2017 Cilt 11 Sayı 33

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/20086

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The importance of saffron plant in Afghanistan's agriculture
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-12-14) Moradi, Mohammad Masoud; Turhan, Şule; Ziraat Fakültesi; Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü
In Afghanistan, about 80% of the country's population is engaged in agriculture. Therefore, agriculture has a very important place in the country's economy. As in other agricultural crops and products in recent years, the production of saffron plants is closely affecting the economy of the country. Saffron plant is also called the red gold in the country, because it is economically very important and expensive plant. Production and trade of saffron plant is taking place in different parts of the world, especially in countries like Greece, Turkey, Spain, Iran, India, Afghanistan, Morocco. More than 90% of production takes place in Iran. This important plant has been known in Afghanistan since ancient times, and production is done even if it is in a small amount. In 2002, saffron production became more important again and production started. Production is rapidly increasing as a result of the support provided by various national as well as international institutions and organizations in Afghanistan. Now saffron plant is recognized as an alternative to poppy. Nowadays saffron production takes place in almost everywhere in the country. About 5-6 tons of saffron is being produced annually in the Herat region of Afghanistan.
Microbiological monitoring of olive fermentation process of Gemlik type dry-salted black olives and investigation of the effect of pasteurization on the product’s shelf life
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-11-17) Alak, Sibel; Uylaşer, Vildan; Ziraat Fakültesi; Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü
In the present research, the microbiological changes that occurred during the fermentation process of traditionally produced Gemlik style dry-salted olives, locally known as “sele”, were monitored. Following the fermentation process, microbiological, chemical and organoleptic changes were investigated for the products which were stored at room temperature for a period of 6 months after various pasteurization processes (non-brined, oiled and non-oiled). At the initial stages of fermentation, microbial flora consisted of molds and lactic acid bacteria, and in the following stages no presence of lactic acid bacteria could be detected. None of Gemlik style dry-salted (sele) olive samples contained coliform bacteria. During the storage period, the highest total bacteria count (1,2x105 cfu/g) was detected in the control-oiled group and the lowest total count (10 cfu/g) was observed in the pasteurized non-oiled group. The samples within the control group exhibited mold growth, whereas the pasteurized samples rarely exhibited yeast/mold growth. Throughout the storage period, dry matter, pH, total acidity, protein, oil content and oleuropein (absorbance) values of samples were monitored, and no significant change was observed among the sample groups. In general, all samples were relished according to the organoleptic evaluation results conducted after fermentation and throughout the storage period. However, with their attractive appearance, oiled group Gemlik style dry-salted (sele) olives were preferred at higher rates compared to non-oiled samples with dull appearance. Additionally, the slightly rancid taste of oiled group samples towards the end of the storage period, received adverse opinions of some of the panelists. Saltiness values, on the other hand, were found to be at normal levels.
Relationships between body condition score in dry-off, calving or different lactation days and selected reproductive parameters in dairy cows
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-11-17) Kara, Nurcan Karslıoğlu; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Ziraat Fakültesi; Zootekni Bölümü
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between body condition score in dry-off, calving or different lactation days and selected reproductive parameters in dairy cows. In this study, body condition scoring (using a 5-point scale with quarter-point divisions) was performed on 130 Holstein dairy cows in six period included dry-off (BCSD), calving (BCSC), days in milk (DIM) 70, 140, 210 and 280 (BCS70, BCS140, BCS210, BCS280) and analyzed its relationships with selected reproductive parameters (calving interval [CI], calving to first service [CFS], calving to conception interval [CCI] and service per conception [SC]). The relationships among the BCS assessment periods, the relationships between the difference of BCSD and BCS70 (BCSD-70) with BCSD and BCS140 (BCSD-140) and calving to first service (CFS) were found important (P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively). Also, the relationship between CFS and calving interval (CI) and average BCS (BCSavg) during lactation were found important (P<0.01, P<0.05). While the relationship with dry-off and calving and selected reproductive parameters was not found to be statistically important, an important relationship was found between BCS70 and CFS, CI (P<0.01, P<0.05), BCS140 and BCS210 with CFS (P<0.01, P<0.05). When the effect of the determined relationships were assessed, the effects of BCS70 and BCS140 on CFS were found important (P<0.05, P<0.01). As a conclusion, it can be said that optimum BCS interval in DIM70 and DIM140 are 2.0< BCS70 ≤ 3.5 and 2.0< BCS140 ≤ 3.75; respectively for minimum CFS. Also in considering the possible negative effects of BCS loss in early lactation on reproductive performance, the optimum BCS interval in calving has been determined to be 2.25≤ BCSC ≤ 3.25 for minimum condition loss in postpartum in this study.
Welfare and biosecurity in sheep farms: Case study: Bursa province
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-10-05) Altınçekiç, Şeniz Öziş; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Ziraat Fakültesi; Zootekni Bölümü
This study intends to put forth observation and survey results with respect to analysis on characteristics of animal welfare and biosecurity in sheep farms of Bursa province, Turkey. The farms were divided in three groups: small-size farms (50 to 100 head), medium-size farms (101 to 150 head) and large-size farms (above 151 head). Biosecurity is a new concept to farms; nevertheless, breeders showed various accurate approaches regardless of the size of farm and despite the relative ignorance about the issue. According to hereby study, assessment on certain structural and production characteristics of farms with regard to animal welfare and biosecurity revealed that they were insufficient but open for improvement in terms of husbandry and management practices, maintenance and administration practices, sanitation and structural characteristics.

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