2021 Cilt 40 Sayı 2

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/27899

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İvermektinin küçük ruminant vebası (PPR) virusuna karşı in vitro antiviral etkinliği
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-12-17) Toker, Eda Baldan; Ateş, Özer; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Veteriner Fakültesi; Viroloji Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0003-2468-3945; 0000-0001-7676-9033; 0000-0003-1793-6879
Küçük ruminant vebası (PPR), koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliğinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan ve Dünya Hayvan Sağlığı Örgütü tarafından bildirimi zorunlu hastalıklar listesinde yer alan bir hastalıktır. Hastalığı kontrol altında tutmanın en etkili çözümü aşı uygulamaları olsa da enfeksiyon ortaya çıktığında Küçük ruminant vebası virusuna (PPRV) doğrudan etki gösteren bir antiviral ilaç bulunmamaktadır. Nematodlara karşı uygulanan geniş spektrumlu bir antiparaziter ajan olan ivermektinin (IVM) son yıllarda çeşitli viruslara karşı in vitro anti- viral aktiviteye sahip olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, PPRV’nin hücreye tutunma, giriş ve replikasyon aşamalarında IVM’nin antiviral akti- vitesinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Vero hücrelerinde IVM’nin viral replikasyon aşamasındaki etkinliğini değerlendirmek için IVM ile muamele edilmeyen ve non-sitotoksik IVM konsantrasyonları (1,0 ve 2,5 μM) ile tedavi edilen PPRV’nin viral titreleri enfeksiyon sonrası 8 gün boyunca karşılaştırıldı. 2,5 μM IVM varlığında PPRV’nin replikasyon aşamasında ortalama viral titre değerlerinde l,12 log10 DKID50/0,1ml düzeyinde düşüş ile önemli oranda azalma görüldü (P<0,05). Hücreye tutunma ve giriş aşamalarında IVM'nin PPRV’ye karşı antiviral aktivitesini değerlendirmek amacıyla IVM ile muamele edilmeyen ve 2,5 μM IVM ile muamele edilen virusun viral titreleri, virus ekimini takiben 7. günde virus titrasyon testi kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı. Testler sonucunda hücreye tutunma aşamasında viral titrede bir değişiklik saptanmazken, hücreye giriş (penetrasyon) aşaması testlerinde viral titre değerinde 0,37 log 10 DKID 50 /0,1ml düzeyinde bir düşüş belirlendi. PPRV’nin 2,5 μM IVM ile muamelesi sonucunda enfeksiyöz virionların inhibisyon oranları viral replikasyon aşamasında %92,50 ve hücreye giriş aşamasında %57,83 olarak belirlenirken hücreye tutunma aşamasında herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı (%0,00) tespit edildi. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, IVM’nin antiviral etkinliğinin PPRV çoğalma siklusunun geç aşamalarında daha etkili olduğu öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışma, IVM’nin PPRV’yi inhibe edebildiğini ve IVM’nin bir anti-PPRV ilacı olma potansiyeline sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir.
Aseel tavuklarında (Gallus domesticus) Pecten oculi’nin ışık ve elektron mikroskobik özellikleri
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-12-25) Yılmaz, Bestami
Kuşlarda gözün en göze çarpan ve ilginç özelliği pecten oculi’dir. Bu çalışmada Aseel tavukların gözünde bulunan pecten oculi’nin anatomik ve histolojik özellikleri ışık ve elektron mikroskobik uygulamalar yardımıyla tespit edildi. Çalışma için dört adet yetişkin Aseel ırkı tavuk kullanıldı. Enükleasyon işlemi sonrası gözler %10’luk tamponlu formalin solüsyonunda tespit edildi. Morfolojik yapıları stereomikroskop altında incelenen gözler daha sonra elektron mikroskop ve histolojik incelemeler için hazırlandı. Yapılan incelemede pecten oculi’nin gözün arka yarımında, retina tabakası üzerinde bulunduğu belirlendi. Sağ ve sol pecten oculi’lerin ortalama 20-22 adet piliden (kıvrımdan) oluştuğu tespit edildi. Pecten’lerin ortalama bazal uzunluğu 7,92 mm, apikal uzunluğu 4,45 mm, yüksekliği ise 3 mm olarak belirlendi. Pektineal kıvrımların kesit yüzeyi incelendiğinde kıvrımların merkezine yerleşmiş büyük çaplı ve oval şekilli damarlar ile bu damarların çevresinde seyreden çok sayıda kılcal kan damarları tespit edildi. Pili kesitlerinin hem perifer hem de merkez bölgeleri üzerinde yaygın ve çok sayıda melanosit varlığı tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, Aseel ırkı tavuklarda pecten oculi’nin morfolojik ve histolojik yapısının diğer gündüz aktif kuş türlerinde bildirilen özelliklerle genel olarak uyumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Biomechanical comparison of the effects of the storage temperature on Tibiotarsus in Japanese quail
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-12-18) Süzer, Bayram; Veteriner Fakültesi; Anatomi Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0002-2687-1221
The study aimed to compare the effects of different cryopreservation temperatures on mechanical properties and determine the optimal cryopreservation temperature for bones in Japanese quail. Bone biomechanical tests are getting more attention but, fresh bones are not always available for testing and have a limited lifespan. Cryopreservation of biological specimens is often needed during tissue preparation and me- chanical testing. In the study, the tibiotarsi were collected from 8 weeks of age quail, and bones were divided into four groups of fresh bones; frozen at 0 o C, frozen at -20 o C, and frozen at -80 o C. Frozen bones were kept in the freezer for three weeks. After three weeks, bones were subjected to a three-point bending test for biomechanical evaluation. There was no significant difference between the mechanical strength properties of fresh tibiotarsi and the tibiotarsi stored in three different storage conditions of 0 o C, -20 o C, or -80 o C. It was observed that cryopreservation of tibiotarsi at 0, -20, and -80 °C for up to three weeks did not negatively affect bone biomechanical properties in quail.
Postmenopozal kadınların probiyotikler hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin ve tüketim durumlarının belirlenmesi
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-11-12) Küçük, Sefa Can; Yıbar, Artun; Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Besin Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0001-9510-5734; 0000-0002-0919-5874
Bu araştırmada, postmenopozal kadınların probiyotik bilgi düzeylerini ve probiyotik tüketim durumlarını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu kesitsel araştırma, Mart 2019 tarihinde Bursa’da Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı bir hobi kursuna giden 50 yaş ve üzeri 150 kadın ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri yüz yüze görüşülerek anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Kadınların yaşları 50-70 arasında değişmekte olup, yaş ortalaması 55,26+5,11 yıldır. Kadınların %66,7’si probiyotik terimini bilmekte olup %26’sı probiyotik katkılı gıda tüketmektedir. Probiyotik katkılı gıda tüketen kadınların %86,6’sı, sağlık yararı gördüğü için tüketmektedir. Tüketmeyen kadınların ise %36,4’ü pahalı bulduğu, %30,3’ü ihtiyaç duymadığı, %27,3’ü doğal bulmadığı ve %6,1’i ise bu gıdaların neler olduğunu bilmediği için tüketmemektedir. Elde edilen verilere göre, kadınlar arasında probiyotik terimi yanlış ve eksik bilinmektedir. Ayrıca, probiyotik ve fermente gıdalar ile ilgili bilgi karmaşası da söz konusudur.
Arı spermasının dondurma-çözdürme sonrası spermatolojik parametreleri üzerine metiyonin ve sisteaminin etkileri
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-11-11) Alçay, Selim; Çakmak, Selvinar; Aktar, Ahmet; Çakmak, İbrahim; Veteriner Fakültesi; Dölerme ve Suni Tohumlama Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0002-2472-8157; 0000-0002-2975-2594; 0000-0002-8000-5770; 0000-0002-2674-0731
Bu çalışmada arı spermasının (Apis mellifera) dondurulmasında metiyonin ve sisteaminin etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sperma olgun erkek arılardan toplandı ve pooling yapıldı. Pooling yapılan sperma beş eşit hacme bölündü ve farklı konsantrasyonlarda metiyonin (2.5 and 5 mM) ve sisteamin (2.5 and 5 mM) içeren ve içermeyen (kontrol) sulandırıcılar ile sulandırıldı. Eritme sonrası motilite değerleri; Metiyonin5, Sisteamin2,5 ve Sisteamin5 gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre daha üstün bulundu (P<0.05). Antioksidan gruplarının plazma membran bütünlüğü kontrol grubuna göre daha iyi koruduğu görüldü (P<0.05). Akrozomal bütünlük oranları metiyonin gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre daha üstün bulundu (P<0.05). Membran lipid peroksidasyonu eritme sonrası malondialdehit (MDA) konsantrasyonu ölçülerek analiz edildi. Antioksidan içeren sulandırıcıların bal arısı spermatolojik parametreler üzerinde faydalı etkilere sahip olduğu görüldü. Değerlendirilen spermatolojik parametreler göz önüne alındığında; Metiyonin5 grubu arı spermasının dondurulmasında en etkili grup olduğu görüldü.
Some fertility traits and growth characteristics of Kivircik sheep breed in the extensive farm conditions
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-10-08) Selvi, Tuğçe Necla; Üstüner, Hakan; Veteriner Fakültesi; Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü; 0000-0003-3425-3201; 0000-0002-4341-5842
In this study, fertility traits and growth characteristics of the Kivircik sheep breed have been investigated for two years in the Manisa province of Turkey. Fertility properties such as lambing rate, single birth rate, twinning rate, litter size, survival rate, and growth traits like birth weight, 30th- day, 60th- day, 120th- day weights were calculated and distribution of growth traits according to sex and birth type has analyzed. In the first year of the trial; pregnancy rate, one birth rate, twinning rate, litter size, survival rate (at weaning) has determined respectively 92.20 %, 69.40 %, 30.60 %, 1.32, and 85.10 %. In the same year, the average birth weights of Kivircik male and female lambs are 4.08±0.74 kg and 3.93±0.69 kg, 30th- day weights are 10.57±2.83 kg and 9.83±2.73 kg, 60th- day weights are 21.32±10.36 kg and 19.66±5.46 kg, 120th- day weights are 31.36±7.73 kg and 28.49±6.44 kg. In the second year of the trial; pregnancy rate, one birth rate, twinning rate, litter size, survival rate (at weaning) has determined respectively 94.90 %, 95.80 %, 4.02 %, 1.04, and 88.80 %. In the same year, the average birth weights of Kivircik male and female lambs are 4.22±0.91 kg and 4.00±0.73 kg, 30th-day weights are 11.37±2.25 kg and 10.69±2.09 kg, 60th-day weights are 22.75±4.49 kg and 21.37±4.18 kg, 120th-day weights are 38.40±9.13 kg and 34.37±7.56 kg. At the end of the study, fertility traits except for litter size slightly increased in the second year. This is likely due to higher live weight before mating and better herd management. In both two years, there were significant differences between growth traits (birth weight, 30th-day weights, 60th- day weights, and 120th - day weights) and sex or birth type (P<0.001).
Effects of certain environmental factors on growth performances of Kivircik lambs
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-10-20) Keçici, Pembe Dilara; Öztürk, Nursen; Coşkun, Rüya; Ekiz, Bülent
Determining the growth performance of lambs is essential for producers to supply the lamb meat with the features demanded by the market as soon as possible. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effect of year, birth type and sex of lamb on body weight and various body measurements of Kivircik lambs. Live weights of 612 Kivircik lambs (299 males and 313 females) were used in the study, which were born in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Body measurements of 47 male lambs and 50 female lambs, randomly selected from 508 lambs born in 2014 and 2016, were used in the study. Birth year had significant effect on both live weights and body measurements of lambs in various growth periods. Single born and male lambs are significantly superior in both live weight and body measurements over female and twin born lambs. This situation results in being preferred for both meat production and breeding purposes more than their opponents. In order to have a more productive herd structure, female and twin lambs should be reared according to their needs for a better growth performance. Rump height of single born lambs and chest depth of male lambs were higher than their counterparts throughout the study. Therefore, these two body measurements can be used as reliable parameters for investigation of growth performance of Kivircik lambs.
Expression of PCNA, MMP-9 and P53 in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-08-18) Karakurt, Emin; Aydın, Uğur; Beytut, Enver; Dağ, Serpil; Ermutlu, Celal Şahin; Aksoy, Özgür; Nuhoğlu, Hilmi; Yıldız, Ayfer; Kurtbaş, Emre
In this study, we aimed to compare and correlate the PCNA, MMP-9 and p53 expressions and differentiation degree of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas (BOSCCs) by immunohistochemical methods. The material of this study was composed of BOSCC biopsy samples taken from 30 cattle brought to our department. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin & eosin in order to detect histopathological changes. Sections were examined and photographed under a light microscope. Avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used for immunohistochemistry. Macroscopically the masses were nodular to cauliflower-like shaped. The surfaces of the masses were highly hemorrhagic and ulcerative, and sometimes covered with a purulent discharge. Histopathologically, we defined cases with excessive and large numbers of keratin pearls, large tumoral islands, and evident squamous differentiation as well-differentiated. Cases with smaller tumoral islets, decreased number and size of keratin pearls, but higher number of poorly-differentiated cells compared to well-differentiated cases were defined as moderately-differentiated. Tumors in which keratinization was either absent or formed in individual cells were classified as poorly-differentiated. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between well, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors in terms of PCNA and MMP-9 expressions, but we found that the increase in p53 expression negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation of the tumor. In conclusion, we think that p53 can be a useful marker in determining the prognosis of BOSCCs.
Evaluation of some blood parameters in the experimental autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse model
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-10-29) Bayram, Gökçen Güvenç; Arslan, Gözde; Karaçay, Mehmet; Ermiş, Diğdem Yöyen; Özoğlu, Efe; Oral, Haluk Barbaros; Yalçın, Murat; Veteriner Fakültesi; Biyokimya Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0001-7225-0138; 0000-0002-5301-6626; 0000-0001-5871-8769; 0000-0002-8939-8443; 0000-0003-0463-6818; 0000-0002-5600-8162; 0000-0002-1413-3651
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with unclear exact etiology. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in C57BL/6 mice is the most common animal model for MS sharing many clinical and pathophysiological features to expand our knowledge on the pathophysiology of the disease and to develop novel treatment strategies. The current study was designed to determine hematological parameters and plasma total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) levels in EAE-induced C57BL/6 mice to help researchers working on the EAE animal model. EAE was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide in the female C57BL/6 mice. The EAE clinically caused paralyzed tail, hind limb paresis, and uncoordinated movement in the mice. The EAE-induced mice hematologically had a statistically significant mild increase in white blood cell (WBC) count without altering neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio but no change in vital hematological parameters such as red blood cell count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin level. Moreover, the EAE led to an increase in the plasma TP level and attenuation in plasma ALB level in the mice. In conclusion, our findings show that the EAE model in mice might not cause any significant change hematologically, except a slight increase in the WBC count, and might produce changes in the plasma protein level. As the findings of the current study, the EAE-induced blood parameter effects could consider understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and developing a novel therapeutic approach for the disease.
Sensitizing and control of Colistin-resistant E. Coli O157:H7 with bacteriophage application
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-08-04) Cufaoğlu, Gizem; Ayaz, Naim Deniz
In these days that we are drifting into the post-antibiotic era, antibiotics called "last-resort" are begun to be used more frequently. Colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics that act on Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the study was to investigate antibiotic re-sensitization effect of lytic bacteriophages on colistin resistant E. coli O157:H7 in-vitro. In the study, four E. coli O157:H7 isolates (encoded 25KA, 44RA, 120RA, and 168KA) were included. These isolates had different features such as harboring some of the mcr genes but not showing resistance to colistin, or demonstrating resistance to colistin without carrying any mcr genes. A lytic bacteriophage cocktail was prepared with three Myovir- idae family member phages. In order to determine the effect of lytic bacteriophage application on the colistin resistance of E. coli O157:H7 strains before, during and after bacteriophage treatment, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the isolates were determined by broth microdilution method. The results were interpreted according to EUCAST. According to the results, up to 3.6 log cfu/ml reductions in colistin-resistant E. coli O157:H7 were detected within 6h incubation at 23°C. Colistin and phage combination showed synergistic effect. While strains 25KA and 168KA became susceptible to colistin, 44GA and 120RA were totally eliminated. The survivors of the phage treatment also became sensitive to colistin. Phage-resistant mutants of 25KA and 168KA showed susceptibility to colistin (1 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively). In addition, 44GA and 120GA remained susceptible. The findings of this study highlight that in addition to taking advantage of the lytic activity of phages in biocontrol area, phages also play a major role in re-sensitization to a last-resort antibiotic like colistin. The results show the synergy between phage–antibiotic combination treatment and give the promising idea that this approach has the potential to extend the effective lifetime of antibiotics.
Investigation of Calprotectin positive leukocytes in canine soft tissue tumors
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-08-14) Savaş, Onur; İpek, Volkan
Soft-tissue sarcomas are a complex group of tumors that are difficult to treat and have high invasion and metastasis potential. Inflammatory cell infiltrations are associated with malignancy in many human and animal tumors. Macrophages and neutrophils are found in inflammatory cells whose infiltration is observed in malignant tumor tissues. Subtypes of these inflammatory cells associated with malignancy and poor prognosis in tumors are called tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. In this study, the presence of calprotectin-positive neutrophils and macrophages in canine soft-tissue tumors was investigated using immunohistochemical methods. For this purpose, mesenchymal tumors of different origins from 31 dogs of different breeds, ages, and sexes were examined. After the histopathological classification of the tumors, a comparison was made between benign and malignant tumors in terms of calprotectin-positive macrophages and neutrophils. Calprotectin positivity in malignant soft-tissue tumors was found to be significantly higher than that in benign tumors in the evaluations made on the basis of all positive cells. In the evaluations made only in terms of macrophages, a significant increase in malignant tumors was also noted. No statistically significant difference was found between benign and malignant tumors in terms of neutrophil presence. According to the results in our study, it was observed that calprotectin-positive leukocyte infiltrations could be associated with malignancy in canine soft-tissue tumors.

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