Browsing by Author "Ulusoy, Yahya"

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Agricultural machinery education in Turkey
(Tempus Puplications, 2006) Tekin, Yücel; Arslan, Ridvan; Ulusoy, Yahya; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; J-3560-2012; AAG-6056-2021; V-1754-2018; 15064756600; 13609418000; 6508189419
The education of agricultural machinery technicians is performed by the vocational schools in Turkey. One of the main problems of the agricultural sector in Turkey is the lack of qualified technicians. Parallel to the changing agricultural engineering concept in Europe, new technologies have been launched for leaching of agricultural machinery technicians. New and expanded areas like GPS and GPRS for management, technical-biological system analysis, and natural Resources Technology have been included in the agricultural technologies disciplines of traditional Universities of Agricultural Colleges in the EU. Modern agricultural machinery technician courses include the subjects of information technologies, mechatronics, sensor technology and robotics. The most important step to take in Agricultural machinery programs is to increase the quality of agricultural education and to identify where it stands in international standards. Throughout the membership application process of Turkey prior to joining the EC there has been a need for the application of new technologies and more qualified, sustainable education for agricultural machinery technicians who will be welcomed by the EU countries. In this paper, we describe the model and curriculum of agricultural machinery technician education of the Uludag University.
An investigation of engine and fuel injection system performance in an agricultural tractor operating with b20 biofuel
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022-09-14) Düzgüner, Ender; Ulusoy, Yahya; ULUSOY, YAHYA; Alibaş, İlknur; ALİBAŞ, İLKNUR; Bolat, Alper; Alibaş, Kamil; ALİBAŞ, KAMİL; 0000-0003-0170-8038; 0000-0002-1898-8390; 0000-0003-2658-3905
In this study, two different 55-kW powered agricultural tractors of the same make and model were operated for 1000 h under similar field conditions, one using diesel fuel (DF) and the other a fuel blend of 20% biodiesel-80% diesel (B20). By the end of 1000 h of operation, the performance values of the B20 fuel were determined to be 3% lower than for the DF. Although the values of CO (40%), HC (40%), and PM (46%) were lower than those of DF, the NOx (7%) was determined to be higher, as expected. Each injector needle and nozzle tip was examined in terms of a functional evaluation via visual inspection, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). According to the analyses, the B20 fuel blend C content was determined to be 73.47% and its O content 23.34%, with the quantity of the other elements lower than 1%. Similarly, for DF, the C content was determined to be 50.49% and that of O 19.95%, with the other elements in trace amounts. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral analysis was used to examine the deposits on the injector nozzle tips and needles. Polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) and inorganic components were observed on the injector needles, whereas aging products and inorganic components were seen on the injector nozzle tips. No significant difference was found between the results of the DF and B20 fuels in terms of injector nozzle function.
Analysis of biogas production in Turkey utilising three different materials and two scenarios
(Academic Journals, 2009-10) Ulusoy, Yahya; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; Zor, Sibel; Alibaş, Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tarım Makinaları Programı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Makinaları Bölümü.; 0000-0001-6563-5785; AAG-6056-2021; AAH-9267-2019; AAH-4410-2021; 6508189419; 35194624700; 55807866400; 20733393300
It is a reality for many developing countries, such as Turkey, that a lack of comprehensive evaluation of agricultural and animal potentials can prevent these sectors from becoming optimised to its maximum economical efficiency. Very high input costs, especially for fuel, fertiliser and electricity, result in decreased production; in combination with increased production costs, these are typical reasons for lack of market expansion, with neither the agricultural sector nor the agricultural industry functioning efficiently. Therefore, utilisation of agricultural and animal wastes and biogas, obtained from fermentation of organic fertiliser, has great future potential, as removal of these substances can otherwise be a serious problem. In this study, we evaluated two different scenarios for biogas and energy production in Turkey: the utilisation of waste from tomato and pea paste production and the utilisation of cattle manure.
Ayçiçeği, kolza, pamuk ve soya yağlarının diesel motorlarında yakıt olarak kullanım olanaklarının belirlenmesi üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1999-09-24) Ulusoy, Yahya; Alibaş, Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tarım Makineleri Anabilim Dalı.
Bitkisel yağların alternatif yakıt olarak kullanımı özellikle, tarımsal potansiyeli yüksek olan ülkelerde ön plana çıkmıştır. Bitkisel yağların, motor yakıtı olarak kullanımı üzerinde, çeşitli ülkelerde çok sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ayçiçeği, kolza, pamuk ve soya yağlarının diesel yakıtı ile %25, %50 ve %75'lik oranlardaki karışımlarının motor yakıtı olarak kullanım olanaklarını belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, tek silindirli, önyanma odalı, 4 zamanlı ve 8 kW gücünde bir Pancar motor E-89 modeli bir diesel motoru kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında, yakıt olarak sadece nötr ayçiçek yağı kullanılmış ve deneyler, deneme motorunun yakıt püskürtme avansı değiştirilerek yapılmıştır. Kullanılan yakıtların motor devir sayısına bağlı olarak dönme momenti, güç, saatlik yakıt tüketimi, özgül yakıt tüketimi, toplam verim, egzoz sıcaklığı ve gürültü değerleri %100 diesel yakıtı ile karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır.II Araştırma sonuçlan, bitkisel yağ-diesel yakıtı karışımlarının ele alman karışım oranlan için içten yanmalı motorlarda, diesel yakıtı yerine motorda değişiklik yapmaksızın doğrudan kullanılabilecek özelliklere sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Deneme motorunun püskürtme avansı, fabrikasının bu motor için öngördüğü avans derecesinden aşağı ve yuka rı değerler alınarak denenmiştir. En uygun motor performans değerleri motorun orijinal avans ayarında elde edilmiştir.
Biogas production from agricultural wastes in Turkey-a case study
(Czech University, 2013) Ulusoy, Yahya; Ulukardeşler, Ayse Hilal; Arslan, Rıdvan; Arslan, Reyhane; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Yüksekokulu/Makine ve Metal Teknolojileri.; 0000-0001-6563-5785; 0000-0002-0111-6879; AAG-6056-2021; AAH-9267-2019; V-1754-2018; 6508189419; 35194624700; 13609418000
Since the cost of production and use of energy from fossil energy sources increase every day, renewable energy sources that can compete with fossil energy sources come to the forefront of our country and world. Although Turkey has wide spectrum of energy resources, these resources are insufficient in terms of usage, and Turkey is currently an energy importing country. Approximately 75% of our country's energy consumption met by imports and the share of imports continues to increase each year. According to the literature, although approximately 50 to 65 Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (MTOE) agricultural waste and 11.05 MTOE animal wastes were produced and 60% of this value can be used for energy production, they are not assessed. It is known that, energy potential to be obtained from agricultural and animal waste can cover 22-27% of Turkey's annual energy consumption. In 2010, primary energy demand in Turkey was 109.266 MTOEwhile energy production value 32.228 MTOE. Energy demand in Turkey shows an increase of 8-10% annually, and it is estimated that in 2020 primary energy demand will reach 298,4MTOEwhile energy production will be 70.2 MTOE, and energy import will be 76 %. In this study, the capacities of the collected and grouped agricultural organic waste were determined in Turkey and in Bursa, which is the fourth largest city in Turkey. According to these capacities, valuable organic matter amounts and amount of energy were calculated
Biogas production potential of olive-mill wastes in Turkey
(IEEE, 2017) Ulusoy, Yahya; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0001-6563-5785; AAH-9267-2019; AAG-6056-2021; 6508189419; 35194624700
The disposal of olive-mill pomace and its wastewater is a major problem worldwide. In general, the evaporation of stored wastewater accumulation merges with rainwater to cause greater environmental problems. However, an important recycling chain can be formed through biogas production and energy conversion from olive pomace and wastewater. This study evaluated the potential of the olive oil production in Turkey in terms of energy efficiency by examining the anaerobic fermentation method. In addition, chemical analysis of olive wastewater was conducted and its biogas potential was calculated. As a result of processing the olive wastewater for biogas purposes, the chemical oxygen demand of the product 2.3 g/L was found to be lower than the legal discharge criteria. If processed for biogas purposes, the 1,259,828 m(3) of non-disposable wastewater produced annually has the potential to yield 42,834,160 m(3)/ year of biogas as a significant energy source.
Bursa bölgesinde tütün fidesi dikiminin mekanizasyon olanakları üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1992-07-15) Ulusoy, Yahya; Yüksel, Gürcan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tarım Makinaları Anabilim Dalı.
Tütün insanlar tarafından günümüze kadar çok çeşitli amaçlar için kullanılmıştır. Başlangıçta şifa bitkisi olarak kullanılan tütün günümüzde insan sağlığına vermiş olduğu zararları bilinmesine rağmen ülkelerin ekonomileri için vazgeçilmez bir gelir kaynağı haline gelmiş ve dünyanın sayılı tarım ürünleri arasına girmeyi başarmıştır. Bugün Türkiye sigara üretimi yüksek olduğu kadar tüketimi de yüksek olan ülkeler arasındadır. Ayrıca tütün endüstri ürünü olarak, Ülkemiz ihracatında önemli yer tutmaktadır. Tütün Ülkemizde yaygın bir biçimde aile tarımı olarak üretimi yapılmaktadır. Bu durum tütünün Ülkemizin tarım koşullarına ve sosyal yapısına uygun düşen bir ürün türü olduğunu göstermektedir. Tütünün ülke bazında dikim yöntemlerine göre sıraladığımızda 1. sırayı suya dikim yönteminin aldığı görülmektedir. Bunu baskı ile dikim yöntemi takip ettiği ve son yıllarda makina ile dikimin devreye girdiği gözlenmektedir. Makina ile dikimin amacı bilindiği gibi zirai alanlarda bir işi yapmak kadar o işi zamanında ve işin özelliğine göre yapılması da önemlidir. Bu önemin yanı sıra artık insan iş gücüne dayalı olarak üretim maliyetlerinin de yükselmesi göz önüne alınır ise diğer alanlarda olduğu gibi tütünde de artık mekanizasyona gidilmeyi zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu mekanizasyon zincirinin ilk basamağı fide dikimidir. Tütün yetiştiriciliğinde tütünün tohumdan tarlaya ekilerek yetiştirilmesi olayında zamanın kısıtlı oluşu ve fidelerin uygun ortamı bulup yetişemeyişi gündeme gelmektedir. Diğer fideler gibi tütün de fidelikten sökülerek tarlaya dikilmesinde bu zaman kısıtının göz önünde tutulması artık kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bundan dolayı çiftçinin dikeceği fide miktarını artırma ve kısa sürede dikim işini gerçekleştirmek için elle dikimden ise makina ile dikimi gündeme getirmektedir. Bu amaçla Bursa bölgesi için tütünde makina kullanımı araştırılmış ve gerekli olan dikimdeki iş verimleri ve fide tutma yüzdeleri bulunarak Bursa-18000 tütün çeşidinin makina ile dikime uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Bursa bölgesinde tütün fidesinin makina ile dikiminin güçlüklere rağmen mümkün olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. Fakat aile tipi bir çiftçiliğin oluşu, tütünde çalışmanın fazla iş gücü isteyişi ve tütün tarımının tüm yıla dağılması götermektedir ki sadece Bursa bölgesinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de tütün yetiştiriciliği olarak sadece dikim değil tüm işlemlerin düşünülmesidir. Fideliğe dikiminden hasadına ve hatta Tekel îdare’sine satışına kadar geçen işlemlerde mekanizasyona gidilmesi gereği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çünkü tütün dikimini kalabalık olan çiftçi ailesi yapmaktadır . Fide dikim devresinde de bu işgücü kullanıldığından makina ile dikim benimsenmemektedir. günümüzde ise aile tipi küçüldüğü için çiftçiler tütün dikiminden vazgeçmekte veya az miktarda dikebilmektedir.
Bursa ili tarımsal organik atık kaynaklı biyogaz potansiyeli ve biyogazın dizel motorlarda yakıt olarak kullanımının incelenmesi
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015-06-26) Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Rıdvan; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; Kaplan, Cafer; Kul, Basri; Arslan, Reyhane; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Yenişehir İbrahim Orhan Meslek Yüksekokulu
Bu çalışmada, Bursa ilinin biyogaz potansiyelini tespit etmek üzere bir alan çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Bursa ili sınırları içerinde Karacabey ilçesi başta olmak üzere yapılan literatür ve anket çalışmalarının yanı sıra Tarım İl Müdürlüğü ve Büyükşehir Belediyesi verilerine göre kent sınırları içerisinde toplanabilen organik atıklar gruplandırılarak kapasiteleri tespit edilmiştir. Yine bu kapasitelere göre değerlendirilebilecek organik madde ve elde edilebilecek metan miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Uygulama aşamasında ise henüz ülkemizde araç yakıtı olarak yaygın kullanılamayan doğalgazın, kullanılabilirliğine yönelik olarak biyogazın bir dizel motorda yakıt olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bursa ili hayvansal ve tarımsal kaynaklı organik atıklar açısında yüksek bir potansiyele sahiptir. Hâlihazırda bölgede kurulu hayvansal atıkların ve yeterince değerlendirilemeyen tarıma dayalı endüstri atıklarının değerlendirildiği iki ayrı tesiste 2-4 MWh’lık elektrik ya da benzer kapasitelerde ısı üretilebilmektedir. Ayrıca Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi de kentsel organik atıkları değerlendirerek biyogaz üretmektedir.
Development of a specific electronic control system for an engine dynamometer
(IEEE, 2016) Kul, Basri; Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Rıdvan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Elektronik Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; FFM-7071-2022; AAG-6056-2021; V-1754-2018; 24338263900; 6508189419; 13609418000
With the numerous and complex parameter interactions that take place during the operation of an engine, the optimization of its performance in terms of alternative fuels is difficult, as dynamometers with conventional technology are unable to make significant measurements for alternative fuels. In this study, an electronically controlled dynamometer system capable of measuring a number of specific values was developed. The system allows the optimum values for different fuels to be found for the test engine by monitoring parameters such as injection advance, and at the same time communicating with the electronic control unit via a computer interface. The study presents the algorithm and test results of the system.
Diesel motorlarda biodiesel kullanımının teknik ve ekonomik olarak incelenmesi
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2002) Ulusoy, Yahya; Alibaş, Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu/Tarım Alet ve Makina Programı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Makinaları Bölümü.
Dünyadaki teknolojik gelişmenin paralelinde hızla artan enerji ihtiyacı nedeniyle, enerjiyi yoğun olarak kullanan sektörler, araştırmageliştirme faaliyetlerini, alternatif enerji kaynaklarının geliştirilmesi üzerinde yoğunlaştırmışlardır. Alternatif enerji kaynağı arayışlarında, otomotiv sektörü önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, biodiesel’in alternatif diesel yakıtı olarak kullanım olanakları; bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar ve diğer ülkelerdeki uygulamaları açısından incelenmiş ve oluşturulan biodiesel üretim düzeneğiyle yapılan deneysel çalışmalar ile literatür sonuçları irdelenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra yurdumuzda biodiesel kullanımının ön ekonomik analizi yapılmıştır.
Emission characteristics of sunflower oil methyl ester
(Taylor & Francis, 2009) Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Rıdvan; Kaplan, Cafer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; V-1754-2018; AAG-6056-2021; 6508189419; 13609418000; 9536843900
In this study, use of sunflower oil methyl ester as an alternative fuel in a 4 stroke turbo diesel engine with 4 cylinders, direct injection, and 55 kW power was analyzed. The engine has been fueled by diesel fuel and biodiesel (B100) obtained from methyl ester of sunflower oil and by running the test engine with 14 different speeds and full load, the results have been analyzed. Smoke emissions obtained in biodiesel use were slightly less, which could be attributed to better combustion efficiency. Also, HC and CO emissions of biodiesel were found to be lower. Results of this study show that performance values of sunflower oil methyl ester are similar to those of diesel fuel. It can be concluded that biodiesel's exhaust emissions are lower than diesel fuels, which indicates that biodiesel has more favorable effects on air quality.
Energy and emission benefits of chicken manure biogas production - A case study
(IEEE, 2017) Ulusoy, Yahya; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; Arslan, Rıdvan; Tekin, Yücel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0001-6563-5785; 0000-0002-0111-6879; J-3560-2012; AAH-9267-2019; AAG-6056-2021; V-1754-2018; 6508189419; 35194624700; 13609418000; 15064756600
Studies on the production of biogas of different organic materials in an anaerobic environment are being carried out all over the world. The most important parameters in these researches can he listed as raw material potential, production processes, economic analyses and environmental effects. Chicken manure is one of the raw materials used in biogas production. In this study, in addition to the analysis of biogas and energy production potential from chicken manure, greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed to evaluate environmental effects. In Turkey, chicken manure is not adequately processed and causes environmental pollution. The model biogas plant and potential energy generation were researched in this field study. The pilot plant produces 8.58 million m(3) of biogas per year by processing about 110 thousand tons of waste. It produces 17 GWhlyear of electricity and 16 CWh/year of thermal energy, as well as reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions by 13.86 thousand tons/year.
Energy and emission benefits of chicken manure biogas production: A case study
(Springer, 2021-03-01) Ulusoy, Yahya; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; Arslan, Rıdvan; Tekin, Yücel; ULUSOY, YAHYA; ULUKARDEŞLER, AYŞE HİLAL; ARSLAN, RİDVAN; TEKİN, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu; 0000-0003-2658-3905; 0000-0002-0111-6879; 0000-0003-3665-7680; 0000-0001-6563-5785; J-3560-2012; V-1754-2018; AAH-9267-2019; AAG-6056-2021
Studies on the production of biogas of different organic materials in an anaerobic environment are being carried out all over the world. The most important parameters in these researches can be listed as raw material potential, production processes, economic analyses, and environmental effects. Chicken manure is one of the raw materials used in biogas production. In this study, in addition to the analysis of biogas and energy production potential from chicken manure, greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed to evaluate environmental effects. In Turkey, chicken manure is not adequately processed and causes environmental pollution. The model biogas plant and potential energy generation were researched in this field study. The pilot plant produces 8.58 million m(3) of biogas per year by processing about 110 thousand tons of waste. It produces 17 GWh/year of electricity and 16 GWh/year of thermal energy, as well as reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions by 13.86 thousand tons/year.
Energy and emission benefits of chicken manure biogas production: A case study
(Springer Heidelberg, 2021-03-01) Ulusoy, Yahya; ULUSOY, YAHYA; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; ULUKARDEŞLER, AYŞE HİLAL; Arslan, Rıdvan; ARSLAN, RİDVAN; Tekin, Yücel; TEKİN, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0003-2658-3905; 0000-0002-0111-6879; AAH-9267-2019; J-3560-2012; V-1754-2018
Studies on the production of biogas of different organic materials in an anaerobic environment are being carried out all over the world. The most important parameters in these researches can be listed as raw material potential, production processes, economic analyses, and environmental effects. Chicken manure is one of the raw materials used in biogas production. In this study, in addition to the analysis of biogas and energy production potential from chicken manure, greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed to evaluate environmental effects. In Turkey, chicken manure is not adequately processed and causes environmental pollution. The model biogas plant and potential energy generation were researched in this field study. The pilot plant produces 8.58 million m(3) of biogas per year by processing about 110 thousand tons of waste. It produces 17 GWh/year of electricity and 16 GWh/year of thermal energy, as well as reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions by 13.86 thousand tons/year.
Engine and winter road test performances of used cooking oil originated biodiesel
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science, 2005-05) Çetinkaya, Merve; Karaosmanoğlu, Fìlìz; Ulusoy, Yahya; Tekìn, Yücel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tarım Ekipmanları ve Makineleri Programı.; AAG-6056-2021; J-3560-2012
Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative fuel that can be used in Diesel engines with little or no modification. Low cost feedstocks, such as waste oils. used cooking oil and animal fats, are important for low cost biodiesel production. The objective of this study was to investigate the engine performance and the road performance of biodiesel fuel originated from used cooking oil in a Renault Megane automobile and four stroke, four cylinder, F9Q732 code and 75 kW Renault Megane Diesel engine in winter conditions for 7500 km road tests in urban and long distance traffic. The results were compared to those of No. 2 Diesel fuel. The results indicated that the torque and brake power output obtained during the used cooking oil originated biodiesel application were 3-5 % less then those of No. 2 Diesel fuel. The engine exhaust gas temperature at each engine speed of biodiesel was less than that of No. 2 Diesel fuel. The injection pressures of both fuels were similar. Higher values of exhaust pressures were found for No. 2 Diesel fuel at each engine speed. As a result of the No. 2 Diesel fuel application, the engine injectors were normally carbonized. After the first period, as a result of winter conditions and insufficient combustion. carbonization of the injectors was observed with biodiesel usage. As a result of the second period, since the viscosity of the biodiesel was decreased, the injectors were observed to be cleaner. Also. no carbonization was observed on the surface of the cylinders and piston heads. The catalytic converter was plugged because of the viscosity in the first period. At the second period, no problem was observed with the catalytic converter.
The engine tests of biodiesel from used frying oil
(Taylor & Francis, 2004-08) Çetinkaya, Merve; Karaosmanoğlu, Filiz; Ulusoy, Yahya; Tekin, Yücel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tarım Alet ve Makineleri Programı.; AAG-6056-2021; J-3560-2012
Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and a renewable alternative diesel fuel that can be used in diesel engines with little or no modification. Used frying oil is one of the raw materials which can be used for biodiesel production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of used frying oil originated from biodiesel on engine performance and emissions in a Fiat Doblo 1.9 DS, four-cylinder four-stroke, 46 kW power capacity diesel engine. Comparative measurements with no. 2 diesel fuel were conducted on both engine power and emission characteristics of each of the fuel used. Biodiesel, when compared to no. 2 diesel fuel, showed reduction in wheel force over 3.35% and it also reduced the wheel power by over 2.03%. In the acceleration tests, 40-100 km/h and 60-100 km/h acceleration periods were measured and a reduction of 7.32% and 8.78% were observed, respectively. According to emission tests, as a result of biodiesel consumption, a reduction of 8.59% in CO emission and an increase of 2.62% were observed in CO2 emission. Also, NOx emissions increased by 5.03% as a result of biodiesel consumption. HC emissions and particulate emissions have a significant effect on air pollution. As a result of biodiesel usage, HC and particulate emissions decreased by 30.66% and 63.33%, respectively. When the fuel consumption amounts are compared, it was observed that biodiesel consumption was 2.43% less than that of no. 2 diesel fuel. These emission engine test results show that biodiesel is a more environment friendly fuel than no. 2 diesel fuel.
An evaluation of the alternative transport fuel policies for Turkey
(Elsevier Science, 2010-06) Arslan, Rıdvan; Ulusoy, Yahya; Tekin, Yücel; Sürmen, Ali; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Otomotiv Mühendisliği.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; J-3560-2012; V-1754-2018; AAG-6056-2021; 13609418000; 6508189419; 15064756600; 6508353020
The search for alternative fuels and new fuel resources is a top priority for Turkey, as is the case in the majority of countries throughout the world. The fuel policies pursued by governmental or civil authorities are of key importance in the success of alternative fuel use, especially for widespread and efficient use. Following the 1973 petroleum crisis, many users in Turkey, especially in transportation sector, searched for alternative fuels and forms of transportation. Gasoline engines were replaced with diesel engines between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s. In addition, natural gas was introduced to the Turkish market for heating in the early 1990s. Liquid petroleum gas was put into use in the mid-1990s, and bio-diesel was introduced into the market for transportation in 2003. However, after long periods of indifference governmental action, guidance and fuel policies were so weak that they did not make sense. Entrepreneurs and users experienced great economical losses and lost confidence in future attempts to search for other possible alternatives. In the present study, we will look at the history of alternative fuel use in the recent past and investigate the alternative engine fuel potential of Turkey, as well as introduce possible future policies based on experience.
An investigation of engine and fuel system performance in a diesel engine operating on waste cooking oil
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Bolat, Alper; Cedden, Haşmet; Kaya, Alper; Günç, Gürkan; Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Rıdvan; Kaplan, Cafer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; V-1754-2018; AAG-6056-2021; 6508189419; 13609418000; 9536843900
Waste cooking oil (WCO) was experimentally examined to determine whether it can be used as an alternative fuel in a 3-cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection, 48 kW power tractor engine. The test engine was operated under full load conditions using diesel fuel and waste vegetable oil from the 2400 to 1100 rpm and performance values were recorded. Tests were performed in two stages to evaluate the effect of the waste oils on the engine life cycle. When the test engine was operated with diesel fuel and waste cooking oil; engine torque decreased between at ratio of 0.09 % and 3% according to the engine speed. While no significant difference occurs in the diesel fuel tests at the end of 100 hours of operation, an important reduction was observed in the engine torque of the WCO engine between 4.21% and 14.48% according to the engine speed, and an increase in average smoke opacity ratio was also observed. In accordance with the results obtained from the studies, it was determined that the engine performance values of waste cooking oil show similar properties with diesel fuel, but in long-term usage, performance losses increased. In the SEM analysis performed on the fuel system, there were dark deposits at the nozzle tip and stem. According to an EDX analysis at the nozzle tips, the detected elements point to engine oil ash in the combustion chamber and show coking products (C and O). The other elements (Na, S, Ca, P, Cl, and K) point to used WCO.
Investigation of engine performance of waste cooking oil as a fuel in diesel tractor engines
(Czech University Life Science Prague, 2013) Bolat, Alper; Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Ridvan; Kaplan, Cafer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Makine ve Metal Teknolojileri Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; V-1754-2018; AAG-6056-2021; 13609418000; 6508189419; 9536843900
In this study; the availability of waste cooking oil (WCO) is experimentally examined whether it can be used as an alternative fuel in 3-cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection and 48 kW power tractor engine. Test engine is operated at full load conditions by using diesel fuel and waste vegetable oil from 2400 to 1100 cycle and performance values are recorded. Tests are performed in two stages in order to evaluate the effect of the waste oils on engine life cycle. When the test engine is operated with diesel fuel and waste cooking oil; engine torque has decreased between 0,09 % and 3 % according to the cycle and average smoke opacity ratio has remained at the same ratios. However in the tests performed at the end of 100-hour operation; while no significant difference occurs in the diesel fuel, significant reduction is seen in the engine torque of WCO between 4,21 % and 14,48 % according to the cycle and an increase in average smoke opacity ratio is seen. The results obtained from the studies, it is determined that the engine performance values of waste cooking oil show similar properties with the diesel fuel but in long-term usage, performance losses have increased.
Investigation of particulate matter by FTIR, TEM and elemental analyses in a diesel engine operating on diesel and waste cooking oil-biodiesel
(Springer Heidelberg, 2020-01) Ulusoy, Yahya; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Makine ve Metal Teknolojileri.; 0000-0003-2658-3905; AAG-6056-2021; 6508189419
This study investigated the use of a blend of waste vegetable oil and diesel fuel in a diesel tractor engine by comparing the resulting particulate matter (PM) collected on a filter with the PM of diesel fuel. To this purpose, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and elemental analyses were carried out and the PM collected on the filters was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study also investigated the overall morphology of soot particles from the blend of 75% waste cooking oil (WCO) + 25% diesel (B75) in a diesel engine at three different loads (75%, 50% and 10%) compared with the morphology of the soot particles from diesel fuel (B0). The FTIR spectra of the B75 fuel exhibited the characteristic regions of oxygen bonds. Compared to the B0 fuel, the increased oxidation from the excess oxygen in the B75 fuel reduced the size and number of soot particles. It was also verified that the degree of unsaturation was related to the oxygen content of the B75 fuel. The FTIR spectra of the B75 fuel showed a C = O tensile band methyl ester in 1734 cm(-1) and C-O bands at 1214-1362 cm(-1). Furthermore, similar FTIR spectra were seen for the diesel fuel (B0) and the B75 fuel. The results showed a significant reduction in soot particle emissions with the WCO-diesel blend. The results of this research have enabled a better evaluation of the effects of different fuel usage on diesel engine combustion performance and emission characteristics.