Geç Antik Çağ ve Erken Bizans Dönemi’nde Myndos/Asar Adası
Date
2022-12-28
Authors
Çıtakoğlu, Hazal
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Günümüzde Muğla İli, Bodrum İlçesi, Gümüşlük Mahallesi sınırları içerisinde kalan ve antik dönemde Karia kentlerinden birisi olan Myndos antik kentinin güneybatısında Kocadağ ismi verilen bir yarımada, güney doğu uzantısında ise Asar Adası ismi verilen küçük bir ada yer almaktadır. 2009-2013 yılları arasında Asar Adası’nda kazı çalışmaları yürütülmüş ve bu kazılarda, ada üzerinde İÖ 4. yüzyıldan başlayıp, İS 14. yüzyıla kadar süren bir yerleşimin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hristiyanlığın kabul edilmesi ile birlikte, İS 5. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru, adanın en üst bölümünde bir bazilika inşa edilmiştir. Bazilika, İS 8. yüzyılın ortalarında meydana gelen büyük depremle yıkılmış ve bir daha onarılmamıştır. Adanın kuzey yamacında ise bazilikayla ilgili yapı kalıntıları açığa çıkartılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Asar Adası’nın Geç Antik Çağ ve Erken Bizans Dönemi’nden başlayarak 14. yüzyıla kadar geçirmiş olduğu mimari gelişim irdelenmiş; arkeolojik araştırmalar ışığında ada üzerinde söz konusu dönemlere ait yapılaşma evreleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kazılar sırasında ortaya çıkartılan ve tezin zamansal sınırına dâhil olan sikke, seramik, metal, cam ve taş eserler değerlendirilmiş; benzer örnekleri ile karşılaştırılarak tarihlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Aynı zamanda Asar Adası’nın Geç Antik Çağ görünümü üzerine üç boyutlu bir modelleme çalışması yapılarak ada ve üzerindeki yapıların olası durumuna dair bir öneri sunulmuştur. Tüm bu veriler sonucunda ise Hristiyanlık ile birlikte adanın dinî açıdan kimlik değiştirdiği; bir bazilika ve bunun etrafını çeviren müştemilatı ile yeni bir anlam kazanarak manastır görünümüne sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Pagan dönemde Apollon’a ait kült alanı ile kutsallığı ortaya konan Asar Adası’nın, bazilika ve ona ait birimleri ile Geç Antik Çağ’da da kutsiyetini koruyarak işlevini sürdürdüğü tartışmasız bir gerçektir.
A peninsula called Kocadağ in the southwest of the ancient city of Myndos, which is now within the borders of the province of Muğla, the district of Bodrum, the town of Gümüşlük and was one of the Carian cities in ancient times, and a small island called Asar Island in its southeastern extension are present. Excavations were carried out on Asar Island between 2009 and 2013 and it was found in those excavations that there was a settlement on the island that started in the 4th century BC and lasted until the 14th century AD. With the adoption of Christianity, a basilica was built at the highest point of the island toward the end of the 5th century AD. The basilica was destroyed by a large earthquake in the middle of the 8th century AD and was never repaired. Remains of buildings related to the basilica were unearthed on the northern slope of the island. Within the scope of this thesis, the architectural development of Asar Island, starting from the Late Antiquity and Early Byzantine Periods until the 14th century, was scrutinized, and in the light of archaeological studies, the construction phases of the said periods on the island were identified. In addition, coin, ceramic, metal, glass, and stone artifacts unearthed during the excavations and included in the time limit of the thesis were assessed and dated by comparing them with similar examples. At the same time, a three-dimensional modeling study on the Late Antique Age view of Asar Island was conducted and a suggestion about the possible situation of the island and the structures on it was made. As a result of all the foregoing data, it was revealed that the island changed its identity in terms of religion with the advent of Christianity and acquired a monastic appearance by gaining a new meaning with a basilica and its appurtenances surrounding it. It is an indisputable fact that Asar Island, known for its sanctity with the cult area belonging to Apollo in the pagan period, continued its function by safeguarding its sanctity with its basilica and its units also in the Late Antiquity.
A peninsula called Kocadağ in the southwest of the ancient city of Myndos, which is now within the borders of the province of Muğla, the district of Bodrum, the town of Gümüşlük and was one of the Carian cities in ancient times, and a small island called Asar Island in its southeastern extension are present. Excavations were carried out on Asar Island between 2009 and 2013 and it was found in those excavations that there was a settlement on the island that started in the 4th century BC and lasted until the 14th century AD. With the adoption of Christianity, a basilica was built at the highest point of the island toward the end of the 5th century AD. The basilica was destroyed by a large earthquake in the middle of the 8th century AD and was never repaired. Remains of buildings related to the basilica were unearthed on the northern slope of the island. Within the scope of this thesis, the architectural development of Asar Island, starting from the Late Antiquity and Early Byzantine Periods until the 14th century, was scrutinized, and in the light of archaeological studies, the construction phases of the said periods on the island were identified. In addition, coin, ceramic, metal, glass, and stone artifacts unearthed during the excavations and included in the time limit of the thesis were assessed and dated by comparing them with similar examples. At the same time, a three-dimensional modeling study on the Late Antique Age view of Asar Island was conducted and a suggestion about the possible situation of the island and the structures on it was made. As a result of all the foregoing data, it was revealed that the island changed its identity in terms of religion with the advent of Christianity and acquired a monastic appearance by gaining a new meaning with a basilica and its appurtenances surrounding it. It is an indisputable fact that Asar Island, known for its sanctity with the cult area belonging to Apollo in the pagan period, continued its function by safeguarding its sanctity with its basilica and its units also in the Late Antiquity.
Description
Keywords
Karia, Myndos, Asar Adası, Geç Antik Çağ, Erken Bizans dönemi, Bazilika, Caria, Asar Island, Late antiquity, Early Byzantine period, Basilica
Citation
Çıtakoğlu, H. (2023). Geç antik çağ ve erken Bizans dönemi’nde Myndos/Asar adası. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.