2023 Cilt 23 Sayı 2

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/32902

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Türkiye'de yetiştirilen ana arıların fiziksel kalite kriterleri ve Türkiye arıcılığı için önemi
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-09-19) Cengiz, Mahir Murat; Arslan, Servet
Derleme, ana arıların fiziksel kalitesini etkileyen hayati parametreleri incelemektedir. Beslenme, çevre koşulları ve yetiştirme teknikleri gibi faktörlere odaklanan çalışma, bu kriterlerin bal arısı kolonilerinin genel sağlığı ve üretkenliği üzerindeki doğrudan etkisinin altını çiziyor. Gelişmiş koloni performansı ve hastalıklara karşı direnç sağlamak için sağlam ve genetik olarak çeşitli ana arıların seçilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ticari işletmelerde yüksek kaliteli ana arıların benimsenmesini teşvik ederek, Türkiye'deki bal arısı popülasyonlarının canlılığını ve sürdürülebilirliğini artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma sayesinde, Türk arıcılık endüstrisindeki arıcılar ve paydaşlar, ana arı üretiminde fiziksel kalite standartlarına bağlı kalmanın önemine dair önemli bilgiler edinmektedir. Arıcılar önerilen kriterleri uygulayarak bal üretimini artırabilir, tozlaşma hizmetlerini iyileştirebilir ve ülke florasının korunmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Sonuç olarak, bu çabalar Türkiye'de sağlam ve sürdürülebilir bir arıcılık sektörünün büyümesini destekleyecektir.
Arı poleninin bazı fiziksel, fonksiyonel ve kimyasal özellikleri ve biyolojik etkileri
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-08-22) Eşerler, Sude; Vardarlı, Sevilay; Savaş, Güliye; Mutlu, Ceren
Bal arıları çiçekli bitkilerden topladıkları polenleri ağız salgıları ve bitki nektarları ile karıştırarak arı poleni üretmektedir. Arı polenleri gelişiminin ilk dönemlerinde olan arı larvalarının beslenmesi amacıyla kullanılırken aynı zamanda arıcılar tarafından kovan girişlerine yerleştirilen polen tuzakları ile toplanıp işlenerek insanlar tarafından da tüketilmektedir. Bileşiminde su, karbonhidratlar, proteinler, aminoasitler, lipitler, yağ asitleri, karotenoidler, fenolik bileşikler, enzimler, vitaminler ve mineraller bulunan arı poleninin sağlık açısından antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antikanser ve antiinflamatuar özellikler gibi birçok olumlu etkisinin bulunduğu belirtilmiştir. Zengin besinsel özellikleri ve sağlık etkileri nedenleriyle doğrudan tüketilebilen arı poleni bunların yanı sıra çözünürlük, su ve yağ tutma kapasitesi ve emülsifikasyon gibi gıda teknolojisi açısından önemli fonksiyonel özellikleri nedeniyle de farklı gıdalara bileşim unsuru olarak ilave edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte giderek artan sağlıklı beslenme bilinci ve alternatif doğal ürünler arayışına olan eğilim diğer arıcılık ürünlerine olduğu gibi arı polenine olan ilgiyi de artırmaktadır. Buradan hareketle ilgili çalışma arı poleninin bazı fiziksel, fonksiyonel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile metabolizma üzerindeki biyolojik etkileri ve gıdalarda kullanım imkanları hakkındaki bilgilerin derlenmesi amaçlanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
In vitro spermatological parameters in drones
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-05-18) Kaya, Abdulkadir; Uysal, Ongun
Honey bees are an indispensable element of the ecosystem, as they provide an important part of plant pollination beyond food production. The queen bee, which forms the core of the bee colony, is at the center of bee production in the beekeeping sector. Undoubtedly, the production of high-quality queen bees primarily depends on suitable drones and therefore, quality sperm. In addition, artificial insemination of queen bees is a successful production method, as in other species, due to its superior characteristics compared to natural mating. In many apiaries and research centers, artificial insemination is used routinely for queen production. One of the advantages of this method is that the sperm can be preserved for the short or long term. In this respect, it is very effective in protecting genetic resources, preventing bee diseases and facilitating bee transportation. Today, spermatological studies and parameters used in drones are very few compared to other species. With the increasing importance given to the subject in recent years, many spermatological parameters have started to be used in honey bees. However, the morphological and physiological differences of drone semen require the development and standardization of these parameters with further studies. In this review, the spermatological parameters used in drone semen, together with the working principles and materials used, were examined in general terms and presented to the readers.
Diversity of stingless bees, Tetragonula sp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Tamil Nadu, India
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-10-31) Sabatına, Paulraj; Srınıvasan, Madapuji Rajagopalan; Murugan, Marimuthu; Samınathan, Vangili Ramasamy
The present study was conducted to find the diversity of stingless bees (Tetragonula sp.) in Coimbatore, Madurai, Dindigul, and Trichy districts in Tamil Nadu, India. Adult worker bees were collected from feral stingless bee colonies from 16 locations, four from each district. The collected stingless bees were preserved in 70% alcohol (ethanol) and examined under a Leica stereo zoom microscope. Seventeen morphometric key characteristics were measured to know the diversity of stingless bees. The results revealed that two species of stingless bees, Tetragonula iridipennis and T. laeviceps were prevalent in the four selected districts of Tamil Nadu. Four vital morphometric characters of the worker bees namely the head width, the forewing length, the hind tibial length, and the whole body length helped to distinguish the two Tetragonula sp. Among all the locations, the bees collected from L1- Insectary, TNAU, Coimbatore had much higher values of the above four morphometric characters (1.67mm ± 0.04, 3.69mm ± 0.02, 1.53mm ± 0.01 and 3.98mm ± 0.14 respectively) and were identified to be T. laeviceps based on these key morphometric characters. The bees from rest of the 15 locations which had the morphometric values 1.59 to 1.61 mm, 3.20 to 3.41mm, 1.34 to 1.43mm and 3.51 to 3.65mm respectively were categorized as T. iridipennis.
Determination of suitable beekeeping places by weighted overlay analysis: A case study of Bolu, Türkiye
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-10-20) Yaman, Şule; Yaman, Mustafa
Beekeeping is one of the main livelihoods of our country, and our country's rich geography, different climate and topography are quite suitable for beekeeping. The increase in interest in beekeeping activities has led to more income with less maintenance and expense compared to other agricultural activities. The increasing interest has also revealed the necessity of determining suitable places for beekeeping to increase beekeeping activities' efficiency. For this purpose, weighted overlay analysis, which is one of the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) techniques, was carried out using ArcGIS 10.7.1 in this study for the province of Bolu. Slope, aspect, elevation, precipitation, vegetation and distance to roads, streams and settlements were used for analysis. As a result of the analyzes made, it was determined that 90.95% of Bolu province is suitable for beekeeping activities. In addition, it has been determined whether the existing beekeeping locations are suitable for beekeeping.
Propolis ve arı sütü içeren cilt kremi: Antioksidan, anti-hyalüronidaz ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerin değerlendirmesi
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-10-24) Boyracı, Gülsüm Merve; Değirmenci , Atiye; Yıldız, Oktay; Çelebi , Zeynep Berin
Propolis ve arı sütü eski çağlardan beri geleneksel ve modern tıpta çeşitli biyolojik aktivitelerinden dolayı kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde yapılan son çalışmalar bu ürünlerin cilt tedavisi ve bakımı alanındaki potansiyel uygulamalarını ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, cilt kremi üretiminde propolis ve arı sütünün potansiyel kullanımını incelemek ve arı ürünleriyle zenginleştirilmiş cilt kremi formülasyonunun anti-hiyalüronidaz, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesini değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca kremlerin farklı depolama sıcaklığı ve süresindeki fiziksel stabilitesi de incelenmiştir. Krem formülasyonunda arı sütü oranı (%0,5) sabit tutulurken propolis özütü %0,5-1,0-1,5 oranlarında kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada üretilen kremlerin pH değerleri 5,56 ile 6,02 aralığında değişmekte olup cilt pH değerine uygun bulunmuştur. Krem formülasyonunda propolis oranı arttıkça antioksidan aktivite değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak arttığı görülmüştür (p≤0,05). Krem örneklerinin anti-hiyalüronidaz aktivite analizi sonucu IC50 değerleri 0,1667-3,3460 g/mL krem olarak belirlenmiş ve en yüksek aktivite %1,5 propolis özütü ilaveli örnekte bulunmuştur. Propolis ve arı sütü ilaveli krem örneklerinin tamamı Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis ve Candida albicans mikroorganizmalarına karşı inhibisyon göstermiştir. Hızlandırılmış stabilite testleri krem formülasyonun tüm stres koşullarına karşı dikkate değer bir stabiliteye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma kozmetik sektöründe doğal, sürdürülebilir ve güvenli cilt bakım ürünleri üretebilmek için krem formülasyonuna arı ürünlerini entegre etmenin uygulanabilirliğine dair kanıt sağlamaktadır.
Parasitisation potential of egg and larval parasitoids against lesser wax moth Achroia grisella F. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under stored condition
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-09-30) Sabatına, Paulraj; Umapathy, Govindasamy; Saravanan, Pernamallur Ayyaswami
The study conducted to evaluate the parasitisation potential of egg (Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) and larval parasitoids (Bracon brevicornis Wesmael and Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson) on the developmental stages of lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella F. The results indicated that a maximum parasitisation of 46.67% was noticed on egg masses released with seven pairs of T. chilonis, with an overall mean of 28.89 % and also the adult emergence was recorded about 59.49 %. Among the two larval parasitoids taken, the per cent parasitisation of lesser wax moth larvae by A. galleriae was maximum (38.68% overall mean) than by B. brevicornis (33.14%) with a mean adult emergence of 71.16% and 64.78% respectively.
Determining the quality of honey in the region of Kosova with physiochemical analysis
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-10-24) Durmishi, Berat; Knights, Vesna; Mehmeti, Ibrahim; Stamatovska, Viktorija; Nuha, Demokrat; Rizani, Smajl; Bytyçi, Pajtim; Haziri, Veton; Sadiku, Valon
This article examines the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of honey produced in different regions of Kosovo. The aim of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties and nutritional characteristics of honey from various regions in Kosovo, shedding light on the factors influencing its composition and quality. It also underscores the importance of local beekeepers in sustaining honey production and environmental preservation. A total of 26 samples were gathered from various locations, and beekeepers were interviewed about their honey-production techniques and bee-feeding practices. The samples underwent analysis to determine parameters such as moisture content, total solids, pH, acidity, ash content, proteins, electrical conductivity, and dissolved solids content %. Notably, the physicochemical properties of honey differed significantly across the regions. Moisture content ranged from 15.02% to 18.80%, with the lowest found in Ferizaji and the highest in Sharri. Dissolved solids content % concentration at 20°C varied from 79.50% to 82.60%, with Sharri exhibiting the lowest and Prishtina displaying the highest value. The acidity and pH levels of all honey samples were measured between 4.97 and 5.63, and 3.56 to 5.60, respectively. Additionally, the Pfund scale was employed to evaluate the color of the honey, indicating white hues for Sharri, extremely light white or white for Prishtina and Ferizaj, and exceptionally white for Skenderaj. This study concludes that geographical location, feeding systems, nectar sources, honey age, and beekeeper processing methods significantly impact the physicochemical and nutritional properties of honey, including its color.
Comparison of honey, pollen and propolis amounts and honey quality obtained from bee pasture and highland
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-10-07) Çaçan, Erdal; Kutlu, Mehmet Ali; Uçar , Rıdvan; Özdemir, Selim; Kökten, Kağan; Mokhtarzadeh, Sam; Ekmekçi, Muammer
This study was carried out to determine the honey, pollen and propolis amounts and honey qualities obtained from the bee pasture established in Bingöl University between the years 2021-2022 and highland and to compare the bee pasture and the highland in terms of these characteristics. 10 beehives were used in the study. Five beehives were left in the bee pasture, and 5 of them were taken to the highland for comparison. The quantities of honey, pollen, and propolis per hive and the moisture, diastase, HMF, commercial glucose, C13 sugar, C4 sugar, and the difference between raw protein in honey and delta C13 sugar of honeys were determined for both locations. These quality parameters obtained were evaluated according to the Turkish Food Codex Honey Communiqué. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was no statistical difference between the amounts of pollen and propolis obtained from the bee pasture and the highland, and the amount of honey obtained from the highland was higher than the bee pasture. In addition, it has been determined that the honey obtained from both bee pasture and highland is at the "appropriate" level in terms of the limit values determined by the Turkish Food Codex Honey Communiqué in terms of quality criteria. In the light of these data, it has been understood that although the honey yield from bee pasture is low, it is sustainable and can be an alternative to migratory or highland beekeeping.
Foraging ecology and abundance of native pollinators in bitter gourd
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-08-30) Narmadha, Kamatchi Murali; Saravanan, Pernamallur Ayyaswami; Umapathy, Govindasamy; Velmurugan, Muthusamy
An experiment is conducted in bitter gourd cropping system at Coimbatore district in India, to study bitter gourd floral character, the foraging ecology of native pollinators and their modes of pollination. Bitter gourd is a monoecious plant bears separate male and female flowers. Male flower blooms early followed by female flowers. Stigma receptivity of pistillate flowers was confirmed on 4th day old flower showed yellowish-green stigma with shining stigmatic exudation. The stigma receptivity lasts up to 24 hours after anthesis. Pollen viability test done with 2 per cent acetocarmine solution indicated that pollen collected during morning hours (06:00 h) were more viable and were deeply stained, whereas pollens collected at evening hours (17:00 h) remained unstained and considered as nonviable. The foraging activities of Apis cerana indica Fabricius and Tetragonula iridipennis begin at 06:00 h and 06:30 h respectively and ceased by evening 17:00 h. T. iridipennis foragers spent more time in pollen collection (31.1 seconds/ flower) and nectar collection (26.14 seconds/ flower) whereas, A. cerana indica spent less time in pollen collection (8.62 seconds/ flowers) and nectar collection (3.56 seconds/ flower) respectively. A total of 17 pollinator species belongs to four orders viz., Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera have been documented and grouped based on their mode of foraging in bitter gourd flowers.
Foraging activity and role of stingless bee Tetragonula Iridipennis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in bitter gourd
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-08-14) Narmadha, Kamatchi Murali; Saravanan, Pernamallur Ayyaswami; Umapathy, Govindasamy; Velmurugan, Muthusamy
In the bitter gourd cropping system, honey bees are the primary pollinators. In southern India, a field study was conducted at Coimbatore district at 10˚ 58̍ 46.164̎ N latitude and 76˚ 55̍ 53.562̎ E longitude, to record the foraging activity and pollination efficiency of the stingless bee Tetragonula iridipennis in bitter gourd. Bee foraging activity was recorded separately in male and female flowers, with the number of foragers/flower/min, and fruit set and yield were assessed under three different conditions: pollinator exclusion, bee pollination and open pollination. The abundance of pollinators and foraging rate of stingless bees observed on male flowers was 1.71 bees/ flower/ minute and flower handling time in seconds (37.86 sec) was higher than female flowers (1.22 bees / flower/ minute) and (25.73 sec), respectively. The peak foraging activity of stingless bees was observed between 08:00-10:00 hours with 3.30 bees/ 5 mins. The pollination efficiency index of stingless bees in bitter gourd flowers was 41600 pollen grains. The foraging activity of bees at the hive entrance was at its peak from 08:00 to 10:00 hours. T. Iridipennis colony growth parameters showed increased honey sealed area of 1464.5 g and brood development. The experiment results showed that yield was higher in the managed bee-pollinated condition in terms of the number of fruits/plant (18.2 fruits) and fruit yield per hectare (44.08 t/ha) than in the open-pollinated condition (16.5 fruits) and (38.30 t/ha), and with pollinators excluded, no fruit set was recorded.
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of several stingless bee pollens processed using different drying methods
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-07-14) Naıbaho, Netty Maria; Fatrıasarı, Widya; Kusuma, Irawan Wijaya; Arung, Enos Tangke
Antioxidants play a crucial function in fighting free radicals that can harm biomolecules in the human body and damage cells, which can lead to immunological disorders including inflammation. In this research, we evaluated bee pollen extracts from six stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama, Tetragonula reepeni, Tetragonula testaceitarsis, Tetragonula fuscobalteata, Tetragonula iridipennis, and Tetragonula pagdeni) processed using different drying methods for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Each sample was divided into two specimens, where one was processed by ovendrying at 40ºC and the second was chilled at 4 ºC, then extracted by ethanol. The extracts of T. fuscobalteata had the highest antioxidant activity when dried in an oven with an IC50 value of 36.47 µg/mL, while T. reepeni using a chiller was 41.30 mg/mL. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was for oven-dried T. fuscobalteata with an IC50 of 39.70 mg/mL, while chilled T. reepeni was 34.30 µg/mL. Different drying techniques can affect the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of bee pollen extracts as well as their potential as food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients.

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