Browsing by Author "Topal, Murat"
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Item In-vessel compostıng: I. kitchen wastes(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Arslan, E. Işıl; İpek, Ubeyde; Öbek, Erdal; Topal, Murat; Baykara, OktayIn this study, in-vessel aerobic composting of kitchen wastes (KW) was investigated to suggest a solution for the environmental problem caused by huge amounts of wastes. The composting period was 22 days. The composting parameters such as temperature, carbon (C), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), C/N ratio, cellulose, volatile solids (VS), moisture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), heavy metals and radioactivity were investigated. The reaction rate constant of degradation of VS was found as 0.0414 day-1 (R2 = 0.99). The VS of KW decreased from 92.47 to 86.87 % after 22 days. The KW reached maximum temperature of 55°C within 2 days. C decreased from 51.37 to 48.26 %. TKN increased from 1.43 to 2.45 %. C/N ratio of the KW decreased from 35.92 to 19.69. The content of cellulose increased at the end of the process. pH value increased from 5.5 to 8.29. EC increased from 769 to 959 S/cm. Both TC and FC decreased during process. The measured heavy metal concentrations in the obtained composts were under the standards related to heavy metal. α-radioactivity greatly decreased and also the β-radioactivity decreased at the end of the process. 40K and 137Cs concentrations were also determined. In-vessel aerobic composting was effective to reduce TC, FC, α-and β-radioactivity in KW used. As a result of the study, it can be said that in-vessel aerobic composting of KW would be suitable from the point of waste management and the usage of the obtained compost on agricultural soils would be a solution for the environmental problem caused by the huge amounts those thrown away.Item In-vessel composting: II. grass clippings(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Arslan, E. Işıl; İpek, Ubeyde; Öbek, Erdal; Topal, MuratIn the present study, in-vessel aerobic composting was evaluated in terms of impact on stabilization of grass clippings (GC). The composting period was 22 days. The temperature, carbon (C), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), C/N ratio, cellulose, volatile solids (VS), moisture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), heavy metals and radioactivity were investigated and the kinetics of degradation of organic matter was found during composting. The reaction rate constant of degradation of VS was found as 0.0372 day1 (R2 = 0.99). The VS decreased from 88.78 % to 83.51 % at the end of the process. The GC reached maximum temperature of 62°C within 1 day. C decreased from 49.32 % to 46.39 % while TKN decreased from 2.94 to 2.69 %. C/N ratio that was 16.78 at the beginning increased to 17.25. Cellulose increased after 22 days. pH increased from 5.97 to 8.26 and EC decreased from 1006 to 942 S/cm. Coliforms decreased during composting. The obtained composts contained heavy metals under the standards related to heavy metal. At the end of the composting process α-radioactivity greatly decreased and also the β-radioactivity decreased. 40K and 137Cs concentrations were also determined. In-vessel aerobic composting was effective to reduce TC, FC, α-and βradioactivity in GC used. According to these parameters, if such composts are used in soil, a risk for human health could not arise.