Publication: Feminist epistemoloji aracılığıyla “çocuklar için felsefe”nin gerekçelendirilmesi
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2023-10-08
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Bu makalede Çocuklar için Felsefe (P4C) Programı için feminist epistemologarın sunduğu dayanaklar ve öneriler tartışılacaktır. P4C programı ile çocukların özgür, eleştirel ve bağımsız düşünebilme, kendi fikirlerini ifade edebilme becerileri geliştirilerek, başkalarına ve onların fikirlerine saygı duymayı ve topluluk olarak düşünebilmeyi öğrenmeleri hedeflenir. Feminist epistemoloji, geleneksel epistemolojinin soyut, bireysel farklılıklarından arınmış, tarafsız öznesini ayrıca bu öznenin tam da bu tarafsızlığı nedeniyle gerçekliği olduğu gibi temsil edebileceği yani tek başına nesnel ve genel geçer bilgi ortaya koyabileceği yönündeki iddialarını eleştirir. Feminist epistemolojiye göre geleneksel epistemoloji bu iddialarıyla özünde eril ya da taraflı olan bilgi anlayışını maskeler. Aslında bilgi faili taraflıdır, konumludur; bilgisi tarihseldir, perspektiflidir; nesnel bilginin temeli bireysel bilenlerin temsil yetenekleri değildir; nesnellik olsa olsa bilginin toplumsal niteliği nedeniyle çoğul bakış açılarının diyalogu ile elde edilebilir. Bu türden bir nesnel bilgi ise hala tarihsel ve toplumsaldır, evrensellik ve genel geçerlik iddiası taşımaz. Feminist epistemoloji bu anlayışıyla geleneksel epistemolojilerin ürettiği “entelektüel otorite” anlayışını da yıkar. Buna göre hiçbir bilgi sorgulanmadan kabul edilebilir nitelikte değildir. Bu bilgi anlayışı tam da P4C’nin özgür ve eleştirel düşünen birey yetiştirme ilkesi ve bilgi iddialarının topluluk üyelerinin perspektiflerinin karşılaştırılmasıyla test edilmesi şeklindeki uygulaması için önemli bir dayanak sunar. Bunun dışında uygulama esnasında kolaylaştırıcının bilgiyi aktaran, tartışmayı belirli bir hakikat hedefine yönlendiren bir figür olmamasının önemini hatırlatır.
This article discusses the foundations and suggestions submitted by feminist epistemologists for the Philosophy for Children (P4C) Program. The P4C program aims to help children learn to think freely, critically, and independently, express their own ideas, respect others and their ideas, and think as a community. Feminist epistemology criticizes the claims of traditional epistemologies that there is an impartial subject abstract, free from individual differences, and that this subject can represent reality as it is owing to his neutrality, that is, it can reveal objective and universal knowledge on his own. According to feminist epistemology, traditional epistemology with these claims masks the understanding of knowledge that is essentially masculine or biased. In fact, the knower is partial, positioned; knowledge is historical, perspective; the basis of objective knowledge is not the representational abilities of individual knower; objective knowledge can only be achieved through the dialogue of multiple perspectives due to the social nature of knowledge. This type of objective knowledge is still historical and social; and does not claim universality or general validity. This understanding of feminist epistemology also destroys the understanding of “intellectual authority” produced by traditional epistemologies. Accordingly, no knowledge is acceptable without questioning. This understanding of knowledge provides an important foundation for the very application of P4C’s principle of raising free and critical thinkers and testing claims by comparing the perspectives of community members. Apart from this, it reminds us of the importance of the facilitator not being a figure conveying the knowledge and directing the discussion toward a certain truth ideal during the implementation.
This article discusses the foundations and suggestions submitted by feminist epistemologists for the Philosophy for Children (P4C) Program. The P4C program aims to help children learn to think freely, critically, and independently, express their own ideas, respect others and their ideas, and think as a community. Feminist epistemology criticizes the claims of traditional epistemologies that there is an impartial subject abstract, free from individual differences, and that this subject can represent reality as it is owing to his neutrality, that is, it can reveal objective and universal knowledge on his own. According to feminist epistemology, traditional epistemology with these claims masks the understanding of knowledge that is essentially masculine or biased. In fact, the knower is partial, positioned; knowledge is historical, perspective; the basis of objective knowledge is not the representational abilities of individual knower; objective knowledge can only be achieved through the dialogue of multiple perspectives due to the social nature of knowledge. This type of objective knowledge is still historical and social; and does not claim universality or general validity. This understanding of feminist epistemology also destroys the understanding of “intellectual authority” produced by traditional epistemologies. Accordingly, no knowledge is acceptable without questioning. This understanding of knowledge provides an important foundation for the very application of P4C’s principle of raising free and critical thinkers and testing claims by comparing the perspectives of community members. Apart from this, it reminds us of the importance of the facilitator not being a figure conveying the knowledge and directing the discussion toward a certain truth ideal during the implementation.
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Çocuklar için felsefe, Feminist epistemoloji, Entelektüel otorite, Eleştirel ve özgür düşünme, Diyalog, Feminist epistemology, Philosophy for children, Intellectual authority, Critical and free thinking, Dialogue
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