Ata Sarısı, Uslu ve Yalova İncisi üzüm çeşitlerinde dona dayanımın belirlenmesi

Abstract

Denemede Ata Sarısı, Uslu ve Yalova İncisi üzüm çeşitlerine ait bir yaşlı sürgünlerden hazırlanan, tek gözlü çelikler kullanılmıştır. Yapay don testleri, 1. (-15 ve -20°C), 3. (-10 ve -15°C) ve 5. fenolojik safhalarda (-2 ve -5°C) gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1. ve 3. fenolojik safhalarda soğutma hızı 5°C/saat, uygulama süresi 24 saattir. 5. fenolojik safhada ise soğutma hızı 2°C/saat, uygulama süresi ise 5 saattir. Dona dayanım kabiliyetlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, don testlerinin hemen sonrasında kışlık göz ve dal dokularında iyon akışı (%) tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca iklim dolabında (20°C sıcaklık, %80 nispi nem ve 16 saat fotoperiyot) 6 haftalık iyileştirme periyodunu takiben, büyüme ve gelişme fizyolojisine dair parametreler değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Ata Sarısı, Uslu ve Yalova İncisi üzüm çeşitlerinin 1. fenolojik safhada -15°C’ye, 5. fenolojik safhada ise –5°C’ye kadar olan düşük sıcaklıklara dayanıklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. 1. fenolojik safhada –20°C, 3. fenolojik safhada ise –10°C ve –15°C’lerin ölüme neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Single bud cuttings, which were prepared from canes of grapevine cultivars Ata Sarısı, Uslu and Yalova İncisi, were used in this study. Artificial frost tests at different freezing temperatures were carried out during three different phenological stages, i.e. 1st stage (-15 and -20°C), 3rd stage (-10 and -15°C) and 5th stage (-2 and -5°C). The velocity of cooling was 5°C/hour and the treatment period was 24 hours, at the 1st and 3rd phenological stages. However, the velocity of cooling was 2°C/hour and the treatment period was 5 hours, at the 5th phenological stage. After the frost tests, ionic leakage (%) was evaluated in dormant buds and wood tissues to determine the frost resistance ability. Moreover, following a recovery period of 6 weeks in a climatic chamber (running at 20°C temperature, 80% relative humidity and 16 hours photoperiod), parameters regarding growth and development physiology were also evaluated. It was concluded that grapevine cultivars Ata Sarısı, Uslu and Yalova İncisi were resistant to freezing temperatures as low as -15°C at the 1st phenological stage, however, -5°C at the 5th phenological stage. It was also concluded that the lethal temperatures for these grapevine cultivars were –20°C at the 1st phenological stage and –10°C and –15°C at the 3rd phenological stage.