Hipoparatiroidizmin tanı ve tedavisi
Date
2014-11-11
Authors
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Hipoparatiroidizm; hipokalsemi, hiperfosfatemi ve parathormon düzeylerinin düşük ya da uygunsuz normal olması ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Konjenital ve kazanılmış nedenlere bağlı olabilir. En sık nedenleri tiroid ve paratiroid cerrahisi sonrası görülebilen iyatrojenik hipoparatiroidizm ve otoimmun hipoparatiroidizmdir. Parestezi ve tetani sık görülen bulgular olmakla birlikte hastalık akut olarak kasılma, bronkospazm, laringospazm veya kardiyak ritm bozuklukları ile ortaya çıkabilir. Semptomatik hipokalsemi varlığında ya da serum total kalsiyumu 7 mg/dL’nin altında parenteral tedavi gerekirken asemptomatik ve ılımlı kalsiyum düşüklüklerinde oral kalsiyum ve D vitamini tedavisi tercih edilir. Uzun dönem tedavide kalsiyum, D vitaminine ilaveten gerektiği taktirde hiperkalsiüriyi önleme amaçlı tiyazid diüretikleri tedaviye eklenebilir. Rekombinan human parathormon üriner kalsiyum atılımını azaltıp fosfat atılımını arttırır. Bununla birlikte uzun dönem kullanımının güvenli olduğuna dair kanıtlar yeterli olmadığından kullanımının yaygınlaşması için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and low or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormon. Hypoparathyroidism may be due to congenital or acquired pathologies. The most common causes of hypoparathyroidism is iatrogenic after surgical operations on thyroid, or parathyroids as well as autoimmune. Although paresthesia and tetany are frequent findings, the disorder may also manifest acutely with seizures, bronchospasm, laryngospasm or cardiac rhythm disturbances. Parental treatment is necessary in case of hypocalcemia is symptomatic or the serum total calcium <7mg/dL. However, vitamin D supplementation as an addition to oral calcium in patients with asymptomatic and milder degrees of hypocalcemia may be required. Thiazide diuretics may also be added to calcium and vitamin D supplementation in long term to prevent hypercalciuria. Recombinant human parathormon stimulates renal reabsorption of calcium and promotes phosphate excretion. However, since the long term safety has not been establish, to widespread use there is a need for further studies
Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and low or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormon. Hypoparathyroidism may be due to congenital or acquired pathologies. The most common causes of hypoparathyroidism is iatrogenic after surgical operations on thyroid, or parathyroids as well as autoimmune. Although paresthesia and tetany are frequent findings, the disorder may also manifest acutely with seizures, bronchospasm, laryngospasm or cardiac rhythm disturbances. Parental treatment is necessary in case of hypocalcemia is symptomatic or the serum total calcium <7mg/dL. However, vitamin D supplementation as an addition to oral calcium in patients with asymptomatic and milder degrees of hypocalcemia may be required. Thiazide diuretics may also be added to calcium and vitamin D supplementation in long term to prevent hypercalciuria. Recombinant human parathormon stimulates renal reabsorption of calcium and promotes phosphate excretion. However, since the long term safety has not been establish, to widespread use there is a need for further studies
Description
Keywords
Hipoparatiroidizm, Hypoparathyroidism, Hipokalsemi, Parathormon, Kalsiyum, Hypocalcemia, Parathyroid hormon, Calcium
Citation
Şişman, P. vd. (2014). "Hipoparatiroidizmin tanı ve tedavisi" Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2),111-117.