Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi / Uludağ Bee Journal

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    Foraging activity and role of stingless bee Tetragonula Iridipennis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in bitter gourd
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-08-14) Narmadha, Kamatchi Murali; Saravanan, Pernamallur Ayyaswami; Umapathy, Govindasamy; Velmurugan, Muthusamy
    In the bitter gourd cropping system, honey bees are the primary pollinators. In southern India, a field study was conducted at Coimbatore district at 10˚ 58̍ 46.164̎ N latitude and 76˚ 55̍ 53.562̎ E longitude, to record the foraging activity and pollination efficiency of the stingless bee Tetragonula iridipennis in bitter gourd. Bee foraging activity was recorded separately in male and female flowers, with the number of foragers/flower/min, and fruit set and yield were assessed under three different conditions: pollinator exclusion, bee pollination and open pollination. The abundance of pollinators and foraging rate of stingless bees observed on male flowers was 1.71 bees/ flower/ minute and flower handling time in seconds (37.86 sec) was higher than female flowers (1.22 bees / flower/ minute) and (25.73 sec), respectively. The peak foraging activity of stingless bees was observed between 08:00-10:00 hours with 3.30 bees/ 5 mins. The pollination efficiency index of stingless bees in bitter gourd flowers was 41600 pollen grains. The foraging activity of bees at the hive entrance was at its peak from 08:00 to 10:00 hours. T. Iridipennis colony growth parameters showed increased honey sealed area of 1464.5 g and brood development. The experiment results showed that yield was higher in the managed bee-pollinated condition in terms of the number of fruits/plant (18.2 fruits) and fruit yield per hectare (44.08 t/ha) than in the open-pollinated condition (16.5 fruits) and (38.30 t/ha), and with pollinators excluded, no fruit set was recorded.
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    Foraging activity of managed bee pollinator (Apis cerana indica) in bitter gourd cropping system in india
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-10-17) Murali, Narmadha Kamatchi; Ayyaswami, Saravanan Pernamallur; Govindasamy, Umapathy; Muthusamy, Velmurugan
    Honey bees play an important role in crop pollination of bitter gourd flowers. An experiment was conducted at Coimbatore District to observe the foraging activity and pollination efficiency of Indian bee (A. cerana indica) in Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). The foraging activity and number of foragers/ flower/ min was recorded in male and female bitter gourd flower. Bitter gourd fruit set and yield was assessed under three conditions pollinator exclusion, bee pollination and open pollination. No. of foragers/ flower/ minute (abundance of pollinators) and floral handling time in seconds (foraging rate) of Indian bees recorded on male flower (0.88 bees) and (6.52 sec) was higher than in female flower (0.57 bees) and (3.61 sec) respectively. The peak foraging activity of A. cerana indica noticed between 08:00-10:00 hours with 1.2 foragers/ 5 mins. Pollination efficiency index of Indian bee was 747035.5. Foraging activity at the hive entrance was maximum at 08:00 to 10:00 hours. Colony growth parameter of A. cerana indica was increased 67.85% in respect of the sealed honey area and 15.07% in respect of the adult population. The results of pollination studies show, the number of fruits/plant (17.4 fruits) and fruit yield per hectare (41.13 t/ha) was higher in managed bee pollinated plot than to open pollination condition (16.2 fruits) and (37.25 t/ha) and no fruit set was recorded in pollination exclusion condition.
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    Foraging ecology and abundance of native pollinators in bitter gourd
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-08-30) Narmadha, Kamatchi Murali; Saravanan, Pernamallur Ayyaswami; Umapathy, Govindasamy; Velmurugan, Muthusamy
    An experiment is conducted in bitter gourd cropping system at Coimbatore district in India, to study bitter gourd floral character, the foraging ecology of native pollinators and their modes of pollination. Bitter gourd is a monoecious plant bears separate male and female flowers. Male flower blooms early followed by female flowers. Stigma receptivity of pistillate flowers was confirmed on 4th day old flower showed yellowish-green stigma with shining stigmatic exudation. The stigma receptivity lasts up to 24 hours after anthesis. Pollen viability test done with 2 per cent acetocarmine solution indicated that pollen collected during morning hours (06:00 h) were more viable and were deeply stained, whereas pollens collected at evening hours (17:00 h) remained unstained and considered as nonviable. The foraging activities of Apis cerana indica Fabricius and Tetragonula iridipennis begin at 06:00 h and 06:30 h respectively and ceased by evening 17:00 h. T. iridipennis foragers spent more time in pollen collection (31.1 seconds/ flower) and nectar collection (26.14 seconds/ flower) whereas, A. cerana indica spent less time in pollen collection (8.62 seconds/ flowers) and nectar collection (3.56 seconds/ flower) respectively. A total of 17 pollinator species belongs to four orders viz., Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera have been documented and grouped based on their mode of foraging in bitter gourd flowers.