Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi / Uludağ Journal of Economy and Society

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An overall view of structural changes in Turkey: The republican era (1923-1983) - I. The Ottoman heritage
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1984) Sezal, İhsan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi.
Any comprehensive research about The Republican Turkey has got to start off with a brief analysis of the Ottoman Turkey for the very simple reason that the contemporary Turkey is what is left, both geographically and historically-and for that matter in its entirety-out of the Ottoman Empire, after the decisive defeat of World War I. With this contention before concentrating fully on our selected focal point, namely that of structural changes in the Republican Turkey it is apt to mention briefly some of the salient features of the later years of the Ottoman Empire. An Empire which had reached its peak in the XVI. Century, surpassed the other majour European powers economically, militarily, technologically and culturally, but lost its superiority in the last two centuries of its 627 years reign due to maltifarious factors generated both within and without and finally disintegrated into more than two dozen nation states, The Republican Turkey being one of them.
Analysis of the taxation of professional sportsmen in Turkey: a comparison with Germany
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Kılıçaslan, Harun; Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi/Maliye Bölümü.
In this paper is explained the taxation of the salaried professional sportsmen under the domestic law of Turkey and Germany. There are special regulations in the Turkish income tax law where the professional sportsmen are treated separately. In contrast to the Turkish income tax law, the salaried professional sportsmen in the German income tax law are not treated separately. There are no special tax rates or otherwise tax breaks applied. The tax burden on salaried professional sportsmen in Germany is significantly higher than in Turkey. In this work, you come to the conclusion that the tax rates of the salaried professional sportsmen in Turkey too low is. Although with this regulation the indirect support of sport intended is, there is lack of sufficient social and economic reasons for this application. The fundament of this paper is law.
Applying knowledge discovery and data mining techniques on data of Erzurum Chamber of Commerce
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2004) Özdemir, Abdulkadir; Ayık, Y. Ziya
Continuous growing data through out the world creates the problem of accessing the data in the required format and on the right time where it needed. Therefore the need for accessing and using the implicit knowledge in the data forces us to develop new software and hardware technologies. Consequently, Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD), one of the data processing techniques, has been appeared. Data Mining (DM) has been developed as a method acquiring knowledge from the data in knowledge discovery. In this study, database and building data warehouse are explained, and theoretical information is given for the KDD. As an application study, first the steps of the knowledge discovery in database are applied on a data warehouse which is built by using real data of members of Erzurum Chamber of Commerce, second some hidden information in the data is discovered and finally the results are organized as a report.
An approach to measurıng brand loyalty ın the Turkısh automotıve sector
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Şenel, Mine
In the study conducted on the basis of an empirical research in the Turkish automotive sector, it was aimed, using fuzzy logic theory and a structural equation modeling, to establish the casual relationship between three latent variables -which have an impact on purchase considerations and create the service supplier powerand customer satisfaction, and to reveal the effects of customer satisfaction and brand reputation on customer loyalty. The data obtained were defuzzified by fuzzy logic theory and were processed by reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The degree of influence of factors considered to have an impact on the subject in the developed brand loyalty modeling were determined using structural equation modeling application. In the results, it was found that customer satisfaction is a prerequisite of brand loyalty. It is seen that the price perception of consumers and their value perceptions regarding attributes of the vehicles have an impact on customer satisfaction.
Automotive industry: Economic effects of foreign direct investments in Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015) Günşen, İhsan
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and automobile industry have inseparable relationship. The academic studies reveal that FDI has generally positive effects on employment, human recourses, management training, GDP, productivity, export and spillover effects on local industry. In this study the economic effects of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI’s) on the Turkish Automotive Industry have been analyzed between 1997 and 2010 in terms of export, productivity and employment. The results show significant FDI contribution to the Turkish automotive industry in all three areas considered. The results show that foreign direct investment has significant positive effects on Turkish economy. Policy makers should encourage such investments to stimulate the domestic markets.
Can we forecast return natıonal-financial index for İstanbul stock exchange?
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2005) Sevüktekin, Mustafa; Nargeleçekenler, Mehmet; Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisat İdare Bilimler Fakültesi/Ekomometri Bölümü.
Recently a substantial part of the macro-economic research has been underpinned by time series analysis. Two themes attract attention in time series analysis, which are examination of the data generating process and forecasting making use of the same data. In this study, we analyze the properties of univariate time series, unit root tests, and forecasting for the daily return of national financial index of Istanbul Stock Exchange (NFI). The unit root tests employed reveals that the daily return of national financial series are non-stationary. Afterwards, we estimated alternative ARIMA(p,d,q) models forecasting we calculated forecast accuracy measures. According to results of all of counted forecast performance measures are approximately equal to each other. But the more explicitly, we can say that if we compare to the four forecast accuracy measures together, ARIMA (1,0,0) model is the best.
Criteria for choice of production techniques in a developing economy
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1982) Runowicz, Adam
The author states that after long disputes the theory of choice of production techniques in a developing economy has reached a "draw" position. The maximization of the long term rate of growth adopted as a strategic goal of choice of production techniques in all past theoretical considerations, has not proved very fertile. While in a highly developed economy economic growth also ensures the development of the whole economy, in a developing economy the situation is reversed: growth with no development is possible. Strategy should, therefore, focus on the maximization of the rate of development and not of the growth rate. This sheds a completely new light on the problem of choice of production techniques. In principle, these considerations are confined to developing economies, although many comments and conclusions may to a greater or lesser extent be applied to any economy in which a programme of econoınic development is being implemented. In the new approach to the problem the choice of production techniques must be subordinated to structural changes, i.e. to the development of the whole economy and not, as has been fashionable so far, to the maximization of the growth rate as the main strategic goal.
Cross-industry and simple location quotient techniques for constructing regional input -output models
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1984) Öztürk, Ahmet; Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi.
Within the last twenty years, an increasing number of policy decisions at all levels of governmental and business enterprises have required on extensive knowledge of regional economic conditions. A regional input-output or inte industry model can help business firms and govermental bodies to take decisions about investments and development projects in a region. As we know, a regional input-output model represents the structure of a regional economy at sectoral !evel. So an analyst or a manager by using the model can understand the potentiality of a regional sector and its production flow in monetary or physical terms. This information can help the managers to take decisions in their investment projects. A regional input-output model can assist in other studies by collecting and presenting regional data in analytically useful form. Especially, it is chosen as a main planning tool for regional development. On the other hand, a regional input-output model can be useful in the analysis of environmental and ecological problems in a region. The purpose of this paper is to explain cross-industry and simple location quotient techniques in it construction of a regional input-output models.
Cyber attacks against turkey right after shotting down Russian su-24 aircaraft
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018) Darıcılı, Ali Burak
Russian Federation (RF), which has an effective cyber attack capacity at the global level, does not hesitate to use this capacity as a pressure instrument for the states in which it has problems in foreign policy. Examples of this policy include cyber attacks allegedly carried out against Estonia in 2007, Georgia and Lithuania in 2008, and Kyrgyzstan in 2009. November 24, 2015 Date of Turkish F-16 of airspace after the lowering of a Russian Su-24 aircraft that violate December 14, 2015 date in Turkey's mainly financial institutions that target "DDoS" attacks include similarities with the specified cyber attacks On the other hand, it should be taken into consideration that even though the attacks can be claimed to be of RF origin, the cyber space can easily hide the real identity of the attacker due to its anonymous structure. In this context, it may never be clear that such cyber attacks are planned by RF. This is due to the anonymous structure of cyber space. However, in this article, it will be tried to analyze why cyber attacks are likely to be caused by RF.
The early stages of industrialization and economic development in Turkey
(1986) Barutçugil, İsmet S.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi.
The period of 1923-1950 has a significant role and importance in the industrialization and economic development of Turkey. The Failure of liberal economic policies of 1923-1929 lead the Turkish Government to accept the principles of Etatism and planned industrial development. Althought the period is rather short, the 1930-1938 era created deep effects in Turkish Economy. Wartime economy of the years of Second World War and the following process of democratization had ungoing effects for long years. This article, deals with the developments of the said period and the discussions and the experiences in order to enlighten today 's economic structure and philosophy.
Economic relations between Turkey and the U.S.A.
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1986) Barutçugil, İsmet Sabit; Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi.
This paper intends to deal with the past, present and the future of Turkish-American relations. Firstly, the main points of the development of relations beginning from the Truman Doctrine of post World War II to the arms embargo of 1974 were briefly explained. Here, emphasize was given to the major implications of American aid to Turkey during the 50's. Secondly, the pace and nature of the development of Turkish-American trade in recent years was studied. In particular, the problems of exporting Turkish textiles to the U.S. markets were discussed. In the last part of the paper, the significance of Turkish-American relations for the future, some causes of today 's problems and the ways to improve the relations are discussed briefly.
The effects of covid-19 crisis on energy markets of the world and Turkey
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020) Kavaz, İsmail
The Covid-19 pandemic has deeply affected many areas of life. Energy markets are one of the sectors that mostly suffer from this process. These markets faced serious shocks as a result of negative reflections of the Covid-19 epidemic. The decline in global oil demand in this period brought along a sharp decrease in prices in a very short time. During the pandemic period, the stagnation in economic activities caused a decline in electricity consumption as in the oil. In brief, many countries had to change their demand patterns on energy resources during the epidemic period. On the other hand, Turkey has experienced this process more positively compared to many countries. As being dependent on external suppliers in petroleum products, Turkey purchased the cheap oil from the market and stored this energy sources when the prices were low. Therefore, a significant advantage has been provided in terms of reducing the energy bill of the country. In addition, in the period of the epidemic spread around Europe and an important decrease to be seen in the electricity consumption of countries in here, Turkey has shown a good performance. The electricity consumption amount that is parallel with the increase in economic activities has indicated that industrial and commercial operations did not slowdown in Turkey as much as the European countries during the epidemic period. This study evaluates the developments in energy markets in the world and Turkey by discussing how the epidemic started to show its negative effects. In this sense, the study aims to analyze the energy markets in terms of consumption-price movements and develop policy recommendations for the post-crisis period.
Effects of economic indicators on employment phenomena
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015) Terzioğlu, M. Kenan; Akın, Yasemin Kaldere; Doğangün, Aslı
The objective of this article is to analyze long-and short-term interactions of employment levels in Turkey with growth and general price levels using appropriate time series analysis methods. In this article, the stationary status of variables was investigated and analyzed. To understand long-term relationships, cointegration analysis was employed and general to specific models and vector auto regression was used for short-term dynamic interactions of variables. Moreover, to determine the power of variables to affect other variables as a result of applied shocks, impulse-response and variance decomposition analyses were conducted. The results show that in years when economic growth positively affects on employment in the short-term, it does not have the same effect on the long-term and when general price levels reflected high values, employment realizes high rates.
The efficiency illusion of gross margin analysis: A case for value added comparison
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1984) Okuneye, P. A.
One of the issues that should guide agricultural planners in the formulation of policies is efficiency measurement. Policies that centre on the efficient use of resources will aid the achievement of a rapid agricultural development. Planners usually adopt the price or allocative efficiency and technical efficiency as criteria for choosing between projects and policies. Price efficiency is based on a measure of marginal product and the opportunity cost. A resource is efficiently utilised if its marginal value product is equal to its marginal factor cost.
The evolution of institutional economics
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Rutherford, Malcolm; Yılmaz, Feridun; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi.
Malcolm Rutherford is Professor of Economics at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, and the leading authority on the history of American institutional economics. He has published widely on this topic in History of Political Economy, Journal of the History of Economic Thought, European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Journal of Economic Perspectives, and Labor History. He is the author of Institutions in Economics: The Old and the New Institutionalism (Cambridge University Press, 1994) and The Institutionalist Movement in American Economics, 1918-1947, Science and Social Control (Cambridge University Press, 2011). Professor Rutherford has served as President of the History of Economics Society and the Association for Evolutionary Economics.
Expectations regarding the economic and political situation in the 2007 election period: the case of Bursa
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Murat, Dilek; Işığıçok, Erkan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisat İdare Bilimler Fakültesi/Ekonometri Bölümü.
Presidential and general elections projected to take place in 2007 are to cause some important decisions to be made regarding the future of Turkey’s politics and economics. Before and after the election, some changes are expected especially in economic parameters and conjuncture. In this context, it is important for the public to express their views and expectations about the politics and economy. For this purpose, a questionnaire form consisting of 55 questions was prepared and applied four months before the election in March 2007 to one thousand and one hundred ninety nine people living in Bursa. As a result of this study, in the March 2007 period the satisfaction of the people in Bursa with some issues, their confidence in some institutions, their opinions about current and old political parties, and their expectations, tendencies and views regarding economic and political situation about the past, current and future period were established. Besides, current AKP government’s performance regarding the economic, political, foreign relations and other issues were also determined. Furthermore, the factors affecting the issues such as the level of confidence of people in Bursa in the government (1=confidence, 0=no confidence) and their satisfaction with the current economic situation (1=yes, 0=no) were researched with binary logistic regression analysis that is accepted as the member of advance nonparametric methods set.
Fear politics and Australia’s asylum policies
(2006) Babacan, Alperhan
Although the politics of fear is not a new tool used by governments for political gain, it’s application to asylum seekers reaching Australia has been intensified since the 1990s. This article broadly traces the use of the politics of fear between the late 1990’s and 2001 and its negative impact on asylum seekers. Between this period, the Australian government has negatively portrayed asylum seekers as people who associate with ‘criminals’ and/or ‘potential terrorists’ and who are not worthy of Australia’s compassion and assistance. Through the creation of a sense of anxiety and insecurity against the arrival asylum seekers, substantial changes were made to Australia’s asylum polices, which continue to provide a significant barrier for asylum seekers to overcome. It is argued that such a negative portrayal of asylum seekers are convenient images that are used to ‘justify’ the governments’ intention of curbing the rights of asylum seekers.
A field study on top management training potentials of Turkish universities
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Çiftçioğlu, B. Aydem; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi/İşletme Bölümü.
The main aim of higher education institutions and education systems is to give the technical, practical, behavioral knowledge and skills necessary for business life in order to have a successful professional career. When evaluated in this context, one of the top career steps or titles that individuals can reach in their professional life in commercial business is to be the general manager (CEO) of a company. In this context, for many young people who are at the beginning of their career or who are try to choose a profession, the way and methods that the general manager or CEO of a commercial enterprise tracks are treated as role models. The educational backgrounds of the CEOs, the methods they follow in their career steps, and the positions they work on the way to the CEO, inspire many high school students in their choice of department in universities as well as universities preferences. It is an important university ranking index followed by students from the "Alma Mater Index" created by David Matthews of Times Higher Education to facilitate university choices according to the employment performance of the universities graduates of the students. Main aim of this study, it to investigate Turkish universities senior manager training performance with Alma Mater Index methodology among Fortune Turkey 500 Big Turkish Companies listed firms’ general managers.
Financial depth and informality: The case of Turkey
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019) Dalgıç, Yasin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi/İktisat Bölümü.
This study focuses the relationship between informality and credit channel in Turkey. Using the social security registration criteria of the employees as a measurement of informality and ratio of total bank credits divided by total GDP as a proxy for financial depth, it is intended to clarify whether use of bank credits increases the incentives of the firms and individuals to become formal and decrease the informality level in Turkey. The data covers 2004- 2014 period and analyses are carried on NUTS2 regional data. The panel data regressions with fixed and random effect are conducted and estimations include various regional control variables related with age, education, sector and firm size. The estimation results suggest that there is a strong negative relationship between the financial depth and informal employment in Turkey, even after controlling for several regional effects. This outcome draws attention to some critical implications for policymakers in terms of the importance of credit channel in the economy such as increased availability or ease of getting bank credits in the economy can promote formal employment.
Human capital dimension of dıgitalization: A comparative study for Turkey and Russia
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-06) Sezen, Hayrettin Kemal; Briukhanova, Natalia
In this study, the Human Capital dimension of I-DESI digitalization index is focused for comparing the level of digitalization of Turkey and Russia. The index scores are listed for four sub-dimensions of the human capital dimension. Some descriptive statistics are presented and some figures are showed for the years studied. The variations for some period are determined if enough data exists. Within the framework of the findings, policy recommendations are put forward for leveraging digital transformation. It is seen that the recommendations vary for Turkey and Russia.

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