Çağdaş zihin felsefesinde qualianın ontolojik statüsü problemi
Date
2020-07-18
Authors
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
“Qualianın ontolojik statüsü” problemi, bilinçli deneyimlerin öznel niteliklerinin yani qualianın, beyin ve merkezi sinir sistemindeki biyokimyasal/nörolojik/fiziksel süreçler üzerinden açıklanmasının mümkün olup olmadığı problemi olarak tanımlanabilir. Çağdaş zihin felsefesi alanında yürütülen tartışmalarının çekirdeğini oluşturan qualia problemi, Antik Yunan felsefesinden günümüze uzanan süreçte farklı formlarda karşımıza çıkmış olan iki kadim sorunsalın –materyalizm-düalizm karşıtlığı ile zihin-beden probleminin– çağdaş bir uzantısıdır. Çalışmamızın ilk bölümü; qualia kavramının tanımını ve temel niteliklerini, bu olgunun bilinç ve beyinle olan ilişkisini, qualianın ontolojik statüsü probleminin tanımı ve kapsamını içermektedir. İkinci ve üçüncü bölümlerde felsefe tarihinde ruhtan zihne, zihinden bilince uzanan süreç, bu kavramlara yönelik temel ontolojik yaklaşımlar eşliğinde serimlenmektedir. Dördüncü bölümde çağdaş zihin felsefesinin mayalanadığı entelektüel iklim ana hatlarıyla ele alındıktan sonra, qualia problemine yönelik iki asli ontolojik yaklaşım olan indirgemecilik ve anti-indirgemecilik önde gelen temsilcilerinden hareketle ortaya konmuştur. Son olarak araştırmamız neticesinde ulaştığımız sonuçlar ve probleme yönelik ontolojik bir kavrayış önerisi sunulmaktadır.
“The problem of the ontological status of qualia” can be defined as the problem of whether the subjective qualities of conscious experience, i.e. qualia, can be explained by way of biochemical/neurological/physical processes that take place in the brain and central nervous system. The problem of qualia, which constitutes the core of discussions held in the field of contemporary philosophy of mind, is an extent of two ancient problematics –materialism-dualism antilogy and mind-body problem– that appear in different forms within the period from Ancient Greek philosophy to our day. The first section of our work includes the definition and main properties of the concept qualia; its relation with consciousness and brain, the definition and scope of the problem of the ontological status of qualia. In the second and third sections, the process from soul to mind and from mind to consciousness in philosophy of mind are presented in company with main ontological approaches towards these concepts. In the fourth section, firstly the intellectual climate where contemporary philosophy of mind is cultivated is outlined. Then reductionism and anti-reductionism which are the two main ontological approaches to the problem of qualia are introduced with reference to its leading representatives. Lastly, the results we came through as a result of our research and a proposal of an ontological conception regarding the problem are presented.
“The problem of the ontological status of qualia” can be defined as the problem of whether the subjective qualities of conscious experience, i.e. qualia, can be explained by way of biochemical/neurological/physical processes that take place in the brain and central nervous system. The problem of qualia, which constitutes the core of discussions held in the field of contemporary philosophy of mind, is an extent of two ancient problematics –materialism-dualism antilogy and mind-body problem– that appear in different forms within the period from Ancient Greek philosophy to our day. The first section of our work includes the definition and main properties of the concept qualia; its relation with consciousness and brain, the definition and scope of the problem of the ontological status of qualia. In the second and third sections, the process from soul to mind and from mind to consciousness in philosophy of mind are presented in company with main ontological approaches towards these concepts. In the fourth section, firstly the intellectual climate where contemporary philosophy of mind is cultivated is outlined. Then reductionism and anti-reductionism which are the two main ontological approaches to the problem of qualia are introduced with reference to its leading representatives. Lastly, the results we came through as a result of our research and a proposal of an ontological conception regarding the problem are presented.
Description
Keywords
Bilinç, Qualia, İndirgemecilik, Zihin-beden problemi, Fenomenal bilinç, Consciousness, Reductionism, Mind-body problem, Phenomenal consciousness
Citation
Berke, Z. (2022). Çağdaş zihin felsefesinde qualianın ontolojik statüsü problemi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.