Yararları ve riskleriyle gıda kaynaklı enterokoklar
Date
2010-05-21
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Enterokoklar, sağlıklı insanlar ve hayvanların barsak mikroflorasının üyeleri olup, çevrede yaygın olarak bulunan bakterilerdir. Gıda endüstrisinde bu laktik asit bakterileri (LAB), önemli fermentasyon aktiviteleri nedeniyle, “yardımcı (ilave) veya starter kültürler” olarak kullanılmakta ve peynir lezzeti ve kalitesinin geliştirilmesinde önemli bir role sahip bulunmaktadır. Diğer taraftan enterokoklar endokarditis, üriner ve genital sistem infeksiyonları, meningitis ve septisemi gibi hastalıklardan sorumlu oportunistik patojenler olarak da bilinmektedir. Enterokokların önemli bir klinik özelliği, gıda, su ve klinik kaynaklı izolatlarında rapor edildiği gibi, antimikrobiyal ajanların geniş bir varyetesine direnç göstermeleridir. Gelişimi arttırmak amacıyla hayvan yemlerinde antibiyotiklerin kullanımı çeşitli ekosistemlerde, nakledilebilir antibiyotik dirençlilik genlerinin önemli rezervörlerini ortaya çıkarmış ve sonuç olarak gıda zinciri yoluyla dirençli Enterococcus’ların insanlara olası bir naklini beraberinde getirmiştir. Söz konusu derlemede enterokokların insanlarda neden oldukları infeksiyonlar, çeşitli antibiyotiklere gösterdikleri dirençlilik özellikleri ve dirençlilik genlerinin nakledilmesinde gıdaların rolüne ilişkin literatür bilgileri sunulmaktadır.
Enterococci are ubiquitous bacteria present in the environment and in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy animals and humans. In the food industry, these lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known as “adjunct or starter cultures”, because of their fermenting activity, and also, they play a major role in improving flavour development and quality of cheese. However, enterococci are also known to be opportunistic pathogens responsible for human diseases such as endocarditis, urinary and genital tract infections, meningitis and septicaemia. An important clinical feature of Enterococcus spp. is the resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents as demonstrated in clinical, food and water isolates strains. The use of antimicrobials in animal feed as growth promoters has created large reservoirs of transferable antibiotic resistance genes in several ecosystems and consequently a possible route transmission of resistant Enterococcus spp. via food chain could be suggested. In this review it is represented the literature data about the benefits and risks of enterococci in foods, human infections caused by these microorganisms, their resistant features to several antibiotics and the role of foods in resistance gene transfer.
Enterococci are ubiquitous bacteria present in the environment and in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy animals and humans. In the food industry, these lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known as “adjunct or starter cultures”, because of their fermenting activity, and also, they play a major role in improving flavour development and quality of cheese. However, enterococci are also known to be opportunistic pathogens responsible for human diseases such as endocarditis, urinary and genital tract infections, meningitis and septicaemia. An important clinical feature of Enterococcus spp. is the resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents as demonstrated in clinical, food and water isolates strains. The use of antimicrobials in animal feed as growth promoters has created large reservoirs of transferable antibiotic resistance genes in several ecosystems and consequently a possible route transmission of resistant Enterococcus spp. via food chain could be suggested. In this review it is represented the literature data about the benefits and risks of enterococci in foods, human infections caused by these microorganisms, their resistant features to several antibiotics and the role of foods in resistance gene transfer.
Description
Keywords
Enterokoklar, Enterococcus, Virulens faktörleri, Antibiyotik dirençliliği, Vankomisin-dirençli enterokoklar, Virulence factors, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Citation
Çetinkaya, F. ve Muş, T. M. (2010). "Yararları ve riskleriyle gıda kaynaklı enterokoklar". Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1), 77-83.