Browsing by Author "Barthell, John F."
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Item Different solutions by bees to a foraging problem(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science, 2009-05) Sanderson, Charlotte; Blocker, Tomica D.; Pham, L. Lisa; Checotah, Sky; Norman, Ashley A.; Harader, Brice K. Pate; Reidenbaugh, Tyler R.; Nenchev, Peter; Barthell, John F.; Wells, Harrington; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Arıcılık Geliştirme Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi.; AAH-2558-2021; 57207796431Honeybees (Apis mellifera) were used as a model insect system to explore how foragers solve problems involving cost as well as reward. Reward difference was created by varying sucrose molarity, whereas cost difference was created by varying flower-handling time in artificial flower patches. Unlike earlier work, flower-handling time was a function of stamen length rather than corolla length, such that longer stamens increased flower-handling time. When changing from short- to long-stamen flowers, access to nectar becomes limited to specific routes, which differ in difficulty. Experiments were performed with 2 mu l and 6 mu l sucrose rewards. Differences in reward and/or handling time were associated with flower colour difference (blue versus white flowers). Higher energy reward (2 M) and shorter handling time were preferred by bees when foraging problems involved only a reward or a handling-time difference, which followed energy maximization expectations. However, when the two variables were combined so that greater handling time was combined with higher reward, behaviour differed between individuals. Some bees made choices based solely on reward, some only on effort (handling time), and some simply on flower colour. These results contrast with early work where handling time was a function of corolla length and all bees avoided longer corollas. Results suggest that honeybees do not always behave as predicted by simple energy maximization principles; rather, individuality in choice arises when the foraging problem becomes more difficult because of increased complexity (dimensionality) of the problem.Item Existing microsatellite primers for osmia rufa amplify homologous microsatellite DNA in an invasive leafcutting bee(Oxford University, 2011-03) Ricci, Paige; Hranitz, J. M.; Barthell, John F.; Freeman, Benedictus; Lui, Lok Yan; Stevison, Blake; Giannoni, M. A.; Redd, JeAnna R.; Presky, Miyeon E.; Petanidou, Theodora; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.Item Feature positive and feature negative learning in honey bees(Oxford University, 2011-03) Pendergraft, LomaJohn T.; Albers, Leah M. Bates; Duell, Meghan E.; Zuniga, Edier; Abramson, Charles, I.; Barthell, John F.; Hranitz, J. M.; Wells, Harrington; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.Item Foraging response of turkish honey bee subspecies to flower color choices and reward consistency(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2010-03) Song, Daniel S.; Mixson, T. Andrew; Serrano, Eduardo; Clement, Meredith L.; Savitski, Amy; Johnson, Ge'Andra; Giray, Tuğrul; Abramson, Charles Ira; Barthell, John F.; Wells, Harrington; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mustafakemalpaşa Meslek Yüksekokulu/Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Bölümü.; AAH-2558-2021; 57207796431Foraging behavior of Apis mellifera caucasica, A.m. carnica and A.m. syriaca in Turkey was studied for intrinsic subspecies-based differences. Models of forager flower-color fidelity, risk sensitive behavior and maximizing net gain were tested. Foragers were presented artificial flower patches containing blue, white and yellow flowers. Some bees of each subspecies showed high fidelity to yellow flowers, while others favored blue and white flowers. The degree of fidelity, however, differed among subspecies and was dependent upon which color was favored. Bees of all subspecies demonstrated risk indifferent behavior regardless of whether they favored yellow flowers or blue and white flowers. Flower handling time differed among subspecies and increased with reward quantity, and when a reward was present. Flight time between consecutive flowers also differed among honey bee subspecies. Foragers of all subspecies had a higher net gain when visiting flowers with consistent rewards.Item High levels of tolerance between nestmates and non-nestmates in the primitively eusocial sweat bee Halictus scabiosae (Rossi) in Turkey (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)(Springer, 2018-01-19) González, Víctor Hugo; Patton, R.; Plascencia, M.; Barthell, John F.; Girişgin, Ahmet Onur; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Arıcılık Geliştirme-Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi.; 0000-0002-0020-2708; B-5286-2017; AAH-2558-2021; 16030783600; 57207796431Eusocial sweat bees with variable intra-colony relatedness due to multiple foundresses and/or worker drifting may express high levels of tolerance among non-nestmates. We used circle-tube arenas to test hypotheses related to this phenomenon in Halictus scabiosae (Rossi), an obligately eusocial species with frequent inter-nest worker drifting. We conducted experiments in mid-July with bees from a nest aggregation found on the Uludag University campus, near the city of Bursa, in the Republic of Turkey. We recorded high frequencies of tolerant behaviors in both nestmate and non-nestmate trials. Among tolerant behaviors, mutual passing was more common in pairs of nestmates while non-aggressive contacts were more common in non-nestmate pairs. Moderate levels of aggression were frequent, particularly in nestmate trials, and avoidance was more common in non-nestmate pairs. Except for the moderate levels of aggression, our results are similar to those on Lasioglossum malachurum Kirby, another obligately eusocial species with strong tolerance for conspecifics and with nests that often include a mixture of related and unrelated workers. Thus, our observations support the hypothesis that reduced intra-colony relatedness, resulting from multiple foundresses and/or drifting among conspecific colonies of eusocial sweat bees, is correlated with high levels of tolerance among nestmates.Item Lethal and subethal effects of flumethrin (VAROSTOPA (R)) on the anatolian honey bee in the republic of Turkey(Oxford University, 2011-02) Duell, Meghan E.; Apted, Trent; Hall, N.; Albers, Leah M. Bates; Pendergraft, LomaJohn T.; Zuniga, Edier; Sorucu, Ali; Abramson, Charles, I; Barthell, John F.; Wells, Harrington; Hranitz, John M.; İkizoğlu, Didem; Selova, Semih; Aydın, Levent; Çakmak, İbrahim; Oruç, Hasan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Veterinerlik Parazitolojisi Anabilim Dalı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-5399-2395; AAI-2212-2021Item Nectar odor and honey bee foragıng(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2010) Wells, Patrick H.; Wenner, Adrian M.; Abramson, Charles I.; Barthell, John F.; Wells, HarringtonPractical experience has shown that honey bees visit a tremendous variety of flowering plant species, both in terms of flower morphology and floral reward. However, their ability to find “nectar” extends far beyond plants themselves. They are in many respects the ultimate generalist forager, which has been a boon for modern agriculture. But, how can they associate such a variety of “objects” with food? Odors turn out to be a key component in other species of social bees.Item Nectar secretion and bee guild characterıstıcs of yellow star-thistle on Santa Cruz island and lesvos: where have the honey bees gone(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Barthell, John F.; Clement, Meredith L.; Song, Daniel S.; Savıtsk, Amy N.; Hranıtz, John M.; Petanıdou, Theodora; Thorp, Robbin W.; Wenner, Adrian M.; Grıswold, Terry L.; Wells, HarringtonWe compared nectar secretion rates and bee guilds of yellow star-thistle, Centaurea solstitialis, on Santa Cruz Island (USA) and the Northeast Aegean Island of Lesvos (Greece). This plant species is non-native and highly invasive in the western USA but native to Eurasia (including Lesvos). “Nectar flow” was assessed by measuring nectar volumes in florets of flower heads covered with mesh bags (preventing visitation by bees); “nectar standing crop” data were taken from open (unbagged) flower heads to which all bees could gain access. We censused bees at C. solstitialis during comparable periods on both islands and determined the bee guild composition of the plant on Lesvos. Significant differences in nectar levels occurred between bagged and unbagged florets at each locale, especially during the period that pollinators were most common. Nectar flow and nectar standing crop volumes were lower on Lesvos than on Santa Cruz Island. The bee guild diversity at Lesvos was higher relative to Santa Cruz Island. Surprisingly, however, honey bees were not recorded during our monitoring periods on Lesvos.Item Observations on nectar availability and bee visitation at patches of yellow star-thistle and chasteberry on the northeast aegean Island of lesvos (Greece)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Barthell, John F.; Hranıtz, John M.; Redd, JeAnna R.; Clement, Meredith L.; Crocker, Katherine C.; Becker, Erica C.; Leavıtt, Kara D.; Mccall, Brant; Mıllsnovoa, Megan; Walker, Cassondra M.; Petanıdou, Theodora; Wells, HarringtonWe examined numbers of honey bees (Apis) versus non-Apis bees at patches of yellow star-thistle, Centaurea solstitialis, and chasteberry, Vitex agnus-castus, on the Northeast Aegean Island of Lesvos in Greece. The resulting visitation patterns are associated with average nectar volumes measured from florets of each plant species. Honey bees visit V. agnus-castus more frequently when bees are sampled from adjoining floral displays of both species. In addition, the average size of bee pollinators (as measured by head capsule width) collected during this time was always larger from V. agnus-castus relative to C. solstitialis, and significantly so in the majority of cases. These patterns contrast with findings from previous studies in the western USA (California) where yellow star-thistle is not a native plant species but honey bees commonly visit it. Indeed, in North America, the abundant honey derived from yellow star-thistle is often considered a desirable product for marketing by beekeepers.Item Pan traps and bee body size in unmanaged urban habitats(Pensoft Publishers, 2016-07-13) Gonzalez, Victor H.; Park, Kristen E.; Hranitz, John M.; Barthell, John F.; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Arıcılık Geliştirme-Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi.; AAH-2558-2021; 57207796431Pan traps are among the most popular methods employed to survey bees and changes in some functional traits, such as body size, are increasingly used to understand how bee communities and species respond to landscape changes. Herein we assess body size differences between bees captured at ground-level and elevated (70 cm) pan traps in unmanaged urban habitats in northwestern Turkey. We compare body size at the community level as well as for the sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum (Kirby) (Halictidae: Halictini), the most abundant species. We also compare the diversity, richness and abundance of bees sampled at both heights. A total of 31 species (13 genera of three families) were captured. We did not find significant differences in the abundance nor in the species richness between heights, and Simpson's indices were similar. At the community level, average intertegular distance was significantly greater in bees collected at the elevated traps than on the ground. Intertegular distances in L. malachurum did not differ between elevated and ground-level pan traps. Our results show an effect of pan trap height on bee body size in the urban habitat surveyed, thus suggesting that assessing bee body size from samples collected with either ground-level or elevated pan traps alone might result in biased estimates of this functional trait.Item Pollen collecting behavior of Systropha planidens Giraud, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) in Turkey(Pacific Coast Entomol Soc, 2014) González, Víctor Hugo; Pascual, Camila; Burrows, Skyler J.; Barthell, John F.; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Arıcılık Geliştirme-Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi.; AAH-2558-2021; 57207796431Item Pollinator composition in three types of unmanaged urban habitats(Oxford University, 2016-03) Silva, Douglas Henrique; Hranitz, John M.; Barthell, John F.; Gonzalez, Victor H; İbrahim, Çakmak; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mustafakemalpaşa Meslek Yüksekokulu.Item Stress protein responses in honey bees: Is it useful to measure stress responses of individual bees in the hive(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Hranitz, John M.; Barthell, John F.; Abramson, Charles I.; Brubaker, Kristen D.; Wells, HarringtonEusociality provides honey bees a broad repertoire of responses, through a colony’s division of labor, to maintain hive homeostasis in the countenance of environmental perturbations. The hive dynamics instrumented by workers must be balanced against losses during periods of stress. Stress proteins, a component of the cellular stress response that is already characterized in species from bacteria to man, provide molecular protection against many stressors at the organismal level of biological organization. A capacious stress protein literature reveals several general patterns. Exposure to sublethal stress increases cellular stress protein concentrations and improves survival to subsequent stress. While promoting survival during periods of stress, over-expression of stress proteins during development may diminish expression of performance traits important later in life under different circumstances. The relatively few studies that have investigated stress responses in bees reveal relationships with abiotic stress (i.e. temperature, toxins) and oxidative stress associated with flight and alcohol consumption. Given the economic importance of the honey bee and the need to better understand how agricultural factors (e.g., hive management practices, pesticides, natural enemies) affect colony performance, investigations of the association between the stress response and performance traits in individual bees should be pursued in the future.