Person: ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN
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ERTÜRK
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ÜMRAN
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Publication An unmanned aerial vehicle based artificial pollination in a frost-affected walnut(Ankara Univ, Fac Agriculture, 2023-01-01) Argaç, Adem; Koşar, Dilan A. H., I; SÖNMEZ, EKÜLE; AHI KOŞAR, DİLAN; Sönmez, Ekule; Ertürk, Ümran; ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; JCE-7775-2023The winter and spring frosts pose a significant problem in many walnut cultivation areas as frost damage to catkins and female flowers results in low fruit set and yield. In January 2021, the temperature dropped to-17.2 degrees C in Yenisehir, Bursa, an important walnut production area in North-Western Turkey. The present study was carried out to determine the natural frost damage on catkins of some walnut cultivars and the effectiveness of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) pollination, which has been developed and used in artificial pollination studies recently, on fruit set and fruit characteristics. For this purpose, two pollen concentrations (T1: 5% pollen two times; T2: 5% pollen in the first, 20% pollen in the second time) and the open pollination (control) were tested. Observations showed that frost damage on catkins varied from57.31% (Ronde de Montignac) to 99.33% (Franquette). The initial fruit set was significantly higher in the T1 (87.74%) followed by T2 (83.89%). The final fruit set in T2 (75.16%) was higher than the T1 (74.11%), but the difference was found to be insignificant. The box and whisker plot shows that UAV pollination treatments (T1, T2) increased the fruit set, although this not uniform on the tree compared to open pollination. The highest nut weight, thickness, and length were obtained from control, followed by T1. The results showed that the fruit set was higher in pollination with UAV, and using less pollen (T1) was sufficient for fruit set. The research results support the use of UAV treatment on supplementary pollination for walnut.Publication Effects of caprifig (Ficus carica var. caprificus) storage temperature and duration on the fruit productivity and quality of 'Bursa Siyahi' figs(MDPI, 2023-01-01) Ahı Koşar, Dilan; Ertürk, Ümran; AHI KOŞAR, DİLAN; ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü; JCE-7775-2023; AAG-7343-2021Caprification is the process of hanging caprifig fruits on edible fig trees to transfer the pollen inside the caprifig to the edible fig via the wasp (Blastophaga psenes) living in the caprifig. It needs to be repeated several times for the proper fruit set of edible figs. The present study was conducted to determine the change in the number of Blastophaga psenes, the duration of Blastophaga's exit, and pollen viability in case the caprifigs to be used in the caprification process are stored until use. The number of Blastophaga and in vitro pollen viability were tested at day 0 (harvest day) and after 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days of storage at three different temperatures (0, 4, and 8 degrees C). Afterwards, the effect of pollination frequency on the edible fig fruit set and quality was determined by using Blastophaga psenes as a vector in the pollination of stored caprifig fruits, pollinating five times with 4-day intervals and three times with 8-day intervals. Approximately a 50% reduction in the number of B. psenes was detected after 4 (180.22), 12 (174.11) and 16 (192.66) days of caprifigs storage at 0, 4, and 8 degrees C, respectively. The pollen germination percentage of the caprifigs increased with storage and was higher in those stored at 8 degrees C (43.96%) and 4 degrees C (41.70%). The highest fruit set was obtained when the caprifigs stored at 4 degrees C (76.41%) and 8 degrees C (71.38%) five times with 4-day intervals were used for pollination. The pollination practice repeated five times with 4-day intervals resulted in a lower proportion of extra-large fruits with a weight of >100 g, a higher proportion of fruits with no or slight ostiole damage and early ripening of fruits. These results suggest that B. psenes and pollen viability can be preserved by storing caprifigs at 4 or 8 degrees C and that fruit set and fruit characteristics would be positively affected with the use of stored caprifigs in the pollination practice repeated five times with 4-day intervals.Publication The effects of rootstocks on growth and development of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. cv. "Kutahya") in the growing conditions of Bursa(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023-01-01) KOŞAR, MEVLÜT BATUHAN; Koşar, Mevlüt Batuhan; Koşar, Dilan A. H., I; AHI KOŞAR, DİLAN; Ertürk, Ümran; ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Orhangazi Yeniköy Asil Çelik Meslek Yüksekokulu.; JCE-7775-2023; AAH-1653-2021; AAG-7343-2021Turkey is one of the most important sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) producers in the world, mostly producing the cultivar "Kutahya." To date, no previous study published on the effects of clonal roodstocks on the growth and development, yield, and fruit quality of "Kutahya" sour cherry. Therefore, this study was carried out from 2015 to 2019 to determine the influences of SL-64, Piku 3, Maxma 14, CAB 6P and PHL-C rootstocks on vigor, yield, and fruit quality of "Kutahya" sour cherry cultivar in Bursa, Marmara Region, Turkey. The effects of rootstocks on blooming period, ripening time, trunk diameter, trunk cross-sectional area, pruning waste, fruit weight and volume, fruit stalk length, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH, and ripening index were evaluated. No sour cherry trees on CAB 6P and PHL-C rootstocks died throughout the study period whereas trees on SL-64 rootstock showed high mortality (87%) in the first year of the study. In general, CAB 6P rootstock promoted the highest vigor and annual and cumulative yield. Yield efficiency was the highest for PHL-C but it was not significantly different from that for CAB 6P. CAB 6P rootstock induced the highest fruit weight and volume whereas Maxma 14 rootstock induced the lowest. Moreover, CAB 6P tended to induce higher fruit stalk length whereas Piku 3 induced the lowest. The soluble solids content was the highest in fruit from trees grafted on Maxma 14 but without significant differences with those in fruit from trees grafted on other rootstocks. In general, CAB 6P and PHL-C rootstocks tended to induce higher titratable acidity. In light of the findings of this study, it is concluded that CAB 6P was the best-adapted rootstock and it is recommended for establishing orchards of "Kutahya" sour cherry in the Marmara region.Publication Effect of pollen sources on fruit set and quality of edible fig (Ficus carica L.) cv. 'Bursa siyahi'(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-napoca, 2022-01-01) ; AHI KOŞAR, DİLAN; KOŞAR, MEVLÜT BATUHAN; ORAN, SEYHAN; ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; JCE-7775-2023; AAH-1653-2021; AAG-7343-2021The caprification practice has been used widely in fig cultivation because it affects the yield and quality of fig fruits, a phenomenon known as the 'xenia effect'. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of pollen sources on fruit sets and fruit quality in the 'Bursa Siyahi' fig cultivar in 2017 and 2018. The eleven male genotypes and five cultivars were used as pollen source. The findings obtained in the present study showed that pollen sources significantly affected fruit set, early fruiting rate, fruit size, ostiole width, skin and flesh thickness, titratable acidity (TA), pH, and soluble solids content (SSC). The fruit set ratio varied from 32.02% ('16 03 06') to 76.66% ('16 08 07'), and fruit weight varied from 77.29 g ('16 03 06') to 106.88 g ('16 00 01') based on pollen sources. The ostiole diameter ranged from 3.84 mm ('16 ZF 08') to 7.67 mm ('77 00 01'). The skin thickness ranged from 3.01 mm ('Havran') to 5.35 mm ('16 00 01'). The principal component analysis was performed to distinguish the pollen sources for the 'Bursa Siyahi' cultivar. The analysis proposed that the most important factors affecting the fig quality can be reduced to five components. Fruit weight (0.958), skin thickness (0.810), flesh l* value (0.821), pH (-0.872), and SSC (0.836) value could be regarded as the characteristic indicators for PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5, respectively. The results showed that '16 09 10', '16 05 03', '16 08 07', and '16 08 12' pollen sources are adequate pollinators for the edible 'Bursa Siyahi' Ig.Publication The king fruit versus lateral fruit thinning effects on yield and fruit quality in apple(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2007-01-01) Mert, Cevriye; Ertürk, Ümran; Soylu, Arif; Öztürk, Özgür; MERT, CEVRİYE; ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN; Soylu, Arif; Öztürk, Özgür; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü.; AAH-3908-2021; AAG-7343-2021; HIA-5036-2022; JXW-4193-2024This research was conducted to determine the king versus lateral fruit thinning effects on yield and fruit quality of 'Elstar', 'Granny Smith', 'Starkrimson Delicious', 'Ultra Red', 'Topred', and 'Jonagold' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grafted on MM106 rootstock in 2002-2003. Removal of the king fruit (KFR) treatment partially increased the yield in 'Jonagold', 'Elstar', and 'Granny Smith' cultivars while the effects were different by years in 'Starkrimson Delicious'. Leaving of the king fruit (KFL) treatment gave better results in the 'Topred' cultivar, and similar effects were obtained from both treatments in 'Ultra Red' cultivar. Non-significant differences were obtained from both treatments with respect to fruit weight in the 'Topred', 'Starkrimson Delicious', 'Jonagold' and 'Granny Smith' cultivars. Leaving of the king fruit treatment increased the fruit weight significantly in 'Elstar' and 'Ultra Red' cultivars in 2002. The values of fruit flesh firmness (lb), total soluble solids content (%), pH, titratable acidity (%), total and invert sugar quantity (g/100 g(-1)) were not found to be significantly different between the treatments with a few exceptions. The 'KFR' treatment that removed the dominant effect of the king fruit can be recommended for the 'Elstar' and 'Jonagold' cultivars because this treatment increased the yield and did not decreased the fruit weight significantly in these cultivars except for 'Elstar' in 2002. On the other hand 'KFL' treatment can be recommended for the 'Granny Smith', 'Topred' and 'Ultra Red' cultivars. Although this treatment decreased the yield of 'Granny Smith' it increased the mean fruit weight 45.6-62.7 g in the two experiment years. 'Starkrimson Delicious' did not show clear response to the treatments. (C) 2007 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.Publication Investigation of phenological and pomological characteristics of some flatt peach and nectarine cultivars in Bursa (Türkiye) conditions(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Rektorlüğü, 2023-01-01) Koşar, Dilan Ahı; Koşar, Mevlüt Batuhan; Ertürk, Ümran; AHI KOŞAR, DİLAN; KOŞAR, MEVLÜT BATUHAN; ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Orhangazi Yeniköy Asil Çelik Meslek Yüksekokulu/Park ve Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü/Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Yetiştiriciliği Programı.; JCE-7775-2023; IWW-8383-2023; JWE-2701-2024Peach-nectarine is one of the widely cultivated cultivars in the world. As a result of breeding programs, new cultivars with different colors, textures, shapes, sizes , tastes have been developed. The cultivation of flat peach and nectarines from these cultivars has become important in recent years. The study was carried out between 2016-2018 to evaluate the performances of some flat peach and nectarine cultivars in Bursa ecology, which has an important position in the peach industry. In the study, Plane Ring, Plane Summer, Plane Gem, Plane Sun, Plane Delicious, Plane Silver, Plane Gold, Plane Super, Plane Star, Plane 222, Plane Top flat peach cultivars; Platerina 110 and Platerina 264 flat nectarine cultivars grafted on GF 677 rootstock were used. Phenological developmental stages, leaf curl prevalence rate and pomological characteristics of the cultivars were investigated. In the study Plane Ring and Plane Summer (June) cultivars were the earliest , Plane Top and Platerina 264 (August) were the last harvested. Leaf curl prevalence rate ranged from 25.0% (Plane Gold) to 76.7% (Platerina 264). Plane Sun gave higher values in fruit weight, fruit size and flesh/stone ratio, while Platerina 110 gave lower. Soluble solid content (SSC) of the cultivars were 13.3-18.1%; titratable acid content ranged between 0.20 , 0.68 (g 100ml-1); the ripening index varied from 23.0 to 82.2. When yield, fruit quality and disease prevalence were evaluated together in the study, Plane Silver cultivar came into prominence. In addition, although Plane Gold cultivar had lower yield, it gave positive results in terms of other quality criteria.Publication Physical and biochemical changes during controlled atmosphere (CA) storage of cv. Granny Smith(International Society Horticultural Science, 2003-01-01) Özer, Mecid Hakan; Akbudak, Bülent; Verlinden, BE; Nicolai, BM; DeBaerdemaeker, J; Ertürk Ümran; ÖZER, MECİD HAKAN; ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN; Akbudak, Bülent; Uludağ Üniversitesi; Verlinden, BE; Nicolai, BM; DeBaerdemaeker, J; AAH-4101-2021; AAG-7343-2021; EJP-0187-2022In order to determine the possibility of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage of apple (Malus communis L. cv. Granny Smith), two trials were carried out with the fruits taken from the same place during the successive two years. Following the harvest, fruits were transported to the cold storage and then they were stored in plastic cells of 120-L volume in which the inner atmosphere could be controlled. Having completed the precooling treatment, the fruit cv. Granny Smith were stored at 0+/-0.5degreesC and 90-95% relative humidity (RH) storage conditions under different CA combinations [(CO2%:O-2%) 0:21; normal atmosphere (NA)-control, 3:1, 3:1.5, 3:2 and 3:2.5]. After the storage period, they were kept at 20+/-2degreesC and 60-65% RH for 5 days so as to determine their shelf life. Some physical and biochemical analyses such as weight loss (%), respiration rate (Mg CO2/kg h), titratable acidity (TA) (%), pH, water soluble solids (WSS) (%), fruit flesh firmness (FFF) (lb), pectin esterase (PE) activity (ml/h), fruit skin colour (L, a, b) were conducted on samples which were taken at certain intervals during storage and shelf life periods. As a result, all CA applications were found better compared with the control application in cv. Granny Smith stored for 210+5 days. Among CA applications, 3:1.5 combination was determined to be better than the others.Publication The performance of some walnut (juglans regia) cultivars in the conditions of Bursa, Turkey(Galenos Publ House, 2023-01-01) Utku, Özlem; Ahi Koşar, Dilan; AHI KOŞAR, DİLAN; KOŞAR, MEVLÜT BATUHAN; MERT, CEVRİYE; Ertürk, Ümran; ERTÜRK, ÜMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Orhangazi Yeniköy Asil Çelik Meslek Yüksekokulu.; JCE-7775-2023; AAG-7343-2021The present study aimed to evaluate the pomological and phenological traits, as well as yield potential and incidence of external defects of some local ('Bilecik', 'Mara 12', 'Mara 18', 'Sebin', 'Sen 1') and foreign ('Chandler', 'Fernette', 'Fernor', 'Howard', 'Pedro', 'Serr') walnut cultivars grown in Bursa (north-west in Turkey) conditions between 2014 and 2020. The first leafing was observed in Mara 12, Serr, Sebin, and Mara 18 cultivars, while Fernette and Fernor were the last leafing cultivars. The female blooming period of the cultivars was recorded to be the longest in Mara 18 (15 days) and Sebin (16 days) and that was the shortest in Bilecik and Serr (10 days). The male blooming period was recorded as the longest in Chandler, Fernette, Bilecik, and Sebin (16-18 days) and that was the shortest in Mara 12 and Serr (10 days). The average yield per tree of cultivars ranged between 1.87 kg (Sebin) and 14.21 kg (Pedro). Walnut blight was observed on average in 15.85%, sunburn in 10.21%, codling moth in 5.11%, anthracnose in 3.23%, and bird damage in 2.35% of the fruits. The healthy nut percentage ranged from 40.06% (Sen 1) to 76.50% (Chandler). The nut weight of cultivars was between 9.91 g (Mara 12) and 16.27 g (Sen 1). Kernel percentage varied from 36.31% (Sen 1) to 53.56% (Mara 12). The principal component analysis conducted to distinguish the cultivars suggests that the most important factors could be reduced to five components. The results showed that Mara 12, Chandler, Fernor, and Howard were suitable cultivars for commercial cultivation in Bursa conditions.