Sûfîler ve Kur’ân okuyucuları: Sünnî tasavvuf geleneğinde Kurrâ eleştirileri
Date
2021-05-27
Authors
Başer, Hacı Bayram
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu makalede tasavvufun erken döneminde sûfîlerin kurrâya yönelik eleştirileri ele alın- maktadır. Makalenin amacı, bu eleştirilerin tasavvufun teşekkül sürecinin dinamikleri bakı- mından nasıl anlaşılabileceğini saptamaktır. Bu minvalde kurrâ kavramının geçirdiği anlam dönüşümleri irdelenmekte ve sûfîlerin muhatap aldığı kurrâ zümresi belirginleştirilmektedir. Sûfîlerin kurrâ eleştirileri, hicrî ilk asırdan başlayarak beşinci asrın sonlarına kadar telif edilen tasavvuf literatürü kapsamında, kronolojik ve teorik bir sistematik dâhilinde incelenmektedir. Bu çerçevede sûfîlerin hicrî ikinci asırdan önce, âlimler ve zâhidler tarafından kurrâya yönel- tilen eleştirileri miras alarak, hem Kur’ân okuyucuları anlamındaki kurrâya hem de âbid ve zâhid anlamındaki kurrâya tenkitler yönelttikleri tespit edilmektedir. Makalede sûfîlerin baş- larda belirli kāriʾ tiplerinde gözledikleri ahlâkî ve meslekî yetersizlik ya da bozulmaları eleş- tirseler bile, tasavvufun bir dinî ilim karakteri kazanması sürecinde bu eleştirilere Kur’ân ve semâʿ ilişkisi açısından da baktıkları ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu bakımdan sûfîlerin kurrâ eleş- tirilerinin, tasavvufun diğer dinî ilimler ile ilişkisini anlamada kilit bir role sahip olduğu iddia edilmektedir.
In this article, the criticisms directed to qurrāʾ (Qurʾān reciters) by Ṣūfīs in the early period of Ṣūfism are discussed. The aim of the article is to determine how these criticisms can be understood with regard to the dynamics of the formative period of Ṣūfism. In this respect it is scrutinized how the meaning of the term qurrāʾ transformed through this period and it is discussed which group of people Ṣūfīs imply by their criticism of qurrāʾ. The criticism of qurrāʾ by Ṣūfīs is examined in a theoretical and chronological method within the scope of Ṣūfī literature which was produced starting with the first century to the end of the fifth century AH. Within this frame, it is found out that Ṣūfīs adopted the criticisms directed to qurrāʾ by scholars and zuhhād before the second century AH and directed their criticism towards both the qurrāʾ referring to Qurʾān reciters and also the qurrāʾ referring to pious devotees (ʿubbād) and renunciants (zuhhād). This article shows that even though Ṣūfīs at first criticized the moral and professional inefficacy or degenerations that they observed in certain types of qāriʾ (reciter), during the period in which Ṣūfism was formulated as a religious science they approached these criticisms with regard to their relation with Qurʾān and samāʿ. For this reason, it is claimed that the criticism of qurrāʾ by Ṣūfīs plays a key role in understanding the relationship of Ṣūfism with other religious sciences.
In this article, the criticisms directed to qurrāʾ (Qurʾān reciters) by Ṣūfīs in the early period of Ṣūfism are discussed. The aim of the article is to determine how these criticisms can be understood with regard to the dynamics of the formative period of Ṣūfism. In this respect it is scrutinized how the meaning of the term qurrāʾ transformed through this period and it is discussed which group of people Ṣūfīs imply by their criticism of qurrāʾ. The criticism of qurrāʾ by Ṣūfīs is examined in a theoretical and chronological method within the scope of Ṣūfī literature which was produced starting with the first century to the end of the fifth century AH. Within this frame, it is found out that Ṣūfīs adopted the criticisms directed to qurrāʾ by scholars and zuhhād before the second century AH and directed their criticism towards both the qurrāʾ referring to Qurʾān reciters and also the qurrāʾ referring to pious devotees (ʿubbād) and renunciants (zuhhād). This article shows that even though Ṣūfīs at first criticized the moral and professional inefficacy or degenerations that they observed in certain types of qāriʾ (reciter), during the period in which Ṣūfism was formulated as a religious science they approached these criticisms with regard to their relation with Qurʾān and samāʿ. For this reason, it is claimed that the criticism of qurrāʾ by Ṣūfīs plays a key role in understanding the relationship of Ṣūfism with other religious sciences.
Description
Keywords
Tasavvuf, Sûfî, Kurrâ, Kāriʾ, Kur’ân okuyucuları, Ṣūfism, Ṣūfī, Qurrāʾ, Qāriʾ, Qurʾān reciters
Citation
Başer, H. B. (2021). "Sûfîler ve Kur’ân okuyucuları: Sünnî tasavvuf geleneğinde Kurrâ eleştirileri". Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 27-55.