2011 Cilt 5 Sayı 15

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/16913

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Diversity of community soil DNA and bacteria in degraded and undegraded tropical forest soils of north-eastern India as measured by ERIC–PCR fingerprints and 16s rDNA-DGGE profiles
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Singh, Sorokhaibam S.; Schloter, Michael; Tiwari, Subhash Chandra; Dkhar, Mamtaz S.
The analysis of the denaturated gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified 16S rDNA fingerprints demonstrated a high diversity of bacterial communities in the soils from the three study sites at the surface and subsurface soil layers. The undegraded site possessed maximum number of 16S rDNA fingerprints than the degraded and undegraded sites at both soil depths. The surface soil of the degraded site displayed minimum 16S rDNA fingerprints thereby suggesting the reduced bacterial diversity in this site as a consequence of the long term utilization of the soil through shifting cultivation in the past. The cluster analysis of the DGGE bands of 16S rDNA genes revealed a clear separation of the degraded and moderately degraded sites from that of the undegraded site in terms of bacterial genomic communities.
How may trichoderma application affect vegetative and qualitative traits in tulip darwin hybride cultivar
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Mazhabi, Morteza; Nemati, Hossein; Rouhani, Hamid; Tehranifar, Ali; Moghadam, Esmat Mahdikhani; Kaveh, Hamed
To study the effect of Trichoderma harzianum Bi on qualitative and quantitative traits of tulip including stem length and diameter, bud diameter, petal length, bulb perimeter and bulblet number, an experiment based on completely randomized design with 8 replications were completed in situ. Main media mixture was 40% of coco peat+ 40 of field soil+ 20% of perlite. Treatments included enriched coco peat with trichoderma in different concentrations (0, 20, 50 and 100%) of total coco peat. Results showed that 100 and 50% of enriched coco peat significantly increased stem length and diameter. These treatments also had an effect on bud diameter significantly. Petal length was also affected by 100% of enriched coco peat treatment in comparison to control. All treatments (20, 50 and 100%) had a significant effect on bulblet appearance in both mature and immature bulbs. Mature bulb perimeter was significantly affected by all treatments although immature bulb perimeter was only affected by 50 and 100% treatments. Flower bud formation in immature bulbs which was treated with 50 and 100% of enriched coco peat increased significantly in comparison to control. Totally it seems that trichoderma increases tulip cut flower quality traits and induces maturity in immature bulbs.
Would trichoderma affect seed germination and seedling quality of two muskmelon cultivars, khatooni and qasri and increase their transplanting success?
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Kaveh, Hamed; Jartoodeh, Safieh Vatandoost; Aruee, Hossein; Mazhabi, Morteza
In order to investigate effect of Trichoderma harzianum Bi on seed germination and seedling quality and field establishment of two muskmelon cultivars, Khatooni and Qasri, different tests was done at greenhouse and field. 4 concentration of trichoderma solution, control (0), 25%, 50% and 100% (Mazhabi 2010) in a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design and ten replications with 10 seeds in each replication placed in Petri-dishes to evaluate germination percentage and germination index. Emergence tests were carried out in seedling trays which were filled with enriched coco peat in 4 different concentrations, and then emergence percentage and index calculated during two weeks. Four weeks after emergence of first seedling, 5 seedlings per replication were selected randomly and shoot length and diameter, length of longest root and total dry weight of plugs measured. , successful transplantation percentage (STP) evaluated using two methods of trichoderma application in 4 different concentrations. Results show that trichoderma application significantly increased germination and emergence percentage and index and could help improving seedling health and vigor.STP was significantly affected by trichoderma application and 1st method of application had better results.
Sewage sludge application in soil improved leafy vegetable growth
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Haghighi, Maryam
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sludge application on growth rate of three leafy vegetable spinach, celery and lettuce. Treatment design in control and 0.7 mg/kg dry weight of soil. Results showed that sludge was highly effective in celery growth compare to spinach and lettuce and increased dry and fresh weight of celery significantly. Photosynthesis rate improved after 4 and 8 weeks in all three vegetables. Antioxidant activity showed that positive effect of sludge in availability of nutrient and prevention the stress of nutrient shortage in plants.
How salinity affect germination and emergence of tomato lines
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Kaveh, Hamed; Nemati, Hossein; Farsi, Mohammad; Jartoodeh, Safieh Vatandoost
PHigh salt concentrations in soil and irrigation water restrict establishment and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Correcting saline condition in field and greenhouse would be expensive and temporary while selection and breeding for salt tolerance can be a wise solution to minimize salinity effects as well as improve production efficiency. In order to find any kind of tolerance to saline condition, effects of four salinity levels in irrigation water (0.5, 2.5, 5, and 10 ds·m−1 ) on seed germination and seedling emergence, and growth of tomato lines LA3770, R205, CT6, Fla, and ME were investigated in a greenhouse. Germination percentage and rate, emergence percentage and rate of all tomato lines were delayed and decreased by salinity increasing from 2.5 ds·m−1 to 10 ds·m−1 . All seedling growth characters, except seedling height, were decreased with increasingly salinity levels. At germination and emergence stage, LA 3770 were more tolerant to salinity than others.
Low temperature resistance of developing flower buds of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Pakkish, Zahra; Rahemi, Majid; Panahi, Bahman
Percentage freeze damaged flower buds was estimated for four cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) ‛Kalle-Ghuchi’, ‛Owhadi’, ‛Ahmad-Aghaei’ and ‛Akbari’ were determined. Samples were collected from bud swell stage to post bloom stage in 2008 and 2009. Four pistachio cultivars showed similar distribution of mortality during blossom bud development from bud swell to post bloom. During this period, the critical temperature for survival among the 4 cultivars in bud swell, green tip, tight cluster, full bloom and post bloom stage was -15°C, -12°C, -8°C, -4°C and -4°C respectively. Therefore, hardiness decreased as the stage of phenophase bud development increased. The tested pistachio cultivars exhibited less damage level in ‛Off’ trees from ‛On’ trees.
In situ ruminal crude protein and starch degradability of some grains and byproduct feeds in Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Gençoğlu, Hıdır; Biricik, Hakan; Kara, Çagdaş; Türkmen, İbrahim İsmet; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.
The objective of this study was to evaluate in situ ruminal crude protein and starch degradabilities of some grains and byproduct feeds in sheep. Ingredients evaluated were corn (C), wheat (W), hazelnut meal (HM), corn gluten feed (CGF), and sunflower meal (SFM). Three ruminally cannulated 3 years of age male Merino sheep with an average initial body weight of 50±5 kg, 3 years of age, were housed in 1.22 x 1.70 m. Each sheep was fed with 1.0 kg/day alfalfa hay and 0.6 kg/day mixed concentrates containing 29% C, 22% W, 20% SFM and 29% soybean meal on dry matter (DM) basis and 25.0 g CaCO3, 1.0 g vitamin-mineral premix and 10.0 g NaCL. The bags were placed into the ventral rumen after morning feeding in quadruplicate at each time point in each sheep for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. The crude protein (CP) of HM was 21.6 and 27.87 percentage units higher than for CP of SFM and CGF, respectively. Ruminal effective degradability of crude protein calculated as a percentage of nutrients were 88.3%, 85.2%, 78.3%, 60.6% and 55.9% for W, CGF, HM, SFM and C, respectively and of starch were 92.8%, 67.9% and 61.6% for W, C and CGF, respectively. This study provides estimates of kinetics of ruminal degradation of feeds for using the accuracy of formulation of sheep diets.
Qualitative and economic land suitability evaluation for tea (camellia sinensis L.) in sloping area of Guilan, Iran
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Foshtomi, Mitra Darvishi; Norouzi, Mehdi; Rezaei, Mojtaba; Akef, Mehdi; Akbarzadeh, Ali
In the present study and research work, land suitability evaluation (qualitative and economic classification) has been determined for tea in an area including 5000 ha in sloping lands of Guilan province in Iran. In the study area, eight soil series and three orders (Inceptisols, Entisols and Alfisols) were identified. The simple limitation method, the limitation method regarding number and intensity and the parametric methods including the Square root and the Storie methods were used for qualitative land suitability evaluation. Results of first and second methods showed similar marginally suitability classes (S3). According to these methods, the most important limiting factors were climate, topography and physical soil characteristics. Moreover, results of Storie method showed unsuitable condition for tea cultivation (N2), except one land unit, which had non-suitable but correctable conditions (N1). In addition, results of Square root method showed unsuitable condition for one and non-suitable conditions but correctable for six land units and just one land unit had marginally suitable land classes. Economic land suitability evaluation showed that four land units had marginally suitability, three land units had moderately suitability (S2), and only one of them had the highest class (S1) and the best gross benefits. Sloping area in Guilan used to be covered by forest, but regarding to the highly destruction of plant cover and deforestation in order to tea cultivation, an intensive erosion in the area is predict to happen in future.
Quality of life and exposition to unhealthy lifestyle risk factors of nocturnal university students from a greater metropolitan city
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Ferrari, Carlos Kusano Bucalen; Ferreira, Roberta Frania
Quality of life is affected by many factors which are linked to psychological stress and anxiety, and unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits. The present study had the objective of evaluate the quality of life and dietary habits of students from a private university in Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil. Quality of life was evaluated by the “WHOQOL-bref” questionnaire. Dietary habits were evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire. A representative sample of 72 students was randomly selected. Inadequate weekly dietary intake of fats (75%) and sedentary behavior were higher (55.5%). In relation to the quality of life, 7% had considered bad, and 41.7% were not satisfied with themselves. Furthermore, 14.4% reported having affective problems (anxiety, depression, bad mood, and desperate feelings) frequently or always, and 32.4%, sometimes. 8.33% were not satisfied with their body appearance. 50% reported ingested meat and meat products at least 5 times per week. Dietary intake of fruits (18%), vegetables (23.62%), and cereals (15.28%) at least 5 times per week was very lower, considering the nutritional recommendations. On the contrary, the dietary intake of legumes, specially beans, reached 44.45% at least 5 times a week. It should be concluded that sedentary behavior and dietary fat intake were higher, whereas dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, and cereals was very poor. Those students were too much afflicted by affective and self-esteem disorders.
Biosorption of copper ions by marine brown alga fucus vesiculosus
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Asbchin, Salman Ahmady; Mohammadi, Mehdi
Copper is present in different types of industrial effluents, being responsible for environmental pollution. Biosorption of heavy metals can be an effective process for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The biomass of marine algae has been reported to have high uptake capacities for a number of heavy metal ions. In this paper, the adsorption properties of a pre-treated biomass of marine algae Fucus vesiculosus it was collected near Bushehr, Persian Gulf in Iran, for Cu (II) were investigated. Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies were carried out for the biosorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution using the algae brown biomass from batch adsorption experiments. Langmuir, Freundlich and DubininRadushkevich (D-R) isotherm models were applied to describe the biosorption of the Cu (II) ions onto FV biomass. The equilibrium time was about 340 min and the adsorption equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir’s equation. Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity has been extrapolated to 1.85 mmol g_1. All these observations indicate that the Copper biosorption on FV is mainly based on ion exchange mechanism and this biomass could be then a suitable sorbent for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters. This study demonstrated that the biomass of FV could be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of Copper (II) containing wastewater streams.
Development of NaCl-tolerant line in tanacetum cinerariaefolium (trevir.) schultzbip through shoot organogenesis of selected callus line
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Abdi, Gholamreza; Hedayat, Mohammad; Khui, Morteza Khush
Plants were regenerated successfully through shoot organogenesis of a NaCl-selected callus line of Tanacetum cinerariaefolium (Trevir.) Schultz-Bip developed through stepwise increase in NaCl concentration in MS medium. Increasing NaCl level concentration (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45mM) from low level to high level was found to be a better way to isolate NaCltolerant callus line, since direct transfer of callus to high saline medium was detrimental to callus survival and growth. Among different media and growth regulator treatments, MS media containing 1 mgl-1 BA and 1 mg l-1 NAA or 1 mgl-1 BA, 2 mgl-1 NAA and 0.5 mgl-1 GA3 for shoot organogenesis in selected callus line and B5 medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1 NAA showed best response for root regeneration. As increasing NaCl concentrations (From 0 to 45 mM) the ability of shoot and root regeneration were decreased. The selected callus line showed significance increase in proline content and decrease in pyretrine content. Based on growth performance and proline content (20 mM in callus line and 35 mM in shoot culture) could be considered as NaCltolerant line showing all positive adaptive features towards the salinity stress. Further studies about agronomic performance of obtained plants under saline soil condition are necessary for understanding to check the genetic stability of the induced salttolerance plants.
A GIS-based method for shallow lake eutrophication assessment
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Akdeniz, Serkut; Karaer, Feza; Katip, Aslıhan; Aksoy, Ertuğrul; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Toprak Bölümü.
Because of the rapidly increasing pollution in Lake Uluabat, which is one of the significant shallow lakes of Turkey and has been announced to be a Ramsar Area, eutrophic state evaluation based on geographic information system was performed. The eutrophication level of the lake is determined with the help of a 0 – 100 scale based on TSI calculations and secchi disc depth (SD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) parameters. Between 0 - 30 represents oligotrophic level, 30 – 40 represents lower mesotrophic level 40 – 50 mesotrophic, 50 – 60 upper mesotrophic, 60 – 70 eutrophic, 70 – 80 hypereutrophic and 80 – 100 extremely hypereutrophic. The TSI maps of four parameters were created using the Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation method. The final map showing the spatial distribution of trophic level was generated by synthesising the thematic maps of each indicator on the cell basis with the overlay technique. From the final map, the trophic level of the entire lake was characterised as eutrophic or more in all seasons studied during the year.
Carnation flowers senescence as influenced by nickel, cobalt and silicon
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Jamali, Babak; Rahemi, Majid
Ethylene acts as a limiting factor for commercial carnation production which can decrease the vase life and postharvest quality. Use of ethylene production inhibitors such as nickel (Ni) or cobalt (Co) may keep the flowers quality for longer period also beneficial elements such as silicone (Si) might possess positive impact on postharvest life of cut flowers of carnations with climacteric respiration. To evaluate the effect of these three elements a completely randomized designed study was carried out, there were 3 replications each of which had 3 ‘Harlem’ carnation flowers. They were put in 500 mL vases which had been filled with 400 mL distilled water for the control treatment and 400 mL solution of the following concentrations: NiSO4 (30, 45, 60 mg.L-1) CoCl2 (50, 75, 100 mg.L-1) and K2SiO3 (100, 150, 200 mg.L-1 ). All elements caused higher vase life and lower ethylene production. Further investigation with other cultivars seems useful.

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