Person: GENÇER, NİMET SEMA
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GENÇER
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NİMET SEMA
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Publication Effects of five essential oils on three generalist predators and two important whitefly parasitoids(Lithuanian Research Centre Agriculture & Forestry, 2023-01) Şen, Emre; Gencer, Nimet Sema; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; Şen, Emre; Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; IYS-3359-2023; EWK-9746-2022The experiment was conducted in the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University in October 2020 - May 2021. The aim of the study was to determine the toxic effects of five essential oils on five important biological control agents. The commercially obtained essential oils of carrot, wintergreen, ginger, wormwood, and clove were shown to be toxic to biological control agents Orius laevigatus, Nesidiocoris tenuis, Macrolophus pygmaeus, Encarsia formosa, and Eretmocerus eremicus in three doses: 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 v/v. After 3 hours, for the predator O. laevigatus, the most effective (100%) oils were wintergreen and clove oils, while for N. tenuis, the most effective were wintergreen (100%), wormwood (100%), and clove (97%) ones. After 24 hours, ginger oil showed a 95% mortality effect on M. pygmaeus. The parasitoids E. formosa and E. eremicus were less affected by the oils, only wormwood oil had a slightly deleterious effect on the parasitoids E. formosa and E. eremicus (mean 53% and 43%, respectively).Publication Studies on the gall characteristics of dryocosmus kuriphilus in chestnut genotypes in Yalova and Bursa provinces of Turkey(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-napoca, 2019-01-01) Gençer, Nimet Sema; Mert, Cevriye; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; MERT, CEVRİYE; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; AAH-3908-2021; EWK-9746-2022The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a global pest of chestnut (Castanea spp.). It has been spreading in Turkey's forests and orchards since 2014. This pest imposes a big threat to the Turkish chestnut industry, which is among the top producers in the world. Its gall morphology has been related to pest pressure and host cultivar, thus eventually modulating plant damage with heavy impact on growth and fruit production. We compared gall characters (position on plant organ, ratios, dimensions, volumes, number of larval chambers) in wild Castanea sativa, two local cultivars and a Euro Japanese hybrid. Overall, leaf galls were more common (55.36%), followed by the stem (19.6%) and leaf stipule galls (15.29%). The mean number of chamber and volume value of gall types were 1.52-5.93 and 0.43-2.15 cm(3), respectively. The highest values were observed in 'stem gall'. The more gall formation was observed in the wild chestnut trees and 'Marigoule' than the other local varieties.Publication Toxic effects of essential oils against bemisia tabac (gennadius, 1889) (hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its certain important natural enemies(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2023-03-01) Sen, Emre; Gencer, Nimet Sema; Gencer, Nimet Sema; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; Ziraat Fakültesi; IYS-3359-2023In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of five different commercially available essential oils; aloe vera, borage, cacao, horse chestnut and nettle seed oils against egg, nymphal and pupal stages of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and its important natural enemies namely, Encarsia formosa Gahan, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich, Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter, and Orius laevigatus Fiber. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions in 2021 at Bursa Uludag University, Turkey. The essential oil solutions were applied at %0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 doses and mortality rates were noted after 24, 48 and 72 hours of essential oils application. As a result, it was determined that the insect species most affected by the plant oils were the predators, the immature stages (egg, nymphal and pupal) of whitefly and the parasitoid species, respectively. Borage and horse chestnut oils showed high effects (100%) on predatory adults after 24 hours. It was determined that all N. tenuis and M. pygmaeus adults died after 48 hours in the trial. The egg, nymphal and pupal stages of B. tabaci were most affected by plant oils, respectively. B. tabaci eggs and pupal stages were the most affected from cacao oil with a mortality rate of 100%. Moreover, nymphal stage of B. tabaci was the most affected by horse chestnut oil with a mortality rate of 100% after 72 hours. Parasitized pupae were found to be the least affected individuals in the trial. Aloe vera oil was the least effective essential oil in the experiment. Eggs and nymphal stages of B. tabaci, O. laevigatus, E. formosa and E. eremicus were affected by aloe vera oil with mortality rates of 53.33%, 46%, 53%, 46% and 36%, respectively. Horse chestnut and cacao oils were harmful to the immature stages (egg, nymphal and pupal) of B. tabaci and all predator adults (M. pygmaeus, N. tenuis, O. laevigatus), but they had slightly harmful on parasitoid species in the experiment.Publication A preliminary account of the presence of pear decline in Marmara Region of Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2008-01-01) Cağlayan, K.; Serce, C. Ulubaş; Gazel, M.; Öztürk, H.; Cağlayan, K; Ertunç, F; Gençer, N. S.; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; Ziraat Fakültesi; Caglayan, K; Ertunc, F; 0000-0002-4381-4149Severe decline of pear trees cv. Deveci growing in Turkey has reached recently striking levels. Initial symptoms of affected trees were observed as reddening in autumn and sometimes quick decline in a few days. All the orchards exhibiting quick decline symptoms had severe attacks of pear psyllids (Cacopysilla spp). In the early autumn of 2005, six leaf samples, showing a diverse range of symptoms and 40 pear psyllids, collected from symptomatic pear trees by using an insect net, were tested by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses (PCR/RFLP). Universal phytoplasma primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R2 were used for direct and nested PCR assays, respectively. Nested-PCR products were digested with RsaI, SspI and MseI restriction enzymes. After digestion with restriction enzymes the digested products showed the same profiles as the pear decline (PD) reference phytoplasma restriction profiles. PCR and RFLP tests of pear samples collected from the commercial orchards of Bursa province indicated PD infection of local cv. Deveci pear trees as well as the presence of PD phytoplasmas in pear psyllids.Publication Effects of synthetic methyl salicylate and natural herbivore induced plant volatiles on aphids and predators in bean plants(Namik Kemal Üniversitesi, 2018-01-01) Gür, Faruk; Gençer, Nimet Sema; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; ; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; JGN-2829-2023Methyl salicylate (MeSA), which is released by plants after herbivore attack, not only attractant effect on natural enemies but also effect behaviour of pest arthropods. These compounds release by plants which is named herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In this study, the population of aphids and predators in synthetic MeSA applied and mite infected bean plants in order to naturally stimulate MeSA, linalol etc. release were investigated. This study was conducted in field conditions with three replicates and following treatments MeSA alone, MeSA+mite release, mite release and untreated control in both year 2011 and 2012. Vials include 2 ml MeSA were used in every plot and renew every week. Randomly selected 15 bean leaves from each plot were examined under stereomicroscope and aphids and predators were counted. In 2011 and 2012, aphid abundance of Control (0.76 +/- 0. 04; 2 +/- 0.2) and mite release (0.67 +/- 0.08; 0.17 +/- 0.02) plots were higher than MeSA (0.1 +/- 0.02; 0) and mite release+MeSA (0.1 +/- 0.02; 0.17 +/- 0.02) plots. In 2011 coccinellids were high in MeSA plots, Orius sp. and syrphids were high in mite release+ MeSA plots. In this study MeSA is not only repellent effect on aphids but also attractant effect on predators and improve the effectiveness of natural enemies in field. In future, MeSA could be used for the support of biological control against aphids in plant protection.Publication Farklı domates çeşitlerinde zararlılara karşı savunma yapıları olan trikom yoğunluğunun ve acylsugar konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesi(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-02-09) Gök, Narin; Özkan, Simge; Çobanoğlu, Sultan; KUMRAL, NABİ ALPER; AKBUDAK, NURAY; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü; 0000-0001-9442-483X; 0000-0003-2669-5667; 0000-0001-8053-5002Ülkemizde domates yetiştiriciliği ekonomik getiri ve beslenme yönünden önem arz etmektedir. Domates yetiştiriciliğindeki önemli sorunlardan biri zararlılar (böcek ve akar) nedeniyle yüksek ürün kayıplarıdır. Günümüzde bazı domates hastalıkları ve nematot zararlılarına karşı dayanıklı domates çeşitleri ruhsatlanmasına karşın; diğer zararlılara karşı dayanıklı tescilli çeşitler henüz kaydedilmemiştir. Domateslerde, böceklerin ve akarların zararına hatta biyolojik mücadele etmenlerinin aktivitesine karşı olumsuz olan unsurlardan biri de domatesin vejatatif organlarında bulunan keseli ve kesesiz trikomlardır. Kesesiz trikomlar bu canlıların vücudunu tahrip ederek olumsuz etki yaratırken; keseli trikomların içinde bulunan acylsugar’ın bunlar üzerinde zehir veya kaçırıcı etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bundan dolayı, bu çalışmada 49 domates çeşidinde bulunan trikom yapıları ve keseli trikomlardan salgılanan acylsugar konsantrasyonları araştırılmıştır. İncelenen domates çeşitlerindeki trikomların tiplerine göre yoğunluklarının saptanması zararlılara dayanıklı çeşitlerin belirlenmesi için temel bilgi sağlarken; aynı zamanda doğal düşmanların etkinliğini sınırlaması açısından da bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmada yaprak, sap ve dallarda tip IV ve tip VI keseli; tip III ve tip V kesesiz trikomların yoğunlukları tespit edilmiştir. Her bir vejatatif organ ayrı ayrı değerlendirildiğinde farklı trikom tiplerinin yoğunluklarının çeşitlere bağlı önemli düzeyde değişiklik gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ward’ın minumum varyans analizi metotuna göre her tipteki trikom yoğunlukları düşük, orta ve yüksek olarak kümelenmiştir. İncelenen çeşitler arasından bazılarının hem keseli hem de kesesiz trikom açısından düşük yoğunluğa sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Benzer istatistiki farklılıklar, keseli trikomlarda bulunan acylsugar içerikleri açısından da ortaya konmuştur.Publication The effect of illumination with different light wavelengths on the orientation of Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae)(Ege Üniversitesi, 2020-10-20) Burhan, Abdullah; Gençer, Nimet Sema; Burhan, Abdullah; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; AAH-3011-2021; EOQ-0700-2022In this study, the effect of illumination with different light wavelengths (red, green, yellow, blue, white and a dark control) on the orientation of the Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker,1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae) was investigated. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions in 2019 at Bursa Uludag University. In orientation trials, adult cockroaches were exposed to three different light illuminances (25, 250 and 2500 lux). The trials were conducted in six- and two-arm choice arenas. In each trial, three replicates and 100 individuals were used. The data obtained show that the sensitivity to the illumination with different wavelengths may increase depending on light intensity. In particular, in the six-arm and two-arm trial, in the experiment where blue light of 2500 lux intensity was applied, the cockroach orientation was the lowest at 0.9% and 1.8%, respectively. In general, the highest orientation was against the dark (control) chamber in all trials. In addition, under all lux values, the orientation to red light was higher than with green, yellow, blue and white light. As a result of this study, it has been determined that blue light may have a repellent effect on cockroaches, and red light may be more attractive than other wavelengths. These studies can be useful in the development of an alternative method of control to replace chemicals used against cockroaches that would be harmless to human health and the environment.