Publication: Aristoteles ve Heidegger’de theoria perspektifinden varlık
Abstract
Varlık meselesini sistematik bir şekilde ele alan Aristoteles varlık olmak bakımından varlığı sorgulamış ve onu tikel var olanlardan ayırt ederek var olanların farklı şekillerde dile getirilebildiğini ifade etmiştir. İlk Felsefe’de bilginin nedenlerin anlaşılması olarak kabul edilmesi ve bilmenin theoria yani temaşa ile ilişkilendirilmesi varlık hakkında bilgi sahibi olmanın da temaşa ile bağlantılı olarak düşünülebileceğini belirtir. Aristoteles düşüncesinde temaşanın pratik olanla birlikte bulunması onu etikle ilişkili hale getirir. Ancak Heidegger Aristoteles de dahil olmak üzere bütün metafiziği varlığı bir var olana indirgediği ve varlık sorusunu unuttuğu gerekçesiyle eleştiriye tâbi tutarak varlığı daha farklı bir anlam çerçevesinde düşünür. Yöntem olarak benimsediği fenomenoloji aracılığıyla Heidegger unutulan varlık sorusunu Dasein’dan hareketle ele alır. Aristoteles’te varlık sorgulaması temaşa temelinde gerçekleşen nedenlerin bilgisi olarak karşımıza çıkarken Heidegger’de fenomenolojik yöntem esasında bu, Dasein hermeneutiği olarak gizini-açma şeklinde sunulur. Bu minval üzere çalışmanın amacı, Aristoteles ve Heidegger’in varlık anlayışlarını theoria perspektifinden ele almaktır. Varlığa temaşa perspektifinden bakmak, varlığa ilişkin sorgulamanın nasıl teorik bir mesele olmaktan çıkıp pratikle ilişkili hale geldiğini görmemizi sağlar.
Aristotle systematically addressed the issue of being by questioning being as such and distinguishing it from other beings, indicating that beings can be expressed in various ways. In First Philosophy, the acceptance of knowledge as the understanding of causes and the association of knowing with theoria, or contemplation, suggests that knowledge of being can also be considered in connection with theoria. In Aristotle’s thought, including contemplation with the practical makes it related to ethics. Similarly, Heidegger distinguished being from entities. However, he criticised the entire metaphysics tradition, including Aristotle, for reducing being to an entity and forgetting the fundamental question of being. Through his method of phenomenology, Heidegger approached the forgotten question of being from the standpoint of Dasein. While Aristotle’s inquiry into being is presented as knowledge of causes based on contemplation, in phenomenological terms, this is articulated as the unveiling of the concealed through Dasein’s hermeneutics. The aim of this study, in line with this approach, is to examine the understandings of being in Aristotle and Heidegger from the perspective of theoria. Viewing being from the perspective of contemplation allows us to see how the inquiry into being transitions from a theoretical issue to one that is related to practice.
Aristotle systematically addressed the issue of being by questioning being as such and distinguishing it from other beings, indicating that beings can be expressed in various ways. In First Philosophy, the acceptance of knowledge as the understanding of causes and the association of knowing with theoria, or contemplation, suggests that knowledge of being can also be considered in connection with theoria. In Aristotle’s thought, including contemplation with the practical makes it related to ethics. Similarly, Heidegger distinguished being from entities. However, he criticised the entire metaphysics tradition, including Aristotle, for reducing being to an entity and forgetting the fundamental question of being. Through his method of phenomenology, Heidegger approached the forgotten question of being from the standpoint of Dasein. While Aristotle’s inquiry into being is presented as knowledge of causes based on contemplation, in phenomenological terms, this is articulated as the unveiling of the concealed through Dasein’s hermeneutics. The aim of this study, in line with this approach, is to examine the understandings of being in Aristotle and Heidegger from the perspective of theoria. Viewing being from the perspective of contemplation allows us to see how the inquiry into being transitions from a theoretical issue to one that is related to practice.
Description
Keywords
Aristoteles, Heidegger, Varlık, Theoria, Etik, Aristotle, Being, Ethics
Citation
Collections
Metrikler