Tightly packed silages remained stable upon exposure to air. Tight packing increases the digestibly of nutrients and improves the energy content of silages. These data show that high density limits air infiltration and reduces the oxidation loss during storage and feed-out. As a consequence, more dry matter is recovered and more energy is preserved.
Effects of feeding Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product to transition Holstein cows on performance and health
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2019-06) Moore, Chel; VanBaale, Matthew J.; Jensen, Howard; Sanz-Fernandez, Maria, V; Baumgard, Lance H.; Sucu, Ekin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; 14038064900
Two experiments examined the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product (AO; Amaferm (R); BioZyme Inc., St. Joseph, MO, USA) on productive variables in transition dairy cows. In experiment 1, 33 Holstein cows (22 multiparous and 11 primiparous) were enrolled from -21 to 60 days in milk (DIM). Cows were individually fed either a control total mixed ration (TMR) diet consisting of primarily alfalfa hay and steam-flaked corn [62: 38 and 59: 41, forage: concentrate (F: C) for prepartum and postpartum phases, respectively] or the control diet along with 15 g d(-1) of AO. In experiment 2, 455 multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled from -21 to 121 DIM. Cows were group-fed either a control TMR diet (n = 228) consisting primarily of corn silage and rolled corn (44: 56, F: C) or the control diet (n = 227) with 15 g d(-1) of AO. In experiment 1, cows fed AO had increased (P < 0.05) milk production compared with controls (37.7 vs. 34.6 kg d(-1)). Milk composition, dry matter intake, body weight (BW), and BW loss both prepartum and postpartum did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Cows fed AO tended to have decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids levels (14%, P < 0.10), but plasma glucose concentration did not differ (P = 0.89). In experiment 2, cows fed AO had decreased milk yield (43.0 vs. 43.8; P < 0.05), and increased milk fat content (3.50% vs. 3.38%; P < 0.01) but similar quantities of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (42.5 vs. 42.7 kg d(-1); P > 0.10). Results suggest that AO has the potential to improve aspects of milk production efficiency, but the percentage and types of forage utilized may influence the response.
Effects of feeding aspergillus oryzae fermentation product to transition holstein cows on performance and health
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2019-06) Moore, Chel; VanBaale, Matthew J.; Jensen, Howard; Sanz-Fernandez, Maria, V; Baumgard, Lance H.; Sucu, Ekin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; 14038064900
Two experiments examined the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product (AO; Amaferm (R); BioZyme Inc., St. Joseph, MO, USA) on productive variables in transition dairy cows. In experiment 1, 33 Holstein cows (22 multiparous and 11 primiparous) were enrolled from -21 to 60 days in milk (DIM). Cows were individually fed either a control total mixed ration (TMR) diet consisting of primarily alfalfa hay and steam-flaked corn [62: 38 and 59: 41, forage: concentrate (F: C) for prepartum and postpartum phases, respectively] or the control diet along with 15 g d(-1) of AO. In experiment 2, 455 multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled from -21 to 121 DIM. Cows were group-fed either a control TMR diet (n = 228) consisting primarily of corn silage and rolled corn (44: 56, F: C) or the control diet (n = 227) with 15 g d(-1) of AO. In experiment 1, cows fed AO had increased (P < 0.05) milk production compared with controls (37.7 vs. 34.6 kg d(-1)). Milk composition, dry matter intake, body weight (BW), and BW loss both prepartum and postpartum did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Cows fed AO tended to have decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids levels (14%, P < 0.10), but plasma glucose concentration did not differ (P = 0.89). In experiment 2, cows fed AO had decreased milk yield (43.0 vs. 43.8; P < 0.05), and increased milk fat content (3.50% vs. 3.38%; P < 0.01) but similar quantities of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (42.5 vs. 42.7 kg d(-1); P > 0.10). Results suggest that AO has the potential to improve aspects of milk production efficiency, but the percentage and types of forage utilized may influence the response.
Effects of homofermentative lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of low dry matter corn silages
(TÜBİTAK, 2006) Sucu, Ekin; Filya, İsmail; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; AAH-2927-2021; 14038064900; 6701639395
This study was carried out to determine the effects of homofermentative lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of low dry matter corn silages. Corn was harvested at the milk stage. Inoculant-1188 (Pioneer((R)), USA; Inoculant A) and Maize-All (Alltech, UK; Inoculant B) were used as homofermentative lactic acid bacterial inoculants. Inoculants were applied to silages 1.5 x 10(6) colony forming units/g levels. Silages with no additive served as controls. After treatment. the chopped corn was ensiled in 1.5-1 special anaerobic jars, equipped with a lid that enables gas release only. Three jars from each group were sampled for chemical and microbiological analysis on days 2, 4, 8, 15 and 50 after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period, all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 5 days. Neither inoculant improved the fermentation characteristics of low dry matter corn silages. At the end of the ensiling period, inoculants increased the lactobacilli and decreased yeast and mold numbers of silages. However, Inoculant A led to higher CO, production and impaired the aerobic stability of silages. Inoculant B did not affect the aerobic stability of silages.
The effects of lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation, aerobic stability and nutritive value of maize silage
(Wiley, 2010-12) Filya, İsmail; Sucu, Ekin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; AAH-2927-2021; 6701639395; 14038064900
Maize was harvested at one-third milk line (297 g kg-1 DM) stage. All inoculants were applied at 1 x 106 cfu g-1 of fresh forage. After treatment, the chopped forages were ensiled in 1 center dot 5-L anaerobic jars. Three jars per treatment were sampled on days 2, 4, 7, 12 and 90 after ensiling, for chemical and microbiological analysis. Homofermentative LAB-inoculated silages had lower pH and higher lactate:acetate ratio (except for Lactobacillus plantarum/Pediococcus cerevisiae and L. plantarum/Propionibacterium acidipropionici) than the control and both heterofermentative LAB-inoculated silages. Both L. buchneri inhibited yeast growth and CO2 production during exposure of silage to air. The L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae, L. plantarum (Ecosyl) and L. plantarum/Enterococcus faecium-inoculated silages had higher dry-matter digestibility than the control and L. buchneri-inoculated silages. Inoculants did not affect digestibility of neutral detergent fibre, except for L. buchneri (Biotal), organic matter nor ME content of silages. The LAB silage inoculants generally had a positive effect on maize silage characteristics in terms of lower pH and shifting fermentation toward lactate with homofermentative LAB or toward acetate with L. buchneri. The use of L. buchneri can improve the aerobic stability of maize silages by the inhibition of yeast activity.
Effects of lines and inoculants on nutritive value and production costs of triticale silages
(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal, 2016-05-11) Sucu, Ekin; Çifçi, Esra Aydoğan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Bilimleri Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; AAH-1528-2021; 14038064900; 23666729800
The current study was undertaken to investigate the ensilage characteristics in triticale lines treated by inoculants and their interaction on fermentation metabolites and rumen degradability. Costs were estimated for growing and feeding whole-crop triticale lines for animal production. Triticale hybrids were harvested at the dough stage of maturity (38% dry matter, DM). Plants were chopped approximately 2 cm after harvest and then treated with inoculants and were ensiled in 1.5-L mini laboratory silos. Two lactic acid bacterial inoculants with enzymes (LAB+enzymes I: Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Streptococcus faecium with cellulase, hemicellulase, pentosanase, and amylase; LAB+enzyme II: P. acidilactici, L. plantarum, and amylase) were used as silage additives. Inoculants were applied at 1.5 x 10⁵ cfu/g chopped fresh material. Silages with no additive served as the control. Four jars per treatment were sampled on day 60 after ensiling for chemical and microbiological analysis. At the end of the ensiling period (60 day), the silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test. The nutrient degradability of silages was determined in situ. Overall, there were no obvious interactions between triticale lines and the treatments for any of the parameters measured. The fermentation and nutritive value of silages were affected by treatments. LAB+enzymes increased the concentrations of lactic acid of the triticale silages and decreased the concentrations of butyric acid, total alcohols, and ammonia-N. Under aerobic conditions, LAB+enzyme treated silages had lower pH, CO₂ production, and number of yeasts. Fibrous fractions were decreased with the application of LAB+enzymes. The 48 h in situ organic matter, DM, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the silages were enhanced by treatments. Addition LAB+enzymes to dough stage triticale silage reduces proteolysis; the inoculant possess antimicrobial properties and improves fermentation and nutritional value. The economic results are favorable financially for growing winter triticale as an animal feed in Mediterranean-type climates.
Effects of microalgae species on in vitro rumen fermentation pattern and methane production
(Walter De Gruyter, 2019-09-12) Sucu, Ekin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; 14038064900
This experiment was conducted to establish the effects of two types of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris (AI), C. variahilis (AII) and their combination (AI+AII)] with two substrates (wheat and corn silages) on rumen fermentation, gas and methane production. To each substrate, one of 3 algae treatment was supplemented at 0% and 25% of the total incubated dry matter. A series of 5 measurement points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) were completed and the gas production was monitored. The proximate and mineral composition of microalgae and substrates were examined. At 48 h incubation rumen fermentation variables and CH4 production were also assessed. When compared with wheat silage, corn silage caused an increase in gas production (P<0.05). Ruminal gas production decreased in the algae groups when compared to the controls (0% algae, wheat and corn silages, P<0.05). Among algae, C. vulgaris had the strongest effect, decreasing gas production by 34%. Among algae, the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production were found to be lower in C. variabilis (P<0.001). Ammonia-N increased with the algae inclusion (P<0.05). But, the ruminal gas production, pH, acetate, the total VFA, CH4 and rumen fermentation efficiency were not affected by the substrate and algae interaction (P>0.05). The prop' ate was the highest (P<0.05) for corn silage when incubated with C. vulgaris. Ruminal butyrate was the lowest for the wheat silage when incubated with the mixture of algae (P<0.05). The NH3-N was the highest in corn silage when incubated with all algae types (P<0.05). Careful selection and combination of substrate and algae may positively manipulate rumen fermentation and may inhibit CH4 production. Further research is needed to validate these results in viva.
The effects of Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Lactobacillus plantarum, applied at ensiling, on the fermentation and aerobic stability of low dry matter corn and sorghum silages
(Oxford Univ Press, 2006) Filya, İsmail; Sucu, Ekin; Karabulut, Aydın; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; AAH-2927-2021; 6701639395; 14038064900; 7005308670
The aim of this work was to study the effects of applying a strain of Propionibacterium acidipropionici, with or without Lactobacillus plantarum, on the fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of low dry matter (DM) corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) silages. Corn at the dent stage and sorghum at the flowering stage were harvested. Treatments comprised control (no additives), P. acidipropionici, L. plantarum and a combination of P. acidipropionici and L. plantarum. Fresh forages were sampled prior to ensiling. Bacterial inoculants were applied to the fresh forage at 1.0 X 10(6) colony-forming units per gram. After treatment, the chopped fresh materials were ensiled in 1.5-1 anaerobic glass jars equipped with a lid that enabled gas release only. Three jars per treatment were sampled on days 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 after ensiling, for chemical and microbiological analysis. At the end of the ensiling period, 60 days, the silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test. The L. plantarum inoculated silages had significantly higher levels of lactic acid than the controls, P. acidipropionici and combination of P. acidipropionici and L. plantarum inoculated silages (P < 0.05). The P. acidipropionici did not increase propionic and acetic acid levels of the silages. After the aerobic exposure test, the L. plantarum and combination of P. acidipropionici and L. plantarum had produced more CO2 than the controls and the silages inoculated with P. acidipropionici (P < 0.05). All silages had high levels of CO2 and high numbers of yeasts and molds in the experiment. Therefore, all silages were deteriorated under aerobic conditions. The P. acidipropionici and combination of P. acidipropionici and L. plantarum were not able to improve the aerobic stability of fast-fermenting silages, because they could not work well in this acidic environment. The results showed that P. acidipropionici and combination of P. acidipropionici and L. plantarum did not improve the aerobic stability of low DM corn and sorghum silages, which are prone to aerobic deterioration.
Effects of rumen-protected methionine and lysine on milk yield and milk composition in holstein dairy cows consuming a corn grain and canola meal-based diet
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022-01-01) Gülgün, Emrah; Sucu, Ekin; SUCU, EKİN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021
Methionine (Met) and lysine (Lys) are thought to be the two most important amino acids for lactation performance. Met and Lys dietary supplementation can thus be an effective approach to improve amino acid balance for lactation performance, particularly in early lactation. The purpose of this study was to determine how rumen-protected (RP) Met + Lys affect milk production, milk composition, and feed efficiency in primiparous Holstein dairy cows fed a corn grain and canola meal-based diet for 60 days (8.5 weeks) following calving. Two hundred primiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments based on their expected calving date: 1) a basal diet; or 2) a basal diet supplemented with RP Met + Lys. Milk production and feed consumption were tracked on a daily basis, and milk components were tested once a week. During the trial, drinking water was always available in front of the dairy cows. The RP Met + Lys considerably increased (p 0.05) milk yield (+ 2.20 kg/d), fat corrected milk yield (+ 2.18 kg/d) and feed efficiency but had no effect on dry matter intake (p 0.05) the proportion of milk fat, but had no effect on the other milk composition markers (p 0.05). Except for milk crude protein, the yields of fat, true protein, lactose, and energy in milk were higher (p < 0.05) in cows fed RP Met + Lys vs. control cows. The results indicate that supplementing with RP Met + Lys after the first calving has a considerable impact on subsequent milk and milk fat production, as well as the yield of the majority of milk nutrients.
Effects of stoned olive pomace on carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs
(TÜBİTAK, 2017-11-28) Yavuz, Merve Tuba; Sucu, Ekin; Akbay, Kadir Cem; Şengül, Ömer; İbrahim, A. K.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; 0000-0003-3903-8690; 0000-0001-5078-2002; AAG-8331-2021; HKO-2676-2023; AAH-2915-2021; 14038064900; 57205096229; 57205100727; 7202978992
Thirty-six Merino-Kivircik crossbred male lambs were utilized to evaluate the influence of two levels of dried stoned olive pomace. Lambs were blocked by initial body weights (BW, 20.4 kg) and randomly distributed into three groups. While one group received commercial concentrates without olive pomace, the second and third groups received an experimental diet containing 10% olive pomace and 20% olive pomace, respectively. They were fed for 49 days. The animals' BW and feed consumption were recorded weekly and biweekly, respectively. The lambs were slaughtered at the end of the trial. The carcass cut weights were recorded and a sample of LD muscle was collected for fat content and composition. Overall, there were no differences in slaughter characteristics, carcass measurements, or cut weights among the treatments (P > 0.05). The fatty acids (FAs) profile of LD muscle showed that 20% olive pomace fed animals had lower pentadecanoic and erucic acids, while they had higher oleic acid content (P < 0.05). This represents a favorable change in regard to human dietary guidelines. Total saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs were not affected by treatments. There were minor differences in organoleptic properties among the treatments (P > 0.05). Meat rich in oleic acid fared best with panelists, which was found in the 20% olive pomace fed lambs.
The effects of supplemental protease enzymes on production variables in lactating Holstein cows
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014-03-07) Nayeri, Amir; Sanz-Fernandez, M. Victoria; Upah, Nathan C.; Baumgard, Lance H.; Sucu, Ekin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Zootekni Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-1470-2751; AAG-8331-2021; 14038064900
A study was conducted to examine the effects of supplemental dietary protease enzymes on production variables in dairy cattle. Ninety-six multiparous lactating Holstein cows (624 +/- 62 kg body weight and 154 +/- 104 days in milk) were blocked according to parity, days in milk, and previous milk production and randomly assigned to a control total mix ration (TMR) or a TMR containing a blend of supplemental protease enzymes (PE; 4 g/cow/d) in a crossover design with two 21-day experimental periods. Daily pen milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded and milk composition from all cows was determined on d 15, 17. 19 and 21 of each period. There was no treatment effect on milk yield (37.6 kg/d), but supplemental PE-fed cows consumed less DMI (P<0.05) compared to controls and therefore tended to have improved feed efficiency (P=0.06). Feeding supplemental PE decreased blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05) compared to the control cows. However, feeding PE had no effect on milk fat and protein content but tended (P=0.08) to increase milk lactose concentration and tended (P=0.10) to decrease milk urea nitrogen levels and somatic cell score. Results indicate that supplemental PE may enhance production efficiency and improve parameters of nitrogen status.
İkinci ürün mısır silajına fındık zurufu ilavesinin silaj fermantasyonu, aerobik stabilite ve in vitro gaz üretimi üzerine etkileri
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-02-11) Okumuş, Ahmet; Sucu, Ekin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Zootekni Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-0356-2394
Bu çalışma, mısır silajına fındık zurufu ilavesinin, fermantasyon, mikrobiyolojik yapı, aerobik stabilite ve hücre duvarı bileşenleri ile in vitro gaz üretimi ve parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla düzenlenmiştir. Araştırmada ikinci ürün silajlık mısır (%26,61 kuru madde) kullanılmış olup, 2 cm boyutunda parçalanarak, daha önceden öğütülmüş fındık zurufuyla karıştırılmıştır. Elde edilen silaj karışımı 1,5 L’lik laboratuvar silolarına (Weck, Wehr-Oflingen, Germany) silolanmıştır. Katkı maddesi içermeyen kontrol silajları ile zuruf içeren silajlar olmak üzere toplamda 2 uygulama, 3 farklı açım dönemi (8., 21., 60. gün) ve 3 paralelden oluşan toplam 18 kavanoz silaj hazırlanmıştır. Tüm açım dönemlerinde silarlarda kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler yapılmıştır. Altmışıncı günde açılan silajlara beş gün süreyle aerobik stabilite testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, silajların in vitro gaz üretim değerleri ile in vitro besin maddeleri sindirilebilirlikleri saptanmış ve rumen sıvısında protozoa sayımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fındık zurufu katkısı mısır silajının kuru madde, pH, ham kül, ham protein, ham sellüloz, nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif, asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif ve asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lignin içeriklerini artırırken (P<0,05), hemisellüloz içeriğini düşürmüştür (P<0,05). Fındık zurufu katkısı silajlarda laktik asit, propiyonik asit, asetik asit ve bütrik asit içeriklerini düşürmüştür (P<0,05). Fındık zurufu katkısı silajlarda laktik asit bakteri (LAB) popülasyonunu artırırken, maya-küf popülasyonunu etkilememiştir (P>0,05). Fındık zurufu katkısı silajlarda aerobik stabiliteyi olumlu yönde etkilemiştir (P<0,05). Fındık zurufu mısır silajının, in vitro gaz üretim değerini, organik madde sindirimini, metabolik enerjisini, net enerji laktasyon değerlerini düşürmüş (P<0,05), rumendeki protozoa sayısını ise artırmıştır (P<0,05).