2021 Cilt 15 Sayı 43

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/27324

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Determination of enteric methane emissions from cattle production by using Tier-2 method
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-08-09) Yaylı, Büşra; Kılıç, İlker; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
Livestock farms are known to be important greenhouse gas producers. Especially in the agriculture sector, the most important sourceof anthropogenic methane (CH4) emission is ruminant animals. In recent studies of dairy cattle, it is noted that most of the formation of CH4 gas occurs as a result of enteric fermentation. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the CH4 emissions resulting from enteric fermentation of cattle during the 2004-2020 period in Turkey. The Tier-2 method adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used adopted for data generation and calculation of emission factors for the calculation of CH4 emissions forenteric fermentation in cattle. Based on the study results, the required gross energy (GE) value and enteric fermentation emission factors (EF) were calculated according to cattle sub-categories. It has been observed that methane gas emission from cattle as a resultof enteric fermentation has followed a fluctuating course in the last 16 years in Turkey. Methane emissions of 541 kT to 907 kT CH4gas emissions were calculated. Methane emission can be suppressed by changes made in feed rations, added oil and various additivesto reduce methane emissions in the rumen. In addition, breeding high yielding species with low methane production is one of the strategies that can reduce methane formation.
Efficiency and cost-effectiveness of weed flaming in orchards
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-08-23) Tursun, Nihat; Arslan, Selçuk; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
The objective of this study was to determine the response and cost of weed flaming in different fruit orchards. Six different propane doses (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 kg ha-¹) were applied to determine the response of 6 dicotyledon and 3 monocotyledon weed species toflaming in apricot, walnut, and mixed fruit orchard. Dose-response relationships were determined using log-logistic model for 50%, 80%, and 90% control rates at 1, 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT) at 2–4, 6–8 and 10–12 leaf (L) growth stages. Flaming at early stage of weed growth (2–4 L) resulted in 90% control of all dicotyledon weeds at 14 DAT with propane doses ranging from 35.0 to 65.8kg ha-¹, while this range was from 28.6 to 54.9 kg ha-¹ at 80%, suggesting approximately 15–20% less propane use for 80% weed control compared to 90% control. Monocotyledon weeds were resistant to thermal stress even at 2–4 L stage and could be controlled at 14 DAT with propane dose from 125.7 to 210.9 kg ha-¹ at 90% control rate and 74.6 to 133.4 kg ha-¹ at 80% control rate. The cost of weedflaming was compared to the spraying application using partial budgeting method. Flaming costs (30.6 and 34.4 $ ha-¹) for dicotyledonweeds at 80% and 90% weed control rates were comparable to herbicide application at 2-4 L stage, whereas flaming was found costly than chemical spraying at other growth stages for any weed species.
The importance of interview on the land consolidation projects: The case study in Kesik Village
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-08-23) Kirmikil, Müge; Terzioğlu, Bilge; Durgut, Aleyna; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
Land consolidation practices are the most effective method applied to solve the problem of land fragmentation in our country, as in many countries of the world. However, it is an essential tool of rural development that aims to improve the forms of parcels and provide agricultural infrastructure services to increase production in agriculture and ensure the well-being of rural residents. As part of land consolidation projects, one-on-one interviews are conducted with land owners (participants) who have a parcel in the project area. Theinter view study is essential to obtain up-to-date in the formation, such as the use cases of parcels in the project area, the presence offixed facilities, the characteristics of parcels, and the operating conditions. By interviewing all participants in the project area separately, preferences are taken for the new location of each parcel in response to the parcels they have. When receiving thesepreferences, their ans wers should be taken with care by asking special quests, such as where and how the new parcels will be, whetherthey want to divide or merge the parcels if they are shares. This stage is critical, as all the wishes, arrangements, and personal thought sare expected within the scope of land consolidation are determined in the interview. It is unlikely that the first request of participant swill always be fulfilled. Balancing blocks in a single-request deployment may not be possible. Therefore, especially from participantswith more than one parcel, second and third requests must be received. Interview work is a crucial stage that affects the success of the project. For this reason, the interview work should be carefully applied by the project engineers to reflect complete, up-to-date, andaccurate information. However, due to the interview work performed wit hout due care, the special situations indicated by theparticipant in the interview can be ignored, which negatively affects the duration of the project. In this study, data from the landconsolidation project carried out in Kesik village of Yeşilhisar District of Kayseri province were used. It was found that the number of parcels in the project area before land consolidation was 2136, while after land consolidation, this number fell to 1562 parcels. The interview participation rate in the study is 88%. However, 65% of those polled had a single choice. As a result of the preferences, 238 parcels belonging to 137 enterprises were not distributed to their preferences, the interviews of these parcels were examined, and the reasons were examined. The results of the interviews were interpreted to reveal the importance of the interview studies.
Treatment of ammonia from animal barns by using biofilter
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-08-09) Kılıç, İlker; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
As a result of intensive animal production, decomposition of manure due to various microorganism activities, and metabolic activities of the animal, many gases, especially ammonia, are released. These gases are thrown into the atmosphere cause many environmentalproblems. This study, it was aimed to treat ammonia originating from animal barns by biofilter. In the study, tree bark, compost, and sawdust were used as biofilter materials. These biological materials were mixed in specific proportions, brought to 80% moisture content, and placed into the biofilter. Ammonia was introduced into the biofilter filled with biological material. Ammonia concentrations in the air leaving the biofilter were measured at nine points by placing multiple gas meters on the front of the biofilter. Moisture content, dry matter content, pH, salinity, and temperature values were determined by taking samples from the biofiltermaterial before and after treatment. According to the study results, the highest treatment efficiency was 98.4% at the first measurement point and the lowest treatment efficiency with 89.4% at the sixth point. An average of 94% treatment efficiency wasachieved at all measurement points. As a result of the analyzes, it was observed that the pH and temperature values of the biofiltermaterial did not change significantly before and after the treatment. However, the salinity values changed significantly. In the lightof ammonia treatment rates, it can be said that the biofilter developed in this study is useful for animal barns. But biofilter is open to improvement using new biofilter materials.

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