Browsing by Author "Hranitz, John M."
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Item Determination of acute oral toxicity of flumethrin in honey bees(Oxford University Press, 2012-12) Hranitz, John M.; Duell, Meghan E.; Oruç, Hasan Hüseyin; Sorucu, Ali; Çakmak, İbrahim; Aydın, Levent; Orman, Abdülkadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Arıcılığı Geliştirme-Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mustafakemalpaşa Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Zooteknik Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-9138-4422; 0000-0002-5399-2395; AAG-9134-2021; AAH-2558-2021; AAI-2212-2021; 55944769400; 55236493200; 57207796431; 55808198600; 24335834100Flumethrin is one of many pesticides used for the control and treatment of varroatosis in honey bees and for the control of mosquitoes and ticks in the environment. For the control of varroatosis, flumethrin is applied to hives formulated as a plastic strip for several weeks. During this time, honey bees are treated topically with flumethrin, and hive products may accumulate the pesticide. Honey bees may indirectly ingest flumethrin through hygienic behaviors during the application period and receive low doses of flumethrin through comb wax remodeling after the application period. The goal of our study was to determine the acute oral toxicity of flumethrin and observe the acute effects on motor coordination in honey bees (Apis mellifera anatoliaca). Six doses (between 0.125 and 4.000 mu g per bee) in a geometric series were studied. The acute oral LD50 of flumethrin was determined to be 0.527 and 0.178 mu g per bee (n = 210, 95% CI) for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Orally administered flumethrin is highly toxic to honey bees. Oral flumethrin disrupted the motor coordination of honey bees. Honey bees that ingested flumethrin exhibited convulsions in the antennae, legs, and wings at low doses. At higher doses, partial and total paralysis in the antennae, legs, wings, proboscises, bodies, and twitches in the antennae and legs were observed.Item The effect of imidacloprid on sucrose sensitivity of the honey bee proboscis extension reflex(Oxford University Press, 2014) Polk, T. J.; Bowers, C.; Hranitz, John M.; Çakmak, Ilgın; Uludağ ÜniversitesiItem Effects of thiamethoxam on the behavior of foraging honey bees with artificial flower choices(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-02-15) Hranitz, John M.; Blatzheim, Lauren; Bower, Corey D.; Polk, Trimelle; Levinson, Brianna; Wells, Harington; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Arıcılık Geliştirme-Uygulama Geliştirme ve Araştırma Merkezi.The effects of thiamethoxam were studied on the foraging behavior of free-flying bees (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) visiting artificial flower patches of blue and white flowers. Thiamethoxam doses from 2 % to 40 % of the reported LD50 value were given to bees. The study consisted of three experimental parts performed sequentially without interruption. In part 1, we offered bees 6 μL of a 1M sucrose reward in both flower colors. In part 2 we offered bees 6 μL of 1.5 M sucrose solution in blue flowers and 6 μL of 0.5 M sucrose solution in white flowers. In part 3 we reversed the sucrose solution rewards values with respect to flower color. Each experiment began 30 min after administration of the insecticide. The number of bees foraged was recorded, as was flower patch visitation rate, number of flowers visited and flower choices of the bees that did return. The forager return rate declined linearly with increasing thiamethoxam dose and number of foraging trips of returning bees was also affected adversely. Out of 96 bees, the majority of unreturned (50) bees belonged to higher dosages of thiomethoxam groups. However, flower fidelity was not affected by thiamethoxam dose. Foragers visited both blue and white flowers extensively in experimental part 1 and showed greater fidelity for the flower color offering the higher molarity reward in parts 2 but there were less visits to flowers offering the higher molarity reward in part 3 indicating that the bees failed to learn what were the flowers with higher reward. Our study showed that thiamethoxam affected: the number of returning bees, the number of foraging trips and reward re-learning.Item Extending a hormetic stress model for ethanol to other chemical stresses affecting honey bees(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2014) Bower, C.; Abramson, Charles; Gune, N.; Hranitz, John M.; Çakmak, İ.; Uludağ Üniversitesi.Item Lethal and subethal effects of flumethrin (VAROSTOPA (R)) on the anatolian honey bee in the republic of Turkey(Oxford University, 2011-02) Duell, Meghan E.; Apted, Trent; Hall, N.; Albers, Leah M. Bates; Pendergraft, LomaJohn T.; Zuniga, Edier; Sorucu, Ali; Abramson, Charles, I; Barthell, John F.; Wells, Harrington; Hranitz, John M.; İkizoğlu, Didem; Selova, Semih; Aydın, Levent; Çakmak, İbrahim; Oruç, Hasan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Veterinerlik Parazitolojisi Anabilim Dalı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-5399-2395; AAI-2212-2021Item The neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid affects motor responses in honey bees(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2014) Levinson, B. M.; Blatzheim, L.; Bower, C.; Polk, T.; Lu, Daniel; Karahn, A.; Gune, N.; Cakmak, Ilgin; Hranitz, John M.; Wells, Harrington; Uludağ Üniversitesi.Item The neonicotinoid pesticide thiamethoxam affects motor responses and foraging behavior of honey bees(Oxford Univ Press, 2014) Blatzheim, L.; Bower, C.; Polk, T.; Lu, Daniel; Karahn, A.; Levinson, Benjamin; Gune, N.; Çakmak, İlgin; Hranitz, John M.; Wells, Harrington; Uludağ Üniversitesi.Item Pan traps and bee body size in unmanaged urban habitats(Pensoft Publishers, 2016-07-13) Gonzalez, Victor H.; Park, Kristen E.; Hranitz, John M.; Barthell, John F.; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Arıcılık Geliştirme-Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi.; AAH-2558-2021; 57207796431Pan traps are among the most popular methods employed to survey bees and changes in some functional traits, such as body size, are increasingly used to understand how bee communities and species respond to landscape changes. Herein we assess body size differences between bees captured at ground-level and elevated (70 cm) pan traps in unmanaged urban habitats in northwestern Turkey. We compare body size at the community level as well as for the sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum (Kirby) (Halictidae: Halictini), the most abundant species. We also compare the diversity, richness and abundance of bees sampled at both heights. A total of 31 species (13 genera of three families) were captured. We did not find significant differences in the abundance nor in the species richness between heights, and Simpson's indices were similar. At the community level, average intertegular distance was significantly greater in bees collected at the elevated traps than on the ground. Intertegular distances in L. malachurum did not differ between elevated and ground-level pan traps. Our results show an effect of pan trap height on bee body size in the urban habitat surveyed, thus suggesting that assessing bee body size from samples collected with either ground-level or elevated pan traps alone might result in biased estimates of this functional trait.Item Pollinator composition in three types of unmanaged urban habitats(Oxford University, 2016-03) Silva, Douglas Henrique; Hranitz, John M.; Barthell, John F.; Gonzalez, Victor H; İbrahim, Çakmak; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mustafakemalpaşa Meslek Yüksekokulu.Item Stress protein responses in honey bees: Is it useful to measure stress responses of individual bees in the hive(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Hranitz, John M.; Barthell, John F.; Abramson, Charles I.; Brubaker, Kristen D.; Wells, HarringtonEusociality provides honey bees a broad repertoire of responses, through a colony’s division of labor, to maintain hive homeostasis in the countenance of environmental perturbations. The hive dynamics instrumented by workers must be balanced against losses during periods of stress. Stress proteins, a component of the cellular stress response that is already characterized in species from bacteria to man, provide molecular protection against many stressors at the organismal level of biological organization. A capacious stress protein literature reveals several general patterns. Exposure to sublethal stress increases cellular stress protein concentrations and improves survival to subsequent stress. While promoting survival during periods of stress, over-expression of stress proteins during development may diminish expression of performance traits important later in life under different circumstances. The relatively few studies that have investigated stress responses in bees reveal relationships with abiotic stress (i.e. temperature, toxins) and oxidative stress associated with flight and alcohol consumption. Given the economic importance of the honey bee and the need to better understand how agricultural factors (e.g., hive management practices, pesticides, natural enemies) affect colony performance, investigations of the association between the stress response and performance traits in individual bees should be pursued in the future.Item Stress responses of honey bees to organic acid and essential oil treatments against varroa mites(Taylor & Francis, 2016-12-29) Hranitz, John M.; Mengilig, Sami; Selova, Semih; Güneş, Nazmiye; Aydın, Levent; Belenli, Deniz; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı.; AAI-1930-2021; 6506008074; 55808198600; 56743270100Natural medicines such as formic acid, oxalic acid, thymol and menthol have recently been used as alternative treatments against the honey bee parasitic mite varroa. The aim of this study was to observe and examine their impact on Heat Shock Proteins (HSP 70) in the brain tissues of bees. For this purpose, seven different treatment groups were created using various concentrations and administrations of formic and oxalic acid and thymol-menthol mixtures, including positive (untreated) and negative controls. The results showed that in the groups exposed to the varroa treatments, HSP 70 results were lower than those of the non-treated groups. HSP 70 results were lowest in the thymol-menthol mixture exposed group among the treated groups. We conclude that it would be more beneficial to prefer natural medicines against varroa, which lead to lower HSP 70 results which are the molecular determinants of stress.Item Sublethal imidacloprid effects on honey bee flower choices when foraging(Springer, 2015-11) Karahan, Ahmed; Hranitz, John M.; Karaca, İsmail; Wells, Harrington; Çakmak, İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Arıcılık Geliştirme Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi.; AAH-2558-2021; 57207796431Neonicotinoids, systemic neuro-active pesticides similar to nicotine, are widely used in agriculture and are being investigated for a role in honey bee colony losses. We examined one neonicotinoid pesticide, imidacloprid, for its effects on the foraging behavior of free-flying honey bees (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) visiting artificial blue and white flowers. Imidacloprid doses, ranging from 1/5 to 1/50 of the reported LD50, were fed to bees orally. The study consisted of three experimental parts performed sequentially without interruption. In Part 1, both flower colors contained a 4 mu L 1 M sucrose solution reward. Part 2 offered bees 4 mu L of 1.5 M sucrose solution in blue flowers and a 4 mu L 0.5 M sucrose solution reward in white flowers. In Part 3 we reversed the sugar solution rewards, while keeping the flower color consistent. Each experiment began 30 min after administration of the pesticide. We recorded the percentage of experimental bees that returned to forage after treatment. We also recorded the visitation rate, number of flowers visited, and floral reward choices of the bees that foraged after treatment. The forager return rate declined linearly with increasing imidacloprid dose. The number of foraging trips by returning bees was also affected adversely. However, flower fidelity was not affected by imidacloprid dose. Foragers visited both blue and white flowers extensively in Part 1, and showed greater fidelity for the flower color offering the higher sugar solution reward in Parts 2 and 3. Although larger samples sizes are needed, our study suggests that imidacloprid may not affect the ability to select the higher nectar reward when rewards were reversed. We observed acute, mild effects on foraging by honey bees, so mild that storage of imidacloprid tainted-honey is very plausible and likely to be found in honey bee colonies.