Person: SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL
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SALİHOĞLU
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NEZİH KAMİL
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Publication Incorporation of solar-heated aeration and greenhouse in grass composting(Springer, 2021-01-26) Poblete, Rodrigo; Salihoğlu, Güray; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021Composting is an environment-friendly method for recycling organic waste, and incorporation of heat and aeration can enhance favorable conditions for microbial growth in the process. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the introduction of solar heat and aeration to the waste grass exposed to the composting process. The compost piles studied were subjected to different processes: application of solar-heated aeration, only-aeration, solar heating with a greenhouse, and control. Solar-heated air was introduced to a compost pile of grass clippings and compared with a greenhouse compost system. The composting process of 70 days was monitored for temperature, oxygen, moisture, organic matter loss, and humification rate. Germination index has been used to evaluate the maturation of the composts produced. The highest temperature was obtained at the compost pile with the greenhouse. This system reached the highest temperature (68.2 degrees C) on day 15; the ambient temperature on that day was 20.6 degrees C. The decreases in the C/N ratios after day 70 of composting were 20% and 15% for the greenhouse and the system where solar-heated air was introduced, respectively. Although the temperature of the solar-heated air was higher than that of the greenhouse, thermophilic temperature levels could not be reached in the aerated compost pile, which indicated a cooling effect of excessive aeration even with the heated air. Composting of grass clippings resulted in a decrease in organic matter content and enhancement in seed germination and root growth, obtaining high GI levels, inferring no phytotoxicity. This study showed that composting of grass clippings with low C/N ratios and high humidity can still be possible by using solar energy.Publication Life cycle assessment for municipal waste management: Analysis for Bursa(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2019-01-01) Salihoğlu, Güray; Poroy, Zehra; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Poroy, Zehra; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9413-2021; AAG-9399-2021; DLX-7345-2022Solid waste management model of the city of Bursa that responds to the waste management needs of the city creates a burden on the environment, like every other activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental burden arising from municipal solid waste management in Bursa and to determine the necessary steps to be taken to reduce this. Environmental burden was analyzed by using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and landfill gas impact modeling. Municipal waste management steps, namely collection and transport, transport to transfer station, landfilling, energy conversion from landfill gas, were included into the system boundaries in LCA. SimaPro 8.5.0 software was used for the LCA study, and EPA LandGem model was employed for the assessment of the impact by landfill gas. The findings of the study showed that the emissions reduced by the landfill gas to energy plant in one year is approximately 0.5 million ton CO2 equivalent, and the contribution of municipal waste, which is mainly managed by landfilling, to the global warming in one year is approximately 44 million ton CO2 equivalent. The approximate contribution of municipal waste management to smog formation was calculated as 55 million ton O-3 equivalent, the contribution to depletion of ozone layer was 647 kg CFC-11 equivalent, and to carcinogenic substance formation was 22.5 CTUh. Its inhalation impact was found as 1732 ton PM10 equivalent.Publication Assessment of waste sludge changes during solar drying(Gh Asachi Technical Univ Iasi, 2020-11-01) Amin, Zeinab; Salihoglu, Nezih Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi; AAG-9413-2021This research presents the efficiency of an air-based solar drying system for providing comprehensive information on optimal management of the wastewater treatment plant sludge (WWTPs) by using renewable energy. The solar drying method was appropriate for utilizing facilities to remove ammonia and able to inactivate environmentally stable Escherichia coli (E. coli) microorganisms which were dropped at 2 logs CFU/gr. The thermal efficiency of the dryer was recognized under the realistic circumstance in summer when the outdoor peak solar radiation was 934 Wh/m(2), also, maximum and minimum indoor temperature varied between 62 degrees C to 14 degrees C. The main point of this research was to consider that 2312 Wh/m(2) internal cumulative solar radiation, 32 degrees C average internal temperature, and 58% average internal moisture were the leading factors to remove 1kg sludge moisture from 80% to below 10%. This study provides conditions for sludge drying by constructing a special design system for transferring intense hot air from tubes to the system and controlling internal temperature and humidity.Publication Optimization of the solar brine evaporation process: Introduction of a solar air heater(Wiley, 2019-05-01) Poblete, Rodrigo; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Salihoğlu, Güray; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-7730-776X; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021The purpose of this study was to investigate the evaporation process of reject brine by using a solar system. The solar system contained a solar still coupled with a solar air heater (SAH). Solar still had a heated base, which was connected to the solar collector with a copper pipe. The influence of the introduction of the SAH to the system and increased levels of air mass flowrates was investigated. Variations in temperature and solar irradiation were monitored as well as brine evaporation. Introducing the SAH and increasing the air mass flowrate resulted in faster brine evaporation, higher utilization rate of solar radiation, higher brine, and base temperature levels within the solar still compared to the system without the SAH. The mean base temperature of the system with the SAH was 43.46 +/- 11.3 degrees C, while that of the system without the SAH was 30.62 +/- 7.35 degrees C. The use of the SAH and high air mass flowrates influenced the temperature distribution within the solar still, which affected the evaporation of the brine in a positive way. Introduction of the SAH and high air mass flowrate increased the drying efficiency of the solar system at a level of 120%. (c) 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13062, 2019Publication Evaluation of free water removal from different sludge by solar energy utilization(Korean Soc Environmental Engineers, 2021-06-01) Amin, Zeinab; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Amin, Zeinab; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; CBN-0935-2022; AAG-9413-2021The purpose of this research was to provide basic information about the conditions required for the drying of three types of sludge to reduce the problems associated with sludge disposal. By designing an integrated drying system, as a simple technology with paraffin-wax (phase change material), the drying efficiency was investigated with few possibilities for waste sludge management. According to the study by providing 1,880 Wh/m(2), 1,671 Wh/m(2), and 2,051 Wh/m(2) cumulative solar radiation, within 7 h. respectively for wastewater treatment plant sludge (WWTPs.) and paint sludge, free water was released and marble sludge dried completely. The average internal temperature and moisture are the main factors for minimizing the sludge mass and volume and the heat transfer rout between the solar dryer equipment was observed. Water removal from the sludge caused the porous structure of the WWTPs. and paint sludge surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to statistical analysis the goodness of the curve fit was evaluated using the R-square and root mean square error (RMSE) for all three sludge types. By solar drying a large volume of sludge water was removed for easy transporting and prepared for the subsequent waste disposal operation.Publication Analysis of solar dryer efficiency to improve waste sludge management(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020-01-01) Amin, Zeinab; Salihoglu, Nezih Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.In this study, the optimal use of renewable solar energy and evaluation of the function of a solar dryer system with phase change material (PCM) for drying of wastewater treatment plant sludge is considered. Drying efficiency can he improved by providing specific internal conditions. The thermal efficiency of the drying system was investigated in the autumn when the intensity of the solar radiation decreased. In this research, in September. October and November, respectively, by providing 2429, 2277 and 2223Wh/m(2) internal cumulative solar radiation waste sludge water easily removed. In this season, the mean external solar radiation was 422 +/- 24.2 Wh/m(2) and maximum radiation was 623 Wh/m(2), as well as temperature, humidity and time factors are affected the system performance by transferring heat to sludge. The sludge moisture content decreased from 80% to 8.8%, 18.7% and 27.9% respectively. The porous surface created in the sludge after drying was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In fact, solar energy is a convenient economic method by reducing sludge waste volume.Publication Recycling of sewage sludge incineration ashes as construction material(Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2020-01-01) Yiğit, Berna; Salihoğlu, Güray; Mardani-Aghabaglou, Ali; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Özen, Süleyman; Yiğit, Berna; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; MARDANİ, ALİ; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; 0000-0003-0326-5015; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; AAJ-6415-2021; C-7860-2015; EHO-7411-2022Sewage sludges that are originating from the municipal wastewater treatment plants of Bursa city have been incinerated with a fluidized bed reactor of 400 tons/day capacity since 2017. Each month, on an average, 615 tons of ash is generated as a waste of the incineration process, which needs disposal. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the sludge incinerator ash can be recycled as a construction material. Stabilization/solidification (S/S) and geopolymerization technologies were applied to the sludge ash with this aim. Portland cement, fly ash from a coal-fired power plant, and marble sludge were used as binders. S/S samples were activated with water, while geopolymer samples were activated with 8MNaOH and NaSilNaOH solutions. The prepared paste samples were air-cured for 28 days and analyzed for compressive strength and heavy metals leaching. S/S samples containing sludge ash yielded a compressive strength level of 21.8 MPa, while geopolymer samples resulted in a compressive strength level of 50.0 MPa. Higher compressive strength levels of several samples containing waste sludge ash than that of the control samples without waste were noticed. Leaching tests showed that heavy metals leaching from the samples prepared with sludge ash were much lower than the legal limit values for toxicity. Both leaching tests and compressive strength tests showed that sludge ash has the potential to be considered as a construction material.Publication Microwave heating analysis of waste sludge(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015-01-01) Süle, Okan; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; SÜLE, OKAN; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; AAH-1229-2021; AAG-9413-2021Sludge management is a major high-cost component for the operation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Microwave drying (MWD) can be considered as an option to reduce the total costs of sludge disposal. Microwave drying of a waste sludge originated from a biological nutrient removal plant (BNR -modified 5 Stage Bardenpho (R)) was investigated in this study. Mechanically dewatered sludge samples with 18% dry solids (DS) content were studied by using a multimode microwave applicator, with a 1kW, 2.45 GHz microwave (MW) source. Experiments were carried out under different power conditions (400-1000 W) using the same sludge mass (90 g., 18% Dry Solids). The full-wave electromagnetic fields were also simulated by using Ansoft HFSS software. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results and the results were found to be compatible. It was found that the temperature of the sludge increased as the microwave power applied increased, and that the highest temperature levels were obtained at the top of the sludge samples. Microwave heating of the sludge was found to be quicker and less expensive than conventional electric heating.Publication Marble sludge recycling by using geopolymerization technology(Asce-amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2018-10-01) Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Salihoğlu, Güray; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021The purpose of this study was to investigate the recycling potential of marble sludge, which is generated from the cutting and grinding of marble. Geopolymerization technology was applied to this aim. Waste marble sludge was combined with cement, fly ash, clay, gypsum, and blast furnace slag in different combinations to prepare paste samples without aggregate. NaSilNaOH and 8M NaOH solutions were used as alkaline activators for geopolymerization. Samples were analyzed for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and the formulations yielding the highest UCS results were determined. The sample prepared using the NaSilNaOH solution and containing 25% fly ash, 25% cement, 25% blast furnace slag, and 25% marble sludge yielded the highest UCS level among the samples, 52MPa. The results of the study showed that marble sludge is a suitable material for geopolymerization purposes and yields high compressive strength compared to standard cement paste.Publication Microwave drying of automotive industry paint sludge(Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2018-10-01) Yenikaya, Sibel; Salihoğlu, Güray; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Yenikaya, Gökhan; YENİKAYA, SİBEL; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; YENİKAYA, GÖKHAN; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; KIE-8936-2024; EEJ-1855-2022The moisture content of process sludges generated by industries is an important problem affecting the cost and convenience of sludge management. Sludge can be dried to decrease its volume and reduce most of the moisture. This research analyzes the microwave drying process of water-based paint sludge from the automotive industry by investigating the influence of dielectric constant, sludge form (raw or ground), drying method (microwave and conventional), drying period, and air curing, and by conducting numerical modeling. The drying period of sewage sludge is also analyzed for comparison. The moisture losses range between 8 and 12% and between 26 and 31% for 5 and 10min microwave drying periods, respectively. The moisture losses obtained with conventional heating range between 0.2 and 1.2% and between 0.7 and 2.9% for 5 and 10min drying, respectively. Air curing of the samples following microwave drying results in a 3% increase in the moisture losses. Numerical modeling results show that the dielectric characteristics of the paint sludge might change during the drying process inside the oven and different chemical compositions of the sludges might lead to temperature changes during the drying process. By modeling the microwave oven, it is possible to determine the regions that can dissipate more heat without measuring, which is confirmed with the dissipated power density maps and electric field distribution obtained.