Osmanlılar ve Lamarck
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022-03-29
Kurum Yazarları
Kalaycıoğulları, İnan
Akgündüz, Batuhan
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Özet
Temelinde değişim olgusu yatan evrim kavramının düşünsel kökenlerini Antik Yunan’a kadar götürmek mümkündür. Bununla birlikte evrimin bilimsel bir kuram olarak tarih sahnesine çıkması XIX. yüzyılda mümkün olabilmiştir. Evrim, bilimsel olarak önce Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’ın (1744- 1829) 1809 yılında yayımlanan bilinen adıyla Zooloji Felsefesi [Philosophie zoologique] ve 1815 yılında yayımlanmaya başlayan Omurgasız Hayvanların Doğal Tarihi [Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres] adlı eserinde ortaya koyduğu dönüşüm kuramında ardından Charles Darwin’in (1809-1882) 1859 yılında yayımlanan bilinen adıyla Türlerin Kökeni [On the Origin of Species] adlı çalışmasında doğal seçilim mekanizması üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Evrim Kuramı, XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, Avrupa’nın toplumsal ve kültürel atmosferini baştan sona işgal etmiş ve 1930’lu yıllara kadar Lamarck’ın ve Darwin’in kuramları karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır. Bu atmosfer ışığında Türkiye’ye Evrim Kuramı’nın girişini ise iki dönem üzerinden ele alabilmek mümkündür. İlk dönemi Aktarma Dönemi (1873-1892), ikinci dönemi ise Benimseme Dönemi (1908-1923) olarak adlandırabiliriz. Bu iki dönem içerisinde yayımlanan belli başlı eserler incelendiğinde görülmektedir ki Osmanlılar, genellikle sanılanın aksine Darwin ile değil de Lamarck ile düşünsel bir bağ kurmuşlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlıların Darwin’den ziyade Lamarck’ın düşüncelerine yakın bir duruş sergilediklerini gerekçeleriyle ortaya koymaktır.
It is possible to trace the intellectual origins of the concept of evolution, which is based on the phenomenon of change, to Ancient Greek. However, the emergence of evolution as a scientific theory to the stage of history had been possible in the 19th century. Evolution is scientifically discussed first through transformation theory in Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’s (1744-1829) works, known as the Zoological Philosophy [Philosophie Zoologique] published in 1809 and Natural History of Invertebrate Animals [Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres] began to published in 1815, followed by natural selection mechanism in Charles Darwin’s (1809-1882) work, known as On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. Evolution Theory became entirely a current issue in the social and cultural atmosphere of Europe in the second half of the 19th century and Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories were discussed and compared until the 1930s. In the light of this atmosphere, it is possible to consider the introduction of the Theory of Evolution to Turkey through two periods. We can call the first period as the Adaptation Period (1873-1892) and the second period as the Adoption Period (1908-1923). When the major works published in these two periods are examined, it is seen that the Ottomans established an intellectual bond with Lamarck, not with Darwin, contrary to what is generally believed. The aim of this study is to reveal with justifications that the Ottomans took a closer stance to Lamarck’s ideas than Darwin’s.
It is possible to trace the intellectual origins of the concept of evolution, which is based on the phenomenon of change, to Ancient Greek. However, the emergence of evolution as a scientific theory to the stage of history had been possible in the 19th century. Evolution is scientifically discussed first through transformation theory in Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’s (1744-1829) works, known as the Zoological Philosophy [Philosophie Zoologique] published in 1809 and Natural History of Invertebrate Animals [Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres] began to published in 1815, followed by natural selection mechanism in Charles Darwin’s (1809-1882) work, known as On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. Evolution Theory became entirely a current issue in the social and cultural atmosphere of Europe in the second half of the 19th century and Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories were discussed and compared until the 1930s. In the light of this atmosphere, it is possible to consider the introduction of the Theory of Evolution to Turkey through two periods. We can call the first period as the Adaptation Period (1873-1892) and the second period as the Adoption Period (1908-1923). When the major works published in these two periods are examined, it is seen that the Ottomans established an intellectual bond with Lamarck, not with Darwin, contrary to what is generally believed. The aim of this study is to reveal with justifications that the Ottomans took a closer stance to Lamarck’s ideas than Darwin’s.
Açıklama
Anahtar kelimeler
Osmanlılar, Biyoloji, Evrim, Lamarck, Darwin, Ottomans, Biology, Evolution
Alıntı
Kalaycıoğulları, İ. ve Akgündüz, B. (2022). "Osmanlılar ve Lamarck". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 21(1), 448-465.