2008 Cilt 1 Sayı 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/3647

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The debate over recent recorded crime in Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Bahar, Halil İbrahim; Fert, İsmail
Publication of official recorded crime figures is a new practice in Turkey. The recording of crime figures in a professional and unbiased fashion has led to the publication of a range of tables in the context of crime and criminal justice. Since the first figures were published, in 2004, it has been possible to track increases in crime and this has placed the criminal justice system firmly on the political agenda. The debate over the recorded crime statistics has raged, with the government, the opposition, media and the general public all becoming involved. In the case of society at large it would appear that the fear of becoming a victim of crime has increased. Throughout this debate, law and order has become a political issue. At the same time in Turkey the concept of social support mechanisms is also being widely debated. What role do crime statistics play in the individual’s right to a sense of personal security? To what degree can the figures be considered accurate? This work attempts to pull together the changes in recorded crimes which affect the public for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. Specifically murder, theft, all forms of immoral behavior, assault and fraud which, taken together, constitute a significant portion of the recorded crime figures. It will be seen that for some crimes there would appear to have been a dramatic increase. Exactly what is increasing in the measurement of recorded crime in Turkey?
Family structure and differential child abuse: The role of siblings
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Ohlander, Julianne; Chew, Kenneth
The relationship between child abuse and sibling configuration, including the number of siblings, the number of years between siblings, birth order, and the agesex distribution of the siblings, was explored in the context of competing models of child outcomes. Equal probability sampling was used to extract archival child protection histories for 108 multi-child families, at least one of whose children was the reported victim of physical or sexual abuse. Random-effects Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to the resulting observations on 332 children in separate models for physical and sexual abuse. The results suggest that children are safer when they live with numerous, older, or widely spaced siblings, controlling for adult composition and prior victimization. Because perpetrators seek privacy, siblings may deter abuse through routine surveillance. Numerous, older, or widely spaced siblings might increase surveillance.
Female gang members from East Los Angeles
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Vigil, James Diego
East Los Angeles cholas are the female counterparts of the cholos, the latter the street gang members that come from marginal situations and conditions. While there has been little research on female gang members overall, the role of females in the street life is significant. Sisters, girlfriends, and other relatives share the same backgrounds as male gang members but additionally carry on traditions of their own. Female gang cliques sometimes operate alongside the males, but mostly they are auxiliaries to the established gang. Domestic violence plaques the females but they also occasionally participate in street violence. Social life revolves dating, courting, partying, and sexual encounters and here females play a pivotal role. Dress, make-up, and other customs distinguish females from males in the street life that is the gang world.
The degradation of athenian women in the phallicratic polis
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Vasillopulos, Christopher
The rise of hoplite-democracy and the virtual imprisonment of respectable women in the oikos (household) and the more extreme exploitation of all other women for male convenience and pleasure was no paradox of the Athenian conception of freedom. The increase in the power and wealth of Athens implied (in the male-dominated politics of the day) that respectable women, i.e., those who might bear legitimate heirs, had to be kept under close supervision, lest this all-important function be compromised, thereby jeopardizing the all the gains Athens had procured since the victory at Marathon. Self-consciously Athenians related hoplite democracy to their remarkable and sudden success. Equally, they appreciated their vulnerability, individually and politically, to domestic uncertainty. Their remedy was not merely to sequester their wives and daughters, but to degrade women generally. This process was more than an expression of male arbitrariness or an adolescent desire to have women serve male needs, cheerfully, instantly, obediently and without complication. It was seen as essential to the survival of Athens as a political entity. The Phallicratic Polis has twin foundations: (1) the need to deliver effective martial valor at the behest of the polis; (2) the need to secure domestic order, so that the oikos, the most important under-lying social unit of the polis, could protect family succession and property, and ultimately the polis itself.
Globalization, justice and the demonization of youth
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Eisler, Lauren; Schissel, Bernard
In recent years, policy changes implemented by the Canadian government-- including the proportionate reduction of monies spent on health, education, and social programs—have had a direct impact on the youth criminal justice system in Canada. These policy changes have had a direct impact on Canadian youth who are, in many ways, the most disenfranchised citizens in Canadian society. We discuss the evolution of the Canadian youth justice system and the implementation of the Youth Criminal Justice System and analyze how public policy and public sentiment work together to legitimate the identification and management of specific groups targeted as problematic. In the end, we theorize on the place that children and youth hold in the global world and argue that global capital creates a context in which the labour of children and youth is vital to global economics but devalued in the eyes of the world. We relate the ideological condemnation of children and youth by the justice system to their exploited place in the global labour market.
Prognostics of recidivism for incarcerated juvenile offenders: More evidence
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Mbuba, Jospeter M.; Grenier, Charles E.
Considerable effort has been made in the past to identify reliable predictors of recidivism for incarcerated juvenile offenders, but with mixed results. This study draws extensively on previous research to produce a parsimonious set of reliable predictors from a large pool of potential indicators, using data available from a large sample of dischargees from a secure state facility in the state of Louisiana. Sociodemographic profiles and delinquent histories of 1,319 juvenile offenders released during the 1999/2000 fiscal year were systematically distilled and from a wide array of potential predictors, a multi-method analysis revealed the following as the most reliable predictors of recidivism in the order of significance: offense type, drug use, peer influence, seriousness of the offense, alcohol use, age at first adjudication, and duration of incarceration.
Using social scientific methodological approaches to reducing risk: How the risk reduction approach works with oil and gas faculties
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Ballard, James David; Dilger, Fred C.
The global oil and gas industry is one key target for terrorists with impacts from attacks creating social problems for many societies that produce and use these energy products. This paper offers a methodology by which the risks of terrorism for this industrial segment can be articulated within an organizational context. Identifying the types of attacks that may transpire, the various motives for these attacks and conceptualizing strategies that allow the industry to address the risks of attacks moves the security onus from government to industry, a move that the authors believe is warranted and necessary
The other global drugs crisis: Assessing the scope, impacts and drivers of the trade in dangerous counterfeit pharmaceuticals
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Yar, Majid
This paper deals with a topic heretofore largely neglected in studies of health and social policy, namely the challenge presented by the growing global trade in dangerous counterfeit medicines. Empirically, the scope and scale of this trade is assessed, along with its public health risks and impacts. Analytically, a range of social, political and economic processes are identified as contributing to this problem. These include the impact of on-going neo-liberal globalisation and the emergence of patent regimes that favour the developed over the developing nations. Current anti-counterfeiting policy initiatives, at both national and trans-national levels, are also critically examined. It is argued that such measures are unlikely to be effective unless combined with more radical challenges to the chronic lack of access to safe medicinal drugs in the developing world.
In a time of rapid social change: Organized crime in Asia and the Pacific
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Shaw, Victor
This paper examines organized crime in Asia and the Pacific. First is a historical and contextual review of organized crime and efforts to counter it. Followed is an analysis of major social forces around and behind organized crime, from failure of the state, dysfunction of the economy, advanced communications and transportation, globalization, and the lure of profit, to the power of organization. The third part explores organized crime with respect to its organizational bases, criminal activities, business models, and other essential patterns or characteristics. The paper points out that organized crime thrives on rapid, drastic, and multifaceted social change. Asia and the Pacific, as a dynamic region of expanding economic development, deepening political reform, and sweeping cultural transformation, will have to face and fight organized crime and various other forms of criminality in unprecedented volumes, forms, and complexities.

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