Researches on the in vitro androgenesis and obtaining haploid plants in some eggplant genotypes

Abstract

This study was conducted between 1994 and 1999. Anthers were excised from numerous eggplant cultivars and their development on different culture media was investigated. The study was started with preliminary trials in 1994. An average callus formation of 30% was obtained from the anthers excised in these trials, but no haploid embryos. The trials in 1995 were established using for cultivars, namely Pala, Kemer, Topan, and Aydin Siyahi; the anthers were cultured on media supplemented with 4 different combinations of growth regulators at a temperature of 25 C and 16 h day length conditions; and overall callus formation rates of 15.12, 20.00, 24.00 and 26.42% were obtained from these four cultivars, respectively. Eggplant cvs. Kemer and Baluroi and domestic population Urfa Yerlisi were used in the trials in 1996. Callus formation rates ranged from 5.56 to 49.98%. Also the obtaining of embryos was achieved this year. Haploid embryoids and plantlets were obtained from cv. Kemer and from Urfa Yerlisi population. In these genotypes, the anthers were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L NAA plus 1 mg/L kinetin, and on C medium supplemented with 5 mg/L 2, 4-D plus 5 mg/L kinetin. The cultures were held in the hot-air oven at 35 C in dark conditions for the first 8 days, and then they were transferred into the incubator at 25 C and having a day length of 16 h. Embryos were obtained on C and MS medium at the rates of 3.67 and 2.05% respectively, in Urfa Yerlisi. Embryos were also obtained in the trials in 1998, under the same culture conditions. Embryo formation rates were 1.58% on MS medium in cv. Adana; 2.72 and 2.63% on C and MS medium, respectively in ev. Leila. All these embryos could eventually be developed into plantlets.