Claudiopolis Ganymedes mozaiği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022-09-28
Kurum Yazarları
Sezer, S. Sezin
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Özet
Claudiopolis (Bolu), Antik Dönem’de Bithynia Bölgesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan önemli bir kentti. 2011 yılında kent merkezinde yapılan kurtarma kazısı çalışması esnasında Ganymedes mozaiği açığa çıkarılmıştır. Ganymedes mozaiği kentteki bir Roma villasının zemininde yer almış olan bir taban mozaiğidir ve dikdörtgen bir biçimde düzenlenmiştir. Mozaik tabanı 3,60 m. x 6,70 m ölçülerindedir. Ölümlülerin en güzeli sayılan Ganymedes, Dardanos soyundan ve Troya kral ailesindendir. Zeus, İda dağının yamaçlarında sürülerini otlatırken gördüğü genç Ganymedes’e aşık olmuştur. Kartalını göndererek ya da bizzat kendisi kartal kılığına girerek Ganymedes’i Olympos’a kaçırmış ve onu tanrılar sofrasına şarap sunucusu yapmıştır. Hellenistik Dönem sanatında ve edebiyatında favori bir konu olan Ganymedes’in kaçırılması olayı daha sonra Romalı mozaik sanatçıları için de popülerliğini devam ettirmiştir. Mozaik sanatçılarının repertuvarlarında Ganymedes’in efsanesine ilişkin olarak en çok tercih edilen tasvir Zeus’un kartal kılığına girerek Ganymedes’i Olympos’a kaçırması sahnesidir. Claudiopolis mozaiğinde ise bu popüler sahnenin bir sonraki aşamasında Ganymedes Olympos’da şarap sunucusu olarak devam eden hayatında kartal’a içki sunarken tasvir edilmiştir. Bu sahnenin tasvirinin oldukça az bulunmuş olması da yine Claudiopolis Ganymedes mozaiği’nin önemini arttıran diğer bir unsurdur. Dikdörtgen biçiminde düzenlenmiş olan sahnenin sol tarafına kartal, sağ tarafına ise Ganymedes yerleştirilmiştir. Bu figürlü panonun etrafında bir sıra basit örgü bandı, bir sıra düz bant ve iki sıra kesişen dairelerden oluşan bordür düzenlemesi yer almaktadır. Figürlü sahnede doğal ortamın göstergesi olan kaya, ağaç ve bitki motifleri kullanılmamıştır. Claudiopolis mozaiği, sahip olduğu stilistik ve ikonografik özellikler itibariyle MS 3. yüzyılın sonu - 4. yüzyılın başlarına tarihlendirilebilir.
Claudiopolis (Bolu) was a prominent city in Bithynia during the Ancient Period. The Ganymede mosaic was discovered during a rescue excavation at the city center in 2011. The Ganymede mosaic is a floor mosaic arranged in a rectangle and situated on the ground of a Roman villa in the city. The size of the mosaic base is 3.60 m. x 6.70 m. Ganymede, considered as the most beautiful of mortals, was descended from the Dardanians and belonged to the Trojan royal family. Zeus saw and fell in love with the young Ganymede while he had been tending sheep on the slopes of Mount Ida. Zeus either summoned an eagle or turned into an eagle himself to transport the youth to Mount Olympus where he was appointed as cupbearer of the gods. The story of the abduction of Ganymede became popular in Hellenistic art and literature and continued to be so among Roman mosaic artists. The most preferred depiction with regard to the myth of Ganymede in the repertoire of mosaic artists was the scene of Zeus turning into an eagle to abduct Ganymede and bring him to Olympus. The mosaic of Claudiopolis depicts the following stage of the events in which Ganymede, during his life as a cupbearer in Olympus, offers a drink to the eagle. The depiction of this scene has rarely been found, which also adds to the significance of the Claudiopolis Ganymedes mosaic. The scene arranged in a rectangle shows the eagle on the left side and Ganymede on the right side. The panel with figures is surrounded by a border consisting of a line of simple guilloche, a straight band and two lines of intersecting circles. The scene does not involve any bolder, tree or plant motifs as indicators of a natural environment. Due to its stylistic and iconographic characteristics, the mosaic of Claudiopolis is estimated to date back to the late 3th century or early 4th century AD.
Claudiopolis (Bolu) was a prominent city in Bithynia during the Ancient Period. The Ganymede mosaic was discovered during a rescue excavation at the city center in 2011. The Ganymede mosaic is a floor mosaic arranged in a rectangle and situated on the ground of a Roman villa in the city. The size of the mosaic base is 3.60 m. x 6.70 m. Ganymede, considered as the most beautiful of mortals, was descended from the Dardanians and belonged to the Trojan royal family. Zeus saw and fell in love with the young Ganymede while he had been tending sheep on the slopes of Mount Ida. Zeus either summoned an eagle or turned into an eagle himself to transport the youth to Mount Olympus where he was appointed as cupbearer of the gods. The story of the abduction of Ganymede became popular in Hellenistic art and literature and continued to be so among Roman mosaic artists. The most preferred depiction with regard to the myth of Ganymede in the repertoire of mosaic artists was the scene of Zeus turning into an eagle to abduct Ganymede and bring him to Olympus. The mosaic of Claudiopolis depicts the following stage of the events in which Ganymede, during his life as a cupbearer in Olympus, offers a drink to the eagle. The depiction of this scene has rarely been found, which also adds to the significance of the Claudiopolis Ganymedes mosaic. The scene arranged in a rectangle shows the eagle on the left side and Ganymede on the right side. The panel with figures is surrounded by a border consisting of a line of simple guilloche, a straight band and two lines of intersecting circles. The scene does not involve any bolder, tree or plant motifs as indicators of a natural environment. Due to its stylistic and iconographic characteristics, the mosaic of Claudiopolis is estimated to date back to the late 3th century or early 4th century AD.
Açıklama
Anahtar kelimeler
Claudiopolis, Mozaik, Ganymedes, Zeus, Kartal, Olympos, Mosaic, Ganymede, Eagle, Olympus
Alıntı
Sezer, S. S. (2022). ''Claudiopolis Ganymedes mozaiği''. Journal of Mosaic Research, 15, 285-298.