Anatomic characteristics and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal: A radiographic study using cone-beam computed tomography

Abstract

Background: Description of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) is important for planning surgical treatment and comprehension of the morphology and pathogenesis of lesions that occur in the anterior maxilla. The goal of this study was to analyse the dimensions and anatomic characteristics of the NPC on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, to determine the incidence of anatomical variation; and to assess the correlations of these variables with age, gender, and dental status.Materials and methods: A total of 320 individual CBCT images were included. Reformatted sagittal, coronal and axial slices were evaluated. Sagittal images were used for measurements of the NPC and to classified shape and direction-course of the NPC. Coronal images were used to analyse the NPC division levels and axial images were used to detect the number of palatal and nasal opening.Results: The mean NPC length was 11.45 +/- 2.50 mm; statistically significant differences were detected between males and females (p < 0.05). Mean nasopalatine angle was 76.26 +/- 8.12 degrees; significant differences were detected in sagittal and coronal classifications. The most common canal was: funnel-shaped (29%), slanted-curved direction-course (53.1%), middle third division level (43.1%), and one incisive foramen with two Stenson's foramina (1-2) (77.2%).Conclusions: The current study ensures new findings on the literature concerning the description of the anatomical structure of the canal. Also, the study highlights a significant variability in the anatomy and morphology of the NPC. Therefore, three-dimensional analysis of this structure is important for facilitating surgical management and preventing possible complications in this area.