Person: GÜRLÜK, SERKAN
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GÜRLÜK
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SERKAN
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Publication Impacts of cattle and sheep husbandry on global greenhouse gas emissions: A time series analysis for central european countries(Hard, 2015-01-01) Gürlük, Serkan; Uzel, Gökhan; Turan, Özlem; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; UZEL, GÖKHAN; TURAN, ÖZLEM; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü; 0000-0003-4673-7086; AAG-7236-2021; AAG-8213-2021; N-8716-2017; JGR-6037-2023Global warming and climate change have become issues that recently have caused much concern in the world. Countries that perform their economic activities without thinking about future generations have had to focus on "sustainability" issues since local and global environmental issues have been experienced. In this context, global warming problems have become one of the most important environmental topics occupying the world agenda and are causing intensive scientific and political discussions. One of the causes of global warming is increasing greenhouse gases, CO2, CH4, N2O, CFC, etc., in the atmosphere. Especially in developing countries, growing populations, industrial development, and increasing demand for energy have triggered greenhouse gas emissions. Yet we cannot ignore the contributions of developed countries to greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, developed countries have brought the world's attention to sustainability and environmental management systems after contributing negatively to world pollution. While all these discussions are going on, a new issue is the negative effect of greenhouse gas emissions caused by animal husbandry. In order to meet the global meat demand, intensive industrial and traditional husbandry is preferred worldwide. This situation causes increased greenhouse gas emissions and may cause significant problems to the environment and to sustainable agriculture. By considering the negative contribution of animal husbandry to global warming issues, countries may have to enact reforms in animal husbandry policies or pay the price for their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions in the future. The purpose of this study is to present policy options for Turkey, EU-12 countries, and Central European countries in regards to this topic. These analyses will shed light on animal husbandry practices and contribute to the knowledge level of political decision makers and the public.Publication Land use preferences considering resource economics: Case of organic versus conventional wheat production in Turkey(Springer, 2022-01-12) UZEL, GÖKHAN; Gürlük, Serkan; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; Aslak, Esma; Karaer, Feza; KARAER, FEZA; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-3159-1769; N-8716-2017; AAG-8213-2021; AAG-8099-2021The organic agricultural production system is considered to be the best alternative to the conventional system in order to solve agricultural externality problems. The adoption of such systems provide environmental, social, and financial benefits to the related communities. The related community may receive economic benefits although they might not recognize those benefits. The current paper examines prospective organic wheat production's positive impacts on Turkish economy. This research seeks to find the optimal cultivated land requirement to be allocated for organic wheat production, and contributes to the available literature by measuring environmental and social effects using the proxy values of regular wheat production in the country. Results dictate that the social optimum amount of conventional wheat production must be 1.3 million hectares. If the annual negative externality of wheat production, which is 227.5 USD/ha, is taken into account, the total annual external cost would be 1,416,061,536 USD/year. The importance of conversion and superiority of organic farming are stressed in the literature only at the micro-level or farm-level rather than the macroeconomic level. Macroeconomic results examined in the current paper complete micro-level studies in the context of agricultural externalities. The study indicates that macroeconomic efficiency of organic production is higher than the conventional system. However, it is suggested that a mild transition path be implemented for better land conversion in developing countries such as Turkey. The system of good agricultural practices may have some advantages for this path.Publication Value of a farm animal welfare program in Bursa-Turkey(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016-01-01) Gürlük, Serkan; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü; 0000-0002-3159-1769; IRO-9536-2023The paper aimed to present the value of a farm animal welfare (FAW) program that is not compulsory in South Marmara Region of Turkey. It is based on the face-to-face survey results administered in rural areas of Bursa City. The study measures the willingness to accept of producers for changing FAW levels in regards to sheep and goat husbandry. Contingent valuation technique is employed in the statistical analysis. Three different FAW levels were identified for valuation as "base" level, "better" level, and the "best" level. The best level was the most stringent FAW program. The current study suggests a protocol with WTA(P) nomenclature to resolve complexity issues in FAW studies by investigating producers rather than consumers. FAW programs' value were calculated as 130.3 million United States Dollars (USD) for base scenario. The figures were 166.2 million USD/Year and 175 million USD/Year for "better" and "best" FAW conditions, respectively. The results show that FAW programs have strong public opinion and non-market value.Publication An evaluation of agri-environmental indicators through a multi-criteria decision-making tool in Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Turkey(Hard, 2016-01-01) Gürlük, Serkan; Uzel, Gökhan; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; UZEL, GÖKHAN; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü; 0000-0001-9939-2523; 0000-0001-9939-2523; N-8716-2017; AAG-8213-2021; JGR-6037-2023Our study investigates the historical achievements of agri-environmental and economic policies in order to ensure food security in the nations of Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Turkey. Various agroeconomic and environmental indicators are tested, such as per capita cereals, per capita meat production, per capita milk production, yield of cereals, gross agricultural production value, fertilizer and pesticide use efficiency, and total agricultural emissions. The study attempts to rank the countries according to sustainability criteria. In the studies of ranking, multi-criteria decision-making methods are best suited for effectively dealing with a number of multifaceted evaluation criteria. The current study employs the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method to rank the countries according to the above-mentioned criteria. Results show that Turkey was the closest to an optimal solution in 1980, while the Netherlands was farthest from an optimal solution the same year. In 2013 the country closest to an optimal solution was France. We can infer that economic indicators have some effects on ideal solutions because the Netherlands has less agricultural land, but its agri-economic value is higher than in other countries.Publication Water economics in agriculture and other sectors: Recommendations for water management(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016-01-01) Gürlük, Serkan; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi; 0000-0002-3159-1769Water is a vital for humans and should be used efficiently. Yet, drought issues in some regions of the world have negative impacts for humans. Consequently, in economic system the awareness about excessive water-consuming sectors provides advantages to related community. The economic benefits of the water in the agriculture sector and general economy are computed by the logic of opportunity cost. Food security objectives are essential for many countries in the world. Economic benefits are computed by savings in foreign exchange firstly. It protects domestic producers and consumers from the fluctuations of world markets. The poverty alleviation is among prior policies of a country. All of these can increase allocations of water to agriculture at the expense of industrial and household water use. Yet, agriculture is a sector that consumes high volume of water. Industry, household consumption and environmental flowas are other sectors. If it is not know the economic benefits of the water, it cannot be managed efficiently. Therefore, all sectors using water needs a transparent system of resource evaluation with which to negotiate and regulate allocation of the resource.Publication Assessing agri-environmental management and inorganic fertilizer consumption using environmental indicators(Sage Publications, 2015-06-01) Gürlük, Serkan; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü.; JGR-6037-2023The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is an important environmental indicator that exhibits an inverted U-shaped curve between a specific measure of environmental pollution and per capita income. The environmental pollution risk parameter used in this study was inorganic fertilizer. The study assessed a Critical Environmental Risk Threshold (CERT) value by considering basic variables, such as the amount of long-term total groundwater, arable land, Nitrate Vulnerable Zones and water withdrawal rates. The CERT value could provide researchers and policy makers with new insights into whether or not countries are exceeding their critical environmental threshold points. The countries investigated included Germany, the Netherlands, Turkey, India, Spain, France, Italy, China, Brazil and the USA. The results indicate that the use of inorganic fertilizer in the Netherlands and Germany exceeds their relative turning points above their CERT values and that these countries should therefore review their agri-environmental management policies.Publication The impacts of social discount rate in countries striving for industrialization(Springer, 2023-04-19) Turan, Özlem; Gürlük, Serkan; TURAN, ÖZLEM; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü; 0000-0003-4673-7086; 0000-0002-3159-1769; JQW-8370-2023; AAG-7236-2021The social discount rate (SDR) for infrastructure policies is applied in public projects' benefit/cost analysis and measures the rate at which a society is willing to pay for present consumption. The choice of the discount rate in such project evaluation may play a vital role in the relative weighting of cost and benefits. A high SDR will evaluate the benefits of certain projects at a lower present value. A low SDR will raise the present value of the project's economic benefits, and it will weigh the long-term environmental damages more heavily. The current paper has examined variations in social discount rate policies of various countries around the world. Developed countries have applied lower rates like 3-5% while developing countries apply 7.3-15%. Higher SDR numbers means intervention to future generation rights. Developing countries should review the appropriateness of their SDR levels according to changing domestic economic circumstances and international capital market conditions. Developed countries should give less-developed countries or developing countries a chance by transferring their technologies applied in abatement policies. The key that will open the door to a better future for our grandchildren is in the hand of developed communities.Publication Impacts of corruption to agricultural export potential of the gambia competitive neighbours(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2021-01-01) Uzel, Gökhan; Ndimballan, Assan; Gurluk, Serkan; UZEL, GÖKHAN; Ndimballan, Assan; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü; 0000-0002-3159-1769; 0000-0001-9939-2523; 0000-0002-7322-8570; N-8716-2017; AAG-8099-2021; AAG-8213-2021; FOO-7050-2022The purpose of this study was to investigate the mutual interaction between corruption and agricultural export variations with using corruption perception index, exchange rate and gross domestic product affect. Study, centers the Gambia country, but her neighbour and competitive countries in order to make comparisons. Study constructs a multinominal logit model to analyze the determinants of agricultural export variations and depends on panel data belongs to six Sub-Saharan African countries. Study shows that, the corruption perception index had a probality on agricultural export. Value of corruption production index in the previous year was likely to contribute to the current agricultural export of Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Increases at Gross Domestic Product provide benefits to agricultural export in parallel with corruption perception index. Policy makers, trade sector, business and civil society movements and governmental approaches have significance on preventing corruption climate atmosphere. To the best of authors knowledge, this study constitutes the first attempt to build a theoretical framework to explore how the interactions between determinants of agricultural export variations and corruption inflluence.Publication An assessment of the determinants of gambia's agricultural exports performance(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2019-01-01) Ndimballan, Assan; Odeyemi, Adebayo Abdulateef; Gürlük, Serkan; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü.; 0000-0002-3159-1769Due to the contribution to earnings from foreign exchange and the total labour force which stands at 70 and 75 percent, agriculture ranks high as one of the main sources of income for the Gambia. However, her agricultural exports - majorly groundnuts, cashew nuts and fisheries - have been subjected to quantity, price fluctuations and consequently low competitiveness in the international market. For this reason, this study assessed agricultural export performance of the Gambia with data from the Gambia Bureau of Statistics (GBoS), the Ministry of Trade Industries and Employment of The Gambia (MoTIE) and other literature. The study concluded that in the Gambia, economic growth and agricultural performance are related and move in the same direction with output level, trade openness, competitive of produce in international market among the key factors that determine agricultural export performance in the Gambia.Publication Adaptation economics to climate change: Key vulnerabilities of small-holder farms(Univ Agronomic Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest - Usamv, 2017-01-01) Gürlük, Serkan; GÜRLÜK, SERKAN; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi; 0000-0002-3159-1769; IRO-9536-2023The paper aims to present the key vulnerabilities of small-holder farms while adapting prospective climate change conditions. Natural resources' productivity has declined under climate stress. The natural resources that lose their prolificacy negatively affect small-holder farms. Consequently, the agricultural sector will suffer from climate change impacts. The countries which have small-holder farms should be more careful while designing their rural policies. Indeed, small-holder farms lack capacity in management of agricultural risks. This phenomenon has the potential to trigger rural poverty in the medium-term. Many studies carried out on the African Continent indicates that adaptation costs of climate change account for 250-500 billion USD in the years between 2010 and 2050. Climate change adaptation policies are most effective when they are fully integrated within countries' national development strategies. Furthermore, adequate funding and technology transfer to small-holder farms are important in ensuring success of any climate action and initiative. The current paper will give information related with adaptation costs to climate change in various countries of the world. In addition, the paper discusses the possibility of agricultural adaptation policies coming from developed zones of the world.