Browsing by Author "Susurluk, Hilal"
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item A comparative evaluation of the susceptibility to insecticides and detoxifying enzyme activities in Stethorus gilvifrons (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Panonychus ulmi (Acarina: Tetranychidae)(Taylor & Francis, 2011) Susurluk, Hilal; Kumral, Nabi Alper; Gencer, Nimet Sema; Yalçın, Cem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0001-9442-483X; A-1388-2019; 15846048400; 8863967900; 36062093300The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) does not provide sufficient mite control in many of the apple orchards in Bursa, despite being an effective and voracious predator of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch). This is due in large part to a heavy dependency on organophosphate (OP) and synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides, which were applied to target key pests. To help understand the effects of the insecticides on the ladybird beetle and its main prey, P. ulmi, this study aims to determine their susceptibilities to the residues of parathion-methyl and bifenthrin and detoxifying enzyme activities, such as carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In addition, the insensitivity of acetylcholineesterase (AChE) to the inhibitors, paraoxon and primicarb, is also determined. There are differences in susceptibility to parathion-methyl, in CarE activity and AChE insensitivity, among the populations of predator ladybird and the spider mite. Although GST might play an important role in detoxifying OPs, there is no relationship between susceptibility to parathion-methyl and bifenthrin and GST activity in both the ladybird and the spider mite. On the other hand, two S. gilvifrons populations were surprisingly tolerant to two insecticides. The disparity in susceptibility to parathion-methyl among the predator populations was due to the responsibility of multiple biochemical resistance mechanisms, including elevated CarE activity and target-site insensitivity. Furthermore, the tolerance of the two populations of ladybirds to bifenthrin was similar to that of two P. ulmi populations collected from the same orchards, which indicates a coadaptation to SPs. Therefore, enhanced detoxification by increased activity of CarE is largely responsible for the observed tolerance to bifenthrin in S. gilvifrons populations. Consequently, these results demonstrate that the ladybird species tend to develop resistance to insecticides in the field.Item Effects of Tanacetum cadmeum ssp. orientale (Compositae)’ EtOAc extract fractions on feeding behaviour of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Susurluk, Hilal; Gürkan, Mehmet OktayThe antifeedant activity of Tanacetum cadmeum ssp. orientale (Compositae) against third instars larvae of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lep: Noctuidae) was evaluated using lettuce leaf disk bioassay. In the experiments, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract fractions of aerial parts of T. cadmeum ssp. orientale showed limited antifeedant activity with 24 h values of 17.64, 23.62, 6.97, 5.69 and 7.8% for fractions 1, 2+3, 4, 5 and 7, respectively. Any fraction did not deter feeding by the larvae. Similarly, no statistical differences were observed on body weight between the treated and control larvae after the experiment. In two cases, there was no significant decrease in growth with the shortterm dipping of the fractions to the lettuce disks.Item Interactions among populations of predatory mites and insect and mite pests on olive trees in Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2010) Çobanoğlu, Sultan; Kumral, Nabi Alper; Susurluk, Hilal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0001-9442-483X; A-1388-2019; AAL-8940-2021; 15846048400; 16234544000This study was conducted to determine the population fluctuations and interactions between predatory mites and pests on leaves, shoots, and flower buds of olive trees. Studies were carried out at weekly intervals in four unsprayed olive orchards at Bursa (Turkey), which were located in different ecological areas, during 2007 and 2008. Population fluctuations of predators and pests were monitored by counting individuals on ten 25-cm long shoots collected at different heights from 10 trees in each olive orchard. The mites and mobile small insects were extracted in Berlese funnels and then examined under a stereomicroscope. In this study, the most common pest species found were: Brevipalpus oleae, Aceria oleae, Thrips tabaci, Liothrips oleae, Parlatoria oleae and Saissetia oleae. Although several mite predators, representing the families Phytoseiidae, Erythraeidae, Cheyletidae and Stigmaeidae, were found, members of the family Phytoseiidae dominated. Among the phytoseiid species, Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) athiasae and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recki were found more often, whereas T. (A.) involutus was rarely encountered. Observations conducted at Bursa during the 2 years suggested that in these olive orchards the phytoseiids exist in a clear numerical response to pest species such as B. oleae and the thrips species. In addition, the results indicated that the large phytoseiid populations were a response to the secretions of the scale insects.Item Olfactory response of the ladybird beetle stethorus gilvifrons to two preys and herbivore-induced plant volatiles(Springer, 2009-07) Susurluk, Hilal; Gençer, Nimet Sema; Kumral, Nabi Alper; Sivritepe, H. Özkan; Seidi, Melis; Şentürk, Bülent; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü.; 0000-0001-9442-483X; 0000-0002-0093-9785; A-1388-2019; AAH-3249-2020; 8863967900; 15846048400; 6505928088; 35105844600; 35105938300The spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) cause severe economic losses to vegetable farms and deciduous fruit orchards in Turkey. One of their predators, the ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) (Col., Coccinellidae), aggregates on mite-infested patches of plants. The present study assessed whether there is a role for herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and/or odors emitted directly from these two mite species in the aggregative response of ladybird beetles. The olfactory responses of the predator females to volatiles from T. urticae- and/or P. ulmi-infested sweet pepper (four cultivars, viz. 'Demre', 'Yalova Carliston', 'Kandil Dolma' and 'Yag Biberi'), kidney bean (cv. 'Barbunya') and apple (M9 rootstock) were investigated using a two-choice olfactometer. Our results showed that HIPVs emitted from both T. urticae- and P. ulmi-infested plants significantly attracted S. gilvifrons adults for all plants except the sweet pepper cv. Yag Biberi. In addition, it was found that volatiles from apple plants infested by T. urticae and, especially, P. ulmi are more attractive for S. gilvifrons females than those emitted by other infested plants. The results also suggest that the odors of T. urticae adults and their products might influence the attraction of S. gilvifrons females.Item Resistance to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin along with detoxifying enzyme activities in field-collected female populations of European red mite(Springer, 2009-02) Susurluk, Hilal; Gürkan, Mehmet Oktay; Kumral, Nabi Alper; Gençer, Nimet Sema; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0001-9442-483X; A-1388-2019; 15846048400; 8863967900The levels of susceptibility of populations of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) collected from apple orchards in the Bursa region of Turkey to the insecticides chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, were determined by a petri leaf disk-Potter spray tower method. When compared with the susceptible population, resistance ratios at the LC50 level ranged from 6.0- to 35.6-fold, and from 0.7- to 5.7-fold for chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. Kinetic parameters of general esterase activity with alpha-naphthyl acetate as substrate indicated that an increased activity was present in the resistant populations compared with the susceptible populations. In these strains, 1.5- and 2.2-fold higher Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was also detected with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. General esterase activity gel profiles of these populations were studied by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but no relationship between resistance ratios and band patterns was detected. The results of this study document a decreased efficacy of chlorpyrifos and lambdacyhalothrin in field populations of P. ulmi in Turkey, possibly linked to altered activities of esterases and GST.