Osmanlı’da ziraat eğitimi: Halkalı Ziraat Mektebi
Date
2011-01-12
Authors
Doğanay, Fatma Kaya
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Osmanlı’da Tanzimat Fermanı’yla başlayan dönemde birçok alanda yenileşme çabaları olmuş, bu arada ziraat alanı da ihmal edilmeyerek ülke tarımı geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların başında da bir ziraat mektebi açılması gelmiştir. İlk olarak 1847 yılında bir basma fabrikası açılması düşünüldüğünde Fabrikalar Müdürü Hüsnü Efendi böyle bir mektebin açılması konusunda çeşitli görüşmeler yapmıştır. Pamuk ziraatıyla ilgili olan bu ilk mektep Yeşilköy’de hava alanı yakınındaki Ayamama Çiftliği’nde açılmıştır.1 Bu ilk ziraat mektebi ziraat tatbikat mektebidir. Üç sene sonra ise mektep Nafia Nezareti’ne bağlanmıştır. II. Abdülhamid, her alanda reformlara hız verdiğinde ziraat alanında uygulamalı modern bir mektebin yurt kalkınmasındaki önemini takdir ederek ziraat mektebi açılmasına karar vermiştir. 1891 yılında inşası biten mektebe ilk olarak Tıbbiye Mülkiyesi içinde Baytar Mektebi’ne giden 19 talebe yatılı olarak alınmış ve asıl talebe alımı bir sene sonra gerçekleşmiştir. Bu mektebin adı Halkalı Ziraat ve Baytar Mektebi’dir. 1894’ten sonra baytar sınıfları İstanbul’daki binaya taşındığından Halkalı yalnız ziraat mektebi olmuştur. Öğrenim süresi dört senedir. Öğrencileri idadi öğrenimini tamamlamış kişilerden seçilmiştir. II. Meşrutiyet’ten sonra bu alanda da Avrupa’ya öğrenci gönderilmiş ve dönüşlerinde mektepte hoca olarak görev almışlardır. Mektep, I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında kapanmışsa da hükümet merkezi Ankara’ya taşındıktan sonra İstanbul Ziraat Mektebi adıyla yeniden açılmıştır.
Innovation efforts have been made in many areas during the Tanzimat era as well as in agriculture to improve agricultural production. First step in this effort was the establishment of a school of agriculture. In 1847, when working on a cotton print fabric project Hüsnü Efendi manager of fabrics, started meeting people in order to establish a school of agriculture, too. First Ottoman school of agriculture specialized on cotton production was established in Ayamama Farm, near Yeşilköy. This first school of agriculture was a practice school. After three years this school was given under the control of The Office of Public Works (Nafia Nezareti). As a part of his reform policy Sultan Abdulhamid II. has also decide to establish a modern and applied agricultural school due to its positive effects on state’s development. The construction was completed in 1891 and 19 vet students from medicine school were registered as boarding students to the school of agriculture, the fresh registration of the new students started in the following year. The name of this first agricultural school was Halkalı School of Agriculture and Veterinary. In 1894 veterinary department has moved to another facility in Istanbul therefore school name was changed to Halkalı School of Agriculture. This four year school was accepting students graduated from idadis. During the 2nd Constitutional Monarchy period some students were sent to Europe in this subject and these students started teaching at school of agriculture after their return. Halkalı School of Agriculture was forced to close during the World War I, but when the state capital moved to Ankara this school was reopen under the name of Istanbul School of Agriculture.
Innovation efforts have been made in many areas during the Tanzimat era as well as in agriculture to improve agricultural production. First step in this effort was the establishment of a school of agriculture. In 1847, when working on a cotton print fabric project Hüsnü Efendi manager of fabrics, started meeting people in order to establish a school of agriculture, too. First Ottoman school of agriculture specialized on cotton production was established in Ayamama Farm, near Yeşilköy. This first school of agriculture was a practice school. After three years this school was given under the control of The Office of Public Works (Nafia Nezareti). As a part of his reform policy Sultan Abdulhamid II. has also decide to establish a modern and applied agricultural school due to its positive effects on state’s development. The construction was completed in 1891 and 19 vet students from medicine school were registered as boarding students to the school of agriculture, the fresh registration of the new students started in the following year. The name of this first agricultural school was Halkalı School of Agriculture and Veterinary. In 1894 veterinary department has moved to another facility in Istanbul therefore school name was changed to Halkalı School of Agriculture. This four year school was accepting students graduated from idadis. During the 2nd Constitutional Monarchy period some students were sent to Europe in this subject and these students started teaching at school of agriculture after their return. Halkalı School of Agriculture was forced to close during the World War I, but when the state capital moved to Ankara this school was reopen under the name of Istanbul School of Agriculture.
Description
Keywords
Ziraat eğitimi, Ayamama, Halkalı, Ziraat Mektebi, Agricultural education, School of Agriculture
Citation
Doğanay, F.K. ve Demirel M. (2011). “Osmanlı’da ziraat eğitimi: Halkalı Ziraat Mektebi”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(21), 183-199.