Son dönem mutezilesi ve determinizm: Filozofların tuzağı
Date
2019-01-23
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
nsan fiilleri konusunda determinist Eşarî görüşün mutlak hakimiyetini ortaya koyan Fahreddîn er-Râzî, bu konudaki görüşünü Mutezilî âlim Ebü’l-Hüseyin el-Basrî’nin “her fiil meydana gelmek için mutlaka bir motive ihtiyaç duyar” iddiası üzerine bina etmiştir. Ebü’l-Hüseyin el-Basrî’nin fiil ile motiv arasında zorunlu bir bağ gören bu düşüncesinin kaçınılmaz bir biçimde çift katmanlı bir determinizme yol açtığı ileri sürülmüştür: Fiilin motivle belirlenmesi ve fiilin onun motivinin yaratıcısı olan Allah tarafından belirlenmesi. Ancak bu determinizm iddiasının bütün Mutezile, özellikle de fiil ve motiv arasında zorunlu bir ilişki görmeyen Kâdî Abdülcebbâr açısından geçerli olduğunu söylemek zordur. Mamâfih bu, fiil ile motiv arasında zorunlu bir bağ gören Ebü’l-Hüseyin el-Basrî ve ekolü için doğru olabilir. Ancak yine de onların, felsefecilerden etkilenen Râzî gibi mutlak bir determinizme düştükleri söylenemez.
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, who states the definitive authority of deterministic Ash‘arite view on the matter of human acts, based his opinion on this matter on the Mu‘tazilite scholar Abu’l-Husayn al-Basrī’s claim that “every act necessarily requires a motive to occur”. It has been suggested that this view of Abu’l-Husayn al-Basrī which propounds a necessary link between act and motive, inevitably leads to a double form of determinism: determination of the act by the motive and determination of the act by God, the creator of the motive. But it is hard to say that this claim of determinism is valid for the whole Mu‘tazilah, especially for Qādī ‘Abd al-Jabbār who hadn’t accepted a necessary relationship between act and motive. This could be true, however, for Abu’l-Husayn al-Basrī and his school who had propounded a necessary link between act and motive. Yet it cannot be said that they had fallen into such an absolute determinism as al-Rāzī who was influenced by philosophers.
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, who states the definitive authority of deterministic Ash‘arite view on the matter of human acts, based his opinion on this matter on the Mu‘tazilite scholar Abu’l-Husayn al-Basrī’s claim that “every act necessarily requires a motive to occur”. It has been suggested that this view of Abu’l-Husayn al-Basrī which propounds a necessary link between act and motive, inevitably leads to a double form of determinism: determination of the act by the motive and determination of the act by God, the creator of the motive. But it is hard to say that this claim of determinism is valid for the whole Mu‘tazilah, especially for Qādī ‘Abd al-Jabbār who hadn’t accepted a necessary relationship between act and motive. This could be true, however, for Abu’l-Husayn al-Basrī and his school who had propounded a necessary link between act and motive. Yet it cannot be said that they had fallen into such an absolute determinism as al-Rāzī who was influenced by philosophers.
Description
“The Late Mu‘tazila and Determinism: The Philosophers’ Trap”, Yād-Nāma in Memoria di Alessandro Bausani, vol. I: Islamistica, (ed. B. Scarcia Amoretti Lucia Rostagno, Roma: Bardi Editore, 1991): 245-257.
Keywords
İnsan filleri, İbnü’l-Melâhimî, Motiv (Dâî), Determinizm, Mutezile, Ebü’l-Hüseyin el-Basrî, Kâdî Abdülcebbâr, Fahreddîn er-Râzî, Human Acts, Ibn al-Malahimi, Motive (Da‘i), Determinism, Mu‘tazila, Abu’l-Husayn alBasri, Qadi Abd al-Jabbar, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Razi
Citation
Madelung, W. (2019) "Son dönem mutezilesi ve determinizm: Filozofların tuzağı". çev. Kevser Demir Bektaş. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 275-289.