Gemlik zeytin çeşitinde bilezik alma, seyreltme ve büyümeyi düzenleyici kimyasal maddelerin verim, kalite ve periyodisiteye etkileri üzerine bir araştırma
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Date
1992-02-24
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
1989-1991 yılları arasında, Uludağ- üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü'nde yapılan bu araştırmanın denemeleri Bursa îli Gemlik ilçesi'nde, "Gemlik" zeytin çeşitine ait bir üretici bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, "Gemlik" zeytin çeşitinde verim ve kaliteyi artırarak periyodisitenin şiddetini azaltmak için bilezik alma (15 Şubat 1989 ile 15 Şubat 1990 ve 15 Mart 1989 ile 15 Mart 1990), NAA ile çiçek seyreltmesi (tam çiçeklenmeden 10 gün sonra 100 ve 150 ppm) ve GAs (küçük meyve dönemlerinde 25, 50, 100 ppm) uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, bilezik alma ve GAs'ün birlikte etkisini görmek amacıyla, "bilezik alma+GA3" kombinasyonlarına da yer verilmiştir. Araştırmada değerlendirme parametreleri olarak, sürgünlerdeki somak, somaktaki çiçek ve her somakta tutan meyve sayıları, verim, kilogramdaki dane (meyve) sayısı, meyve uzunluğunun genişliğine oranı, et/çekirdek oranı ile meyvelerin (çekirdeksiz) pH, asit, yağ ve kül oranları ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 1989 ve 1990 yıllarında, her yıl hem "yok" hem de "var" dönemlerindeki ağaçlara uygulamalar yapılmış ve aşağıdaki sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. 1. Genel olarak bütün uygulamalar, ele alınan parametreler açısından kontrollere göre daha başarılı sonuçlar vermiştir. 2. Sürgünlerdeki somak sayılarının artışı açısından" bilezik alma+GAs" uygulamaları en başarılı sonuçları sağlamıştır. Özellikle, "II.Bilezik alma (15 Mart 1990)+50 ppm GA3" uygulaması "yok" döneminde 56.33 adet ve "var" döneminde de 146.00 adet somak sayısı ile en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. 3. 1989 yılı "yok" ve "var" dönemlerinde yapılan NAA ile seyreltme uygulamaları sonucunda, 1990 yılı her iki döneminde de somaktaki çiçek sayılarında önemli artışlar sağlanmıştır. 4. Genel olarak bütün uygulamaların etkisiyle her somakta tutan meyve sayılarında bir artış olmuştur. 1989 yılı "yok" döneminde "I.Bilezik alma (15 Şubat 1989)+50 ppm GA3" (1.81 adet) ve "var" döneminde "I.Bilezik alma (15 Şubat 1989)+100 ppm GA3" (2.79 adet),-1990 yılı "yok" döneminde "100 ppm NAA"(0.94 adet) ve "var" döneminde de "II. Bilezik alma (15 Mart 19,90)+100 ppm GA3"(1.73 adet) uygulamaları yüksek değerler vermiştir. 5. Araştırma sonucunda, 1989 ve 1990 yıllarında "bilezik alma + GA3" uygulamalarından en iyi verim artışı sağlanarak periyodisitenin şiddeti azaltılmıştır. Yine, tek olarak uygulanan GA3 ve bilezik alma uygulamaları da verimi artırmıştır. 6. Kilogramdaki dane (meyve) sayısı açısından, "bilezik alma+GA3" uygulamaları en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. örneğin, 1989 yılı "yok" döneminde "II.Bilezik alma (15 Mart 1989) +50 ppm GA3" (296.66 adet) ve 1990 yılı "var" döneminde de "II.Bilezik alma (15 Mart 1990) + 25 ppm GA3" (241.66 adet) uygulamaları yüksek meyve ağırlığını sağlamıştır. 7. Meyve uzunluğunun genişliğine oranında 1989 yılındaki bazı ekstrem değerlerin dışında, uygulamalar arasında önemli farklılıklar ortaya çıkmamıştır. Meyvelerin et/çekirdek oranları da uygulamaların etkisiyle artmıştır. Bu parametre açısından, özellikle kombinasyon ve GAa uygulamalarının olumlu etkileri daha fazla olmuştur. 8. Araştırma sonucunda, meyvelerin pH, asit ve kül oranları üzerine uygulamaların önemli etki yapmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Yağ oranlarında ise, 1989 yılında bir azalma görülürken; bu azalma 1990 yılında tüm uygulamalar için tespit edilmemiştir.
A grower orchard consists of "Gemlik" ol ive cultivar in Gemlik county of Bursa province was used for the trials of the research which was conducted in Uludağ University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture between 1989 and 1991. In the- research, girdling (15 February 1989 - 15 February 1990 and 15 March 1989 - 15 March 1990), flower thinning with NAA (100 ppm and 150 ppm, 10 days after full-bloom) and GA3 (25, 50 and 100 ppm at fruitlet stage) applications were conducted in order to decrease the severity of altemate bearing in "Gemlik" ol ive cultivar by improving the yield and quality. Moreover, "girdling + GA3" combinations were also included to see the combined effect of girdling and GA3. In the study, number of panicles on shoots, number of flowers per panicle and number of fruit set per panicle, yield, number of fruits per kg, ratio of fruit length to width, ratio of flesh/seed and pH, acidity , oil and ash ratios were considered as parameters of evaluation. In this study, treatments were conducted in both "on" and "off" periods each year during 1989 and 1990 and the following results vere obtained: 1. Generally ,all applications gave more successful results compared with control by the parameters considered. -61- 2. "Girdiing + GA3" applications gave the most successful results with respect to increasing the number of panicles on shoots. Especially, "II. Girdiing (15 March 1990) + 50 ppm GA3" application gave the highest figures as 56.33 in "off" period and with 146.00 in "on" period. 3. As a result of the thinning applications with NAA in "on" and "off" periods of 1989, significant increases were ohtained with respect to the number of flowers per panicle in both two periods of 1990. 4. Generally, ali applications caused an increase in the number of fruit set per panicle. In 1989 "I .Girdling ,(15 February 1989) 4- 50 ppm GA3" in "off" period and "I. Girdling (15 February 1989)+100 ppm GA3" in "on" period gave the most successful results as 1.81 and 2.79 respectively while in 1990 "100 ppm NAA" in "off" period and "II. Girdling (15 March 1990) 4- 100 ppm GA3" in "on" period gave the highest results as 0.94 and 1.73 respectively. 5. The best increase in yield in 1989 and 1990 was achieved through the combined applications of "girdling 4- GA3", thus the severity of alternate bearing was decreased. Also, GA3 treatments and girdlings applied individually increased the yield. 6. "Girdling 4- GA3" applications gave the highest figures by the number of fruits per kg. For example, in 1989 "II. Girdling -62- (15 March 1989)+50 ppm GA3" in "off" period and in 1990 "II. Girdiing (15 March 1990) + 25ppm GA3" applications in "on" period gave high fruit weight as 296.66 per kg and 241.66 per kg respectively. 7. By the ratio of fruit length to fruit width, significant differences vere not found among the applications except some extreme figures in 1989. The ratios of fruit flesh/seed also increased in response to applications. By this parameter, especiall-y the combined treatments and GA3 applications had more positive effects. 8. As a result of the study, the applications appeared not to affect the pH, acidity and ash ratios of fruits significantly. A reduction was observed in oil ratios in 1989 while this reduction was not determined for ali applications in 1990.
A grower orchard consists of "Gemlik" ol ive cultivar in Gemlik county of Bursa province was used for the trials of the research which was conducted in Uludağ University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture between 1989 and 1991. In the- research, girdling (15 February 1989 - 15 February 1990 and 15 March 1989 - 15 March 1990), flower thinning with NAA (100 ppm and 150 ppm, 10 days after full-bloom) and GA3 (25, 50 and 100 ppm at fruitlet stage) applications were conducted in order to decrease the severity of altemate bearing in "Gemlik" ol ive cultivar by improving the yield and quality. Moreover, "girdling + GA3" combinations were also included to see the combined effect of girdling and GA3. In the study, number of panicles on shoots, number of flowers per panicle and number of fruit set per panicle, yield, number of fruits per kg, ratio of fruit length to width, ratio of flesh/seed and pH, acidity , oil and ash ratios were considered as parameters of evaluation. In this study, treatments were conducted in both "on" and "off" periods each year during 1989 and 1990 and the following results vere obtained: 1. Generally ,all applications gave more successful results compared with control by the parameters considered. -61- 2. "Girdiing + GA3" applications gave the most successful results with respect to increasing the number of panicles on shoots. Especially, "II. Girdiing (15 March 1990) + 50 ppm GA3" application gave the highest figures as 56.33 in "off" period and with 146.00 in "on" period. 3. As a result of the thinning applications with NAA in "on" and "off" periods of 1989, significant increases were ohtained with respect to the number of flowers per panicle in both two periods of 1990. 4. Generally, ali applications caused an increase in the number of fruit set per panicle. In 1989 "I .Girdling ,(15 February 1989) 4- 50 ppm GA3" in "off" period and "I. Girdling (15 February 1989)+100 ppm GA3" in "on" period gave the most successful results as 1.81 and 2.79 respectively while in 1990 "100 ppm NAA" in "off" period and "II. Girdling (15 March 1990) 4- 100 ppm GA3" in "on" period gave the highest results as 0.94 and 1.73 respectively. 5. The best increase in yield in 1989 and 1990 was achieved through the combined applications of "girdling 4- GA3", thus the severity of alternate bearing was decreased. Also, GA3 treatments and girdlings applied individually increased the yield. 6. "Girdling 4- GA3" applications gave the highest figures by the number of fruits per kg. For example, in 1989 "II. Girdling -62- (15 March 1989)+50 ppm GA3" in "off" period and in 1990 "II. Girdiing (15 March 1990) + 25ppm GA3" applications in "on" period gave high fruit weight as 296.66 per kg and 241.66 per kg respectively. 7. By the ratio of fruit length to fruit width, significant differences vere not found among the applications except some extreme figures in 1989. The ratios of fruit flesh/seed also increased in response to applications. By this parameter, especiall-y the combined treatments and GA3 applications had more positive effects. 8. As a result of the study, the applications appeared not to affect the pH, acidity and ash ratios of fruits significantly. A reduction was observed in oil ratios in 1989 while this reduction was not determined for ali applications in 1990.
Description
Keywords
Bahçe bitkileri, Horticultural crops, Bilezik alma, Girdling, Bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri, Plant growth regulators, Kalite, Quality, Seyreltme, Thinning, Verim, Yield, Zeytin, Olive
Citation
Barut, E. (1992). Gemlik zeytin çeşitinde bilezik alma, seyreltme ve büyümeyi düzenleyici kimyasal maddelerin verim, kalite ve periyodisiteye etkileri üzerine bir araştırma Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.