2017 Cilt 31 Sayı 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/2472

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    The effect of batch drying at different temperatures on seed germination, physical, and seedling properties of paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-03-20) Erdoğan, Hilal; Işık, Eşref; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.
    The aim of the present study was to determine some physical properties, drying time, energy consumption, the effects of batch drying at different temperatures on seed germination, and seedling characteristics of paddy cultivar Osmancik-97, which is grown extensively in Turkey. Paddy seeds, which were dried at different temperature values (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C), were dried to 14%, with initial moisture content 25% (w.b.). The average length, width, and thickness measurements of rice seeds decreased with the decrease in moisture content. Width, height, thickness decreased by 14- 1.78-1.42%, respectively. Surface area, arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, static friction coefficients on aluminium, stainless steel, galvanized iron, and rubber reduced with reducing moisture content. The highest static coefficient of friction for harvesting and storage moisture content was determined on the rubber surface and the lowest surface was determined as aluminium. Drying time, germination percentage, radicle and seedling weights, radicle and seedling lengths of Osmancık-97 paddy seeds dried in 4 different (50, 60, 70, 80 degrees) hot weather conditions were determined. Drying times were 691, 593, 495, and 478 minutes, respectively, with germination percentages of 96.0, 90.0, 87.3, and 68.7. The radicle and seedling weights of paddy seeds were found as 1.19-1.69, 1.09-1.65, 1.05-1.48, and 0.69-0.95 g respectively, and the radicle and seedling lengths were found as 106.8-81.8, 98.6-81.6, 92.8-78.7, and 75.7-70.9 mm respectively. Besides, we found that the dry seedling weight of paddy was 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, and 0.09 g at air of 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C, respectively. In the current study, the drying at 80 °C was reduced seed viability and seedling vigour but found to be the least energy consumption; consequently, the drying at 50 °C was determined to be the highest for energy consumption.
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    Poultry manure biochar reduces arsenic induced oxidative stress and arsenic levels in rice plants
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-03-03) Sahin, Ozge; Taskın, Mehmet Burak; Kaya, Emre Can; Taskın, Havva
    The effectiveness of biochar on mitigating excessive arsenic (As) accumulation by rice plants was investigated. The treatments were as follows: control, 60 mg kg-1 As (As applied from NaAsO2) and 60 mg kg-1 As + 20 g kg-1 biochar. Biochar application to As contaminated soil enhanced the dry weight of rice plants. Dry weight of rice plants decreased by 60 mg kg-1 As treatment compared to control. Application of As increased As concentration of rice plants while 20 g kg-1 poultry manure biochar supply to the As contaminated soil significantly decreased the As concentration. Arsenic toxicity induced H2O2 accumulation however the application of biochar reduced H2O2 concentration of plants. Catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities significantly increased by biochar. Arsenic significantly increased N, S and Zn while decreased Cl, Fe, Cu and Mn concentration of plants. Biochar treatments significantly increased N, P, K and S concentrations of the plants as compared to control and As treated plants. It can be concluded that poultry manure biochar can be used for the prevention of As accumulation in rice plants.