Person: DURAK, SELEN
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DURAK
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SELEN
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Publication Assessment of factors influencing walkability in shopping streets of tourism cities: Case of Bursa, Turkey(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2018-01-01) Arslan, Tülin Vural; Durak, Selen; Gebesce, Fatma Dizdar; Balçık, Belcin; VURAL ARSLAN, TÜLİN; DURAK, SELEN; Gebesce, Fatma Dizdar; Balçık, Belcin; Mimarlık Fakültesi; Mimarlık Bölümü; AAH-1934-2021; AAH-2914-2021; EXF-0709-2022; JKX-2982-2023Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the principal factors affecting walkability from the viewpoint of the inhabitants of Bursa. It is intended to discover whether inhabitants' conception of factors affecting walkability complies with the factors identified by the authors in regard to literature review.Design/methodology/approach Based on several studies about influencing parameters of walkability, three main factors - spatial, social, economic - can be specified affecting the desire to walk by the user. In the content of this study, a conceptual model is developed for the assessment of factors influencing walkability. In this study, two different analysis methods are applied: qualitative approach: observation survey; and quantitative approach: questionnaire survey. By utilizing the conceptual model, a questionnaire is prepared and applied to 200 pedestrians in three streets. Moreover, the questionnaire items were factor analyzed to explore the principal factors affecting walkability from the viewpoint of the inhabitants of Bursa.Findings In the literature review part, the factors affecting walkability are defined as accessibility, comfort and use, environmental aesthetics, safety and security and connectivity. However, as a result of the survey applied to pedestrians in Bursa, it has been revealed that the most important factors are Accessibility, Comfort and Use, Traffic Safety, Crime Security and Connectivity, excluding the factor Environmental Aesthetics.Originality/value There is a need for studies which assess the factors influencing the walkability in tourism cities in depth. Tourism potential in Bursa, Turkey, has raised since it has been inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2014. Therefore, walkability became one of the important issues in urban planning decisions for the streets in the historic city center in policies of the local government. The studies that assess the factors influencing walkability and the satisfaction of the pedestrians will open up new visions for urban decision makers. Within the scope of this study, existing historic city center in Bursa has been analyzed in terms of walkability.Publication Architecture as a tool for community building in two different Islamic cultures: Case of Masjid Pathok Negoro and kulliye(European Center Sustainable Development, 2019-01-01) Lionar, Mario Lodeweik; Arslan, Tülin Vural; Durak, Selen; Lionar, Mario Lodeweik; VURAL ARSLAN, TÜLİN; DURAK, SELEN; Mimarlık Fakültesi; Mimarlık Bölümü; 0000-0002-6125-400X; AAH-2914-2021; AAH-1934-2021; GCC-5810-2022Masjid pathok negoro is a particular type of mosque found in Yogyakarta, Indonesia; while kiilliye is a type of Islamic building complex established in the Ottoman Period of Bursa in Anatolia (modern Turkey). Both of them are neighbourhood-scaled architectures which were built not only for religious purpose but also to develop the social environment around them.This paper aims to compare and to analyse the similarities as well as the differences between masjid pathok negoros in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and the kalliyes in Bursa, Turkey. Both can be considered as architectures which act as tools for community building in each of their cultures. The main difference is that the kalliyes were used for the creation of new settlements in Ottoman Period of Bursa, while masjid pathok negoros were used for the enhancement of the already-established settlements in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta.Publication Reading the transformation of ottoman sultan complexes in bursa in urban and architectural scale since 19th century(European Center Sustainable Development, 2017-01-01) DURAK, SELEN; VURAL ARSLAN, TÜLİN; Fetullahoğlu, İpek; Mimarlık Fakültesi; AAH-2798-2021; AAH-2914-2021; AAH-1934-2021The first Sultan Complexes (kulliyes) of the Ottoman Empire, built in Bursa during the 14th and 15th centuries, played an important role in the formation of residential buildings around and in determining the main transportation axes in the development of the city. These five complexes, including social and religious buildings, left significant traces in cityscape until the 20th century, in addition to their spiritual values in urban history and became an integral part of urban identity. From the 20th century onwards, the developing dynamics of cities threatened the sustainability of monumental buildings and endangered their original identity. Bursa was included in UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 2014 with these complexes that preserved their authenticity and integrity in large despite these changes. However, high-rise buildings in the city began to dominate cityscape and the visibility of the complexes in the city skyline gradually disappeared. In this study, transformation of Sultan Complexes of Early Ottoman Period in Bursa has been analysed in terms of urban and architectural scales from the 19th century onwards. By comparing 1862 Suphi Bey map -the first city map including the most comprehensive information about the urban fabric of Bursaand the actual city map, changes in urban fabric around the complexes have been identified. In addition, comparison of the 19th century city photographs and engravings with actual photographs helped to reveal the changes in city skyline and the transformations in architectural scale.Publication Physical changes in world heritage sites under the pressure of tourism: The case of Cumalikizik village in Bursa(European Center Sustainable Development, 2019-01-01) ACAR BİLGİN, ELİF; Bilgin, Elif Acar; Arslan, Tulin Vural; VURAL ARSLAN, TÜLİN; Durak, Selen; DURAK, SELEN; Mimarlık Fakültesi; AAH-1934-2021; AAH-2812-2021; JCP-4412-2023; AAH-2914-2021Bursa, the first capital city of Ottoman Empire, was inscribed into UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014 with Khans Area, Sultan Complexes (Kulliyes) and Cumalikizik village representing the relationship between urban and rural areas of Early Ottoman Period. Cumalikizik Village is one of the most popular rural settlements in Bursa which maintains its urban fabric, road pattern, and traditional houses. Under the pressure of increasing tourism, traditional houses began to be used for commercial purposes with the interventions made by their owners which threatens the sustainability and preservation of their authenticity and integrity. This paper aims to determine the interventions in historic dwellings and courtyards due to tourism. For this purpose, three historic houses on the most visited sightseeing route starting from the village square, continuing along the nodes of the settlement following the mosque and the hammam (public bath) to examine the physical changes under the effect of tourism.Publication Adaptive reuse as a strategy toward urban resilience(European Center Sustainable Development, 2016-01-01) Aytaç, Deniz Özge; Arslan, Tülin Vural; Durak, Selen; VURAL ARSLAN, TÜLİN; DURAK, SELEN; Mimarlık Fakültesi; AAH-2914-2021; AAH-1934-2021The significance of urban development has been realized again while acute shocks and chronic stresses (earthquake or unemployment) affect cities in a negative way. Therefore, urban resilience becomes more important for economic, environmental, and social sustainability of the built environment. There is a wide range of approaches to resilience in the literature such as ecological, engineering, and adaptive systems. Unlike others, adaptive resilience establishes a co-evolutionary interaction between actors (existing building) and the system (external effects) that leads to a continual process on their adjustment. In relation to cities, built environment is also under a constant change. As the advent of new technology has changed buildings' use, some of them have faced obsolescence in physical, economic, functional, technological, social, legal, and political ways. The importance of time-based design over form-based design thinking has come to the fore. However, existing obsolete buildings could gain new functions and contribute to urban resilience and sustainability through adaptive reuse method. The purpose of this study is to provide assessment criteria for existing buildings' adaptive reuse potential in the context of resilient cities. Thus, the research incorporates Holling's resilience cycle (1986) and Schmidt III et. al's building layers and time concept (2009) for resilient adaptive reuse strategies.Publication Following traces of a public open space from 14th century: Bursa Orhan Gazi square in Turkey(European Center Sustainable Development, 2019-01-01) Satış, İmran; Durak, Selen; Arslan, Tülin Vural; Satış, İmran; DURAK, SELEN; VURAL ARSLAN, TÜLİN; Mimarlık Fakültesi; AAH-2914-2021; KHC-5639-2024; AAH-1934-2021In this study, the location, the significance and the physical and social changes of Orhan Gazi Square, which is one of the important public open spaces in Bursa, Turkey have been analyzed. It is aimed to reveal the phases that the square has experienced until it has reached today's practice of use. It is significant to uncover the historic traces of Orhan Gazi Square from past to present in order to understand its value and characteristics. By this research and evaluation, it is aimed to contribute to the projects in regard to the square to be developed in the future considering its physical and social sustainability. In order to support the claims given in the study, several maps showing the development of construction activities and the square during different periods have been reorganized through the use of existing maps. In addition, old photographs from several archives and photographs showing the actual condition of the square have been used. Although the idea of rearranging the Orhan Gazi Square has remained on the agenda, it is considered that there is no need to make any radical interventions in the square. The city dwellers' changing needs can be met with small-scale arrangements and changes to be made on site.Publication Physical transformation process of an ottoman city skopje from tanzimat decree to 20th century(Trakya Univ Balkan Yerlesesi Enstituler Binasi, 2018-07-01) Gönül, Alper; Durak, Selen; DURAK, SELEN; Mimarlık Fakültesi; AAH-1934-2021Conquered by the Ottomans in the 14th century, Skopje has always maintained its importance for the Ottoman Empire thanks to its strategic location in the Balkans. Before the Ottoman Empire, Skopje, a small city within the castle, showed a great improvement after Ottoman conquest with the building complexes (imarets) built in the east-west direction beside the castle and the housing units (neighborhoods) developing around these complexes. Although there was an intensive construction activity in Skopje in 15th and 16th centuries, 17th and 18th centuries were stagnation periods for architectural development of the city.19th century is a period in which radical changes occurred depending the acceptance of the Tanzimat Decree and the Westernization movements in the Ottoman Empire. These radical changes in the Ottoman Empire have been reflected to urban space and buildings of Skopje (depending on the importance given by the 11. Abdillhamid to the city).The purpose of this study is to examine physical changes in Skopje, one of the Ottoman cities where the city administration organizations started to establish after the Tanzimat Decree, from the mid 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century in the light of recent political, social and economic developments of the Ottoman Empire in that period.In the first part of the study changing process and Westernization of Ottoman Empire in the 19th century is elaborated represented. Moreover, in order to be able to comprehend more clearly the physical change that Skopje experienced during the 19th century and the general situation of Skopje before the Modernization is given over the map; thereafter spatial changes that took place depending on political, social and economic reasons is put forward. Finally spatial changes after the Tanzimat Decree are shown and interpreted over the 1914 Map of Skopje.Publication Significance of cultural heritage preservation in sustainable cultural tourism: Muradiye complex in Bursa, Turkey(European Center Sustainable Development, 2016-01-01) Durak, Selen; DURAK, SELEN; Yeke, Saliha Tupal; Arslan, Tulin Vural; VURAL ARSLAN, TÜLİN; Mimarlık Fakültesi; AAH-2914-2021; JMB-1340-2023; AAH-1934-2021Cultural tourism has become one of the important sectors of tourism in recent years with the growing awareness on cultural heritage. As being aware of the tourism potential of cultural heritage sites, policy makers pay special attention to preservation of these sites. However, the increasing number of visitors depending on the promotion of culture and history began to endanger the sustainability of heritage sites. In order to ensure the balance between preservation and utilization, researchers investigated the ways for welcoming large number of visitors without risking the sustainability.Bursa, as one of the recent UNESCO World heritage sites in Turkey, has a growing potential in terms of cultural tourism with its peculiar Ottoman urban pattern including building complexes called kulliyes. This situation caused an increase in the number of visitors. Muradiye Kulliye is one of the attracting places in Bursa in terms of its symbolic and historic characteristics including a mosque, a madrasa, a bath and the tombs of earlier Ottoman Sultans. This paper aims to describe the practices in terms of preservation for ensuring the sustainability of the complex.