Bursa yöresinde sığırların yemlerinde, içme sularında ve rumen içeriğinde nitrat,nitrit ve kanda methemoglobin düzeylerinin araştırılması
Date
2000-08-10
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada sığırların beslenmesinde kullanılan yem ve yem hammaddeleri, içme suları ve sığırların rumen içeriğinde nitrat, nitrit ve kanda methemoglobin düzeylerinin araştırılması, belirlenen nitrat ve nitrit düzeylerinin hayvan ve insan sağlığı açısından taşıdığı risklerin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 119 yem ve yem hammaddesi, 28 içme suyu, 52 rumen içeriği ve 52 adet kan numunesi kullanıldı. Numuneler 28 sığır çiftliği ile Veteriner Fakültesi Çiftliği ve Kliniklerinden sağlandı. Yem ve yem hammaddeleri, içme suları ve rumen içeriklerindeki nitrat ve nitrit konsantrasyonları, kan numunelerindeki methemoglobin düzeyi spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle ölçüldü. Nitrat ve nitrit konsantrasyonları ölçüm birimi olarak nitrat ve nitrit azotu kullanıldı. Numunelerde minimal ve maksimal olarak 0-1731.66 ppm nitrat, 0-11.11 ppm nitrit bulundu. Ortalama nitrat düzeyleri, ppm olarak sığır süt yeminde 90.19±17.95, sığır besi yeminde 96.08±19.49, buzağı yeminde 69.62±23.55, buğday ve arpa samanında 210.06±55.35, yoncada 470.53±141.09, yulafta 330.86±198.53, çayır-mera otunda 50.87±26.44 ve içme suyunda 6.58±1.08 olarak belirlendi. Normal rasyonlarıyla beslenen 10 sağlıklı inekten alınan rumen içeriği numunelerinde ortalama nitrat ve nitrit düzeyleri sırasıyla yemlemeden önce 0.13±0.01 ve 0.31±0.03 ppm, yemlemeden 2.5 saat sonra 0.16±0.01 ppm ve 0.27±0.06 ppm; yemlemeden 5 saat sonra 0.16±0.02 ppm ve 0.28±0.06 ppm; methemoglobin konsantrasyonları, yemlemeden önce %2.52±0.22, yemlemeden 2.5 saat sonra %2.04±0.12 ve yemlemeden 5 saat sonra %2.41±0.38 olarak tespit edildi. Veteriner Fakültesi Kliniklerine getirilen 22 sığırdan alınan rumen içeriklerinde ortalama 0.06±0.07 ppm nitrat, 0.79±0.18 ppm nitrit ve kanda % 2.64±0.21 methemoglobin bulundu. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, yem ve yem hammaddelerinde belirlenen nitrat ve nitritin sığırlarda akut bir zehirlenmeye yol açmayacak düzeylerde olduğu, ancak bazı numunelerin içerdiği nitrat ve nitrit miktarlarının subakut veya kronik bir zehirlenmeye yol açabileceği kanısına varıldı. İçme sularındaki nitrat ve nitrit düzeyleri hayvanların sağlığı açısından bir risk oluşturmamakla birlikte, numunelerin %21’indeki nitrat konsantrasyonu insanlar için belirtilen sınır değerleri aşmaktadır. Methemoglobin düzeyleri normal limitler içinde (%0-3) bulunmuştur.
The aim of this study was to determine nitrate and nitrite levels of the feed and feedstuff, drinking water and rumen fluid samples, and methemoglobin levels in blood of cattle, and to discuss the probable risk of the determined levels of the nitrates and the nitrites for animal and human health. The samples used in the study were 119 feed and feedstuff, 28 drinking water, 52 rumen fluid and 52 blood specimen. The samples were supplied from 28 cattle farms and cattle from Veterinary Faculty Farm and Clinics. Nitrate and the nitrite levels of feed, drinking water, rumen fluid, and the methemoglobin levels of blood samples were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The nitrate and nitrite concentrations were evaluated as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen units. Minimal and maximal concentrations were found between 0 and 1731.66 ppm nitrates, and 0 and 11.11 ppm nitrites in the samples. The mean levels of nitrate as ppm were 90.19±17.95 in the dairy cattle concentrate feed; 96.08±19.49 in the beef cattle concentrate feed; 69.62±23.55 in the calf concentrate feed; 210.06±55.35 in the wheat and barley straw; 470.53±141.09 in the alfalfa; 330.86±198.53 in the oat; 50.87±26.44 in the pasture grass, and 6.58±1.08 in the drinking water. The mean levels of nitrate and nitrite as ppm in the rumen fluid samples of 10 healthy cows that feeding with their normal ration were found to be 0.13±0.01 and 0.31±0.03 before feeding, 0.16±0.01 and 0.27±0.06 2.5 hours after, 0.16±0.02 and 0.28±0.06 5 hours after feeding respectively; methemoglobin concentrations were 2.52±0.22% before feeding, 2.04±0.12% 2.5 hours after and 2.41±0.38% 5 hours after feeding in the blood samples. The mean levels of nitrate and nitrite as ppm, and methemoglobin obtained from 22 cattle brought to the Veterinary Faculty Clinics were 0.06±0.07, 0.79±0.18 in the rumen fluid and 2.64±0.21% in the blood samples respectively. It was concluded from the results that the nitrate and the nitrite levels found in the feeds and feedstuffs are not risky in respect to acute toxicity, however some of nitrate and nitrite concentrations of these samples can cause subacute or chronic toxicity in the animals. The nitrate and the nitrite in drinking waters do not have any risk for animal health, but some of drinking water samples have more nitrates than the tolerance limits for human health. Methemoglobin levels of the blood samples were found in the normal limits (0-3%).
The aim of this study was to determine nitrate and nitrite levels of the feed and feedstuff, drinking water and rumen fluid samples, and methemoglobin levels in blood of cattle, and to discuss the probable risk of the determined levels of the nitrates and the nitrites for animal and human health. The samples used in the study were 119 feed and feedstuff, 28 drinking water, 52 rumen fluid and 52 blood specimen. The samples were supplied from 28 cattle farms and cattle from Veterinary Faculty Farm and Clinics. Nitrate and the nitrite levels of feed, drinking water, rumen fluid, and the methemoglobin levels of blood samples were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The nitrate and nitrite concentrations were evaluated as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen units. Minimal and maximal concentrations were found between 0 and 1731.66 ppm nitrates, and 0 and 11.11 ppm nitrites in the samples. The mean levels of nitrate as ppm were 90.19±17.95 in the dairy cattle concentrate feed; 96.08±19.49 in the beef cattle concentrate feed; 69.62±23.55 in the calf concentrate feed; 210.06±55.35 in the wheat and barley straw; 470.53±141.09 in the alfalfa; 330.86±198.53 in the oat; 50.87±26.44 in the pasture grass, and 6.58±1.08 in the drinking water. The mean levels of nitrate and nitrite as ppm in the rumen fluid samples of 10 healthy cows that feeding with their normal ration were found to be 0.13±0.01 and 0.31±0.03 before feeding, 0.16±0.01 and 0.27±0.06 2.5 hours after, 0.16±0.02 and 0.28±0.06 5 hours after feeding respectively; methemoglobin concentrations were 2.52±0.22% before feeding, 2.04±0.12% 2.5 hours after and 2.41±0.38% 5 hours after feeding in the blood samples. The mean levels of nitrate and nitrite as ppm, and methemoglobin obtained from 22 cattle brought to the Veterinary Faculty Clinics were 0.06±0.07, 0.79±0.18 in the rumen fluid and 2.64±0.21% in the blood samples respectively. It was concluded from the results that the nitrate and the nitrite levels found in the feeds and feedstuffs are not risky in respect to acute toxicity, however some of nitrate and nitrite concentrations of these samples can cause subacute or chronic toxicity in the animals. The nitrate and the nitrite in drinking waters do not have any risk for animal health, but some of drinking water samples have more nitrates than the tolerance limits for human health. Methemoglobin levels of the blood samples were found in the normal limits (0-3%).
Description
Keywords
Nitrat ve nitrit, Methemoglobin, Yem, İçme suyu, Sığır, Nitrate and nitrite, Methemoglobin, Feed, Drinking water, Cattle
Citation
Oruç, H. H. ve Ceylan, S. (2001). "Bursa yöresinde sığırların yemlerinde, içme sularında ve rumen içeriğinde nitrat,nitrit ve kanda methemoglobin düzeylerinin araştırılması". Uludağ Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1-2), 25-32