Anadolu’da Apollon kehanet merkezleri ve objeleri
Date
2023-06-20
Authors
Hardal, Efdal
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Apollon tapınaklarının ve kehanet merkezlerinin kökeni, gelişimi ve yayılımı bütüncül bir yaklaşım olmaksızın incelenemez. Kehanete ve kâhinlere dair olan esasların bölgesel bir bakış açısı ile değerlendirilmeleri Arkeoloji Bilim Dalı’nın temel gereksinimidir. Çünkü materyallerin ve yapıların bulundukları çevresel etkenlerle birlikte ele alınmaları gerekir. Anadolu’da bulunan Apollon kehanet merkezleri, aynı bölgede etkileşim içerisinde olduğu Yunanistan ana karası ve Ege Adaları’nda bulunan kehanet merkezleri ile birlikte bir arada düşünülmelidir. Bu amaçla TÜBİTAK’a 2214-A Yurt Dışı Doktora Sırası Araştırma Burs Programı kapsamında “Yunanistan Ana Karası ve Ege Adalarında Bulunan Birincil Kehanet Merkezleri ve Objelerinin Yerinde Arkeolojik ve İkonografik Açıdan İncelenmesi” başlıklı proje başvurusunda bulunulmuş ve kazanılmıştır. Proje kapsamında 12 ay süreyle Yunanistan’da ikamet edilmiş ve ihtiyaç duyulan tüm yerinde gözlemler ve kütüphane çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir .Doktora tezine konu çalışmaların neticesinde varılan sonuç; Anadolu, Ege Adaları ve Yunanistan ana karasındaki Apollon kehanet merkezlerinin ortak bir kökene işaret ettiğidir. Ana Tanrıça kültüne dayanan bu kökenin merkezi Anadolu olmalıdır. Ayrıca Apollon kehanet ocağı kültünün var olduğu her Apollon tapınağının aynı zamanda bir kehanet merkezi olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. Bunun sebebi omphalos, skeptron ve meşe ağacı kültünün temelinde yer alan Zeus kültüdür.
The origin, development and diffusion of the temples of Apollo and oracle centers can not be examined with the lack of a holistic view. The discipline of Archaeology requires regional perspectives to analyze the principles of divination and prophets. Because the surroundings of materials and structures need to be evaluated together with environmental factors. Therefore, Apolline oracle centers of Anatolia, mainland Greece and Aegean Islands should be considered as a whole with the interacted centers in the same region. For this purpose, a project application named “On-Site Archaeological and Iconographic Analysis of Primary Oracles and Objects in Mainland Greece and Aegean Islands” was submitted to TÜBİTAK within the scope of the 2214-A International Research Fellowship Programme for PhD Students and it was approved. Within the scope of this project, I resided in Greece for 12 months and carried out all neccessary on-site observations and library studies. As a result of the doctoral thesis studies; it was decided that the oracle centers of Apollo in Anatolia, Aegean Islands and mainland Greece indicated the same origin. The center of this origin which was based on the cult of Mother Goddess was supposed to be Anatolia. In addition, it was concluded that every Apollo temple which had the cult of Apolline oracle was also a divination center. The reason behind this was the cult of Zeus based on the cults of omphalos, skeptron and the oak tree.
The origin, development and diffusion of the temples of Apollo and oracle centers can not be examined with the lack of a holistic view. The discipline of Archaeology requires regional perspectives to analyze the principles of divination and prophets. Because the surroundings of materials and structures need to be evaluated together with environmental factors. Therefore, Apolline oracle centers of Anatolia, mainland Greece and Aegean Islands should be considered as a whole with the interacted centers in the same region. For this purpose, a project application named “On-Site Archaeological and Iconographic Analysis of Primary Oracles and Objects in Mainland Greece and Aegean Islands” was submitted to TÜBİTAK within the scope of the 2214-A International Research Fellowship Programme for PhD Students and it was approved. Within the scope of this project, I resided in Greece for 12 months and carried out all neccessary on-site observations and library studies. As a result of the doctoral thesis studies; it was decided that the oracle centers of Apollo in Anatolia, Aegean Islands and mainland Greece indicated the same origin. The center of this origin which was based on the cult of Mother Goddess was supposed to be Anatolia. In addition, it was concluded that every Apollo temple which had the cult of Apolline oracle was also a divination center. The reason behind this was the cult of Zeus based on the cults of omphalos, skeptron and the oak tree.
Description
Keywords
Apollon, Kehanet, Kâhin, Omphalos, Skeptron, Delphi, Didyma, Apollo, Oracle, Prophet
Citation
Hardal, E. (2023). Anadolu’da Apollon kehanet merkezleri ve objeleri. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.