Person: ÇELİK, HAKAN
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ÇELİK
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HAKAN
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Publication Assessment of heavy metal amounts of spinach plants (Spinach Oleracea L.) grown on cd and chicken manure applied soil conditions(Hard, 2021-01-01) Çelik, Hakan; Kunene, Sita Sanele; ÇELİK, HAKAN; Kunene, Sita Sanele; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü.; 0000-0003-4673-3843; Y-5968-2018; FVB-2987-2022Although some plants accumulate excessive metal and can grow without any toxic symptoms, the consumption of these plants by humans can be extremely inconvenient for their health. Increasing doses of Cd (0, 10, and 20 mg kg(-1) Cd) and chicken manure (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 kg da(-1)) were applied to the soil to evaluate the effects of cadmium and chicken manure on growth of spinach (Spinach oleracea L.) leaves and roots and on some heavy metal concentrations. Cadmium decreased the dry weight amounts of spinach both in leaves and in roots, decreased the amounts of Cd and also other heavy metals. The highest cadmium concentrations were determined at the second dose as 75.04 mg kg(-1) in leaves, and 162.17 mg kg(-1) in roots. Improved dry weight and decreased Cr, Pb, and Fe amounts were determined with chicken manure application. However it was not found proficient to decrease Cd which was found over the limits of WHO. Because of being highly toxic to humans, health-related limits of cadmium in soils, and in plants consumed by humans have to be carefully controlled in such conditions and the threshold limits must be changed.Publication Effects of iron fortification on growth and nutrient amounts of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)(Taylor & Francis, 2021-04-05) Şimşek, Olgun; Celik, Hakan; Şimşek, Olgun; ÇELİK, HAKAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü.; 0000-0003-4673-3843; 0000-0002-9229-4397; Y-5968-2018; FYB-0198-2022For observing the consequences of iron (Fe) fortified spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivars on growth and their uptake capability for the nutrient elements, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Iron doses of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mu M were applied to spinach cultivars in re-circulated hydroponic systems. Insufficient amounts of Fe has caused magnesium (Mg) accumulation in the roots and not only inhibited the translocation of Mg from roots to leaves but also reduced the up taken amounts of other nutrients. Increasing the doses of Fe, encouraged growth of the plants, aroused the yield of dry matter, SPAD values, and uptake of the nutrients of spinach leaves up to 120 mu M Fe doses (p < 0.01). However the effect of highest dose of Fe (150 mu M) was found negative. Fortification of spinach with Fe resulted as an accumulation of Fe, copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in the roots. Because of the contrary relations with the other nutrients, a special attention must be paid during fortifying the plants with iron.Publication Effects of cadmium and chicken manure on dry weight and some heavy metal amounts for healthy lettuce (Lactuca sativa l.) consumption(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021-01-01) Çelik, Hakan; Kunene, Sita Sanele; ÇELİK, HAKAN; Kunene, Sita Sanele; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi; 0000-0003-4673-3843; Y-5968-2018; DAS-4490-2022Although the plants might be grown without showing any toxicity symptoms in the soils having cadmium (Cd) concentrations within the permissible ranges, it may give harm to human health depending to its' metal concentrations and also to the consuming amounts. Regarding to analyse such problem, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cadmium and chicken manure on the dry weight amounts of lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.) leaves and roots and on some heavy metal concentrations, under Cd containing soil conditions. Increasing doses of Cd (0, 10, and 20 mg kg(-1) Cd) and increasing doses of chicken manure (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 kg da(-1)) were applied to soil. Although the applied Cd concentrations were within the maximum limits mentioned in various countries, increased the Cd concentrations both in the roots (68.50 mg kg(-1)) and in the leaves (39.52 mg kg(-1)) and found over the limits of WHO. It was observed that not only Cd but also Pb, Cr, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu were accumulated in lettuce roots rather than leaves without giving any chlorotic toxicity symptoms. However, decreased the dry weight amounts of lettuce both in leaves and in roots and also the amounts of other elements. The least leaf (6.43 g pot(-1)) and root (2.54 g pot(-1)) dry weight yield was obtained from the highest dose of cadmium (Cd2). Adding chicken manure to the soil under Cd improved the dry weight of the plants, and lessen the amounts of Cr, Pb, and the other micro nutrients but not found proficient to decrease Cd amounts. Because of health-related risks, there is a need to control and rearrangement for the limits of Cd in soils and in plants consumed by humans.Publication Consequences of Cd and chicken manure on growth and on some nutrient contents of spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea l.)(Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2021-01-01) Çelik, Hakan; Kunene, S. S.; ÇELİK, HAKAN; Künene, S. S.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversite/Ziraat Fakültesi/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Anabilim Dalı; 0000-0003-4673-3843; Y-5968-2018; DAS-4490-2022We aimed to determine the impact of cadmium (Cd) and chicken manure on dry weight (dw), Cd and some nutrient element concentrations of spinach plants, as well as their uptake. Cadmium doses of 0, 10, and 20 mg kg(-1), and 0, 5000, 10000, and 20000 kg ha(-1) chicken manure (CM) were applied to the soil in greenhouse conditions under randomized plots with three replicates. Cd doses elevated N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mg and Cd concentrations and also Cd uptake, but decreased the dry weight and the up-taken amounts of nutrient elements. Because of the severe root degradation, Cd uptake was found high in the leaves rather than roots. Adding chicken manure, improved dry weight and elevated the up-taken amounts of nutrient elements (p<0.01). However, it was observed that the applications could not lower the Cd concentrations below the WHO limits. Due to the fact that the plant nutrient concentrations are within the limits of sufficiency and there are no signs of toxicity in the plants despite the high Cd content, it may cause people to consume these plants unaware of the high Cd content and deteriorate their health.