Osmanlı’dan günümüze tarım kesiminin vergilendirilmesi
Date
2024-08-08
Authors
Gökşin, Yasemin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, tarımın vergilendirilmesi konusunun Osmanlı devletinden başlanarak günümüze kadar olan değişimi incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Osmanlıda ve Türkiye Cumhuriyetinde tarım alanında yapılan çalışmaların incelenerek, tarım alanındaki sorunların tespiti ve tarım alanına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmasıdır. Tez iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Osmanlı Devletinde tarım , ikinci bölümde Türkiye’de tarım incelenmiştir. Tarım vergilerinin çiftçi üzerindeki etkilerine bakılmıştır. 1925 yılında kaldırılan aşar vergisinin kaldırılma nedenleri ve aşar vergisinin çiftçi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Osmanlıda yaşanan isyanların toprak vergisi ile bağlantısı araştırılmıştır. “1946 yılında yürürlüğe giren Toprak Mahsulleri Vergisi aşar vergisi devamı niteliğindedir” olgusu araştırılıp, Aşar Vergisi ve Toprak Mahsulleri Vergisi karşılaştırılmıştır. Tarım sektörü Türkiye’nin gayri safi yurt içi hasılasındaki payı nedeniyle çok önemli bir vergi potansiyeli oluşturmaktadır. Tarımın doğal şartlara bağımlı oluşu tarımsal gelirin hesaplanmasında yaşanan teknik zorluklar tarımda yıldan yıla fazla gelir dalgalanmalarına neden olmuştur. Bu araştırmada literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde tarım kesimi nasıl vergilendiriliyor, iyileştirilmek için neler yapılabilir? Sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır.
In this research, the change in the taxation of agriculture, starting from the Ottoman Empire until today, was examined. The aim of this research is to examine the studies carried out in the field of agriculture in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey, to identify the problems in the field of agriculture and to make suggestions for the field of agriculture. The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, agriculture in the Ottoman Empire was examined, and in the second part, agriculture in Turkey was examined. The effects of agricultural taxes on farmers were examined. The reasons for the abolition of tithe tax in 1925 and the effects of tithe tax on farmers were examined. The connection between the rebellions in the Ottoman Empire and the land tax was investigated. The fact that "Soil Products Tax, which came into force in 1946, is a continuation of the tithe tax" was investigated and the Tithe Tax and Soil Products Tax were compared. The agricultural sector creates a very important tax potential due to its share in Turkey's gross domestic product. Agriculture's dependence on natural conditions and technical difficulties in calculating agricultural income have caused high income fluctuations in agriculture from year to year. In this research, the literature review method was used. How is the agricultural sector taxed today, and what can be done to improve it? The answer to the question has been sought.
In this research, the change in the taxation of agriculture, starting from the Ottoman Empire until today, was examined. The aim of this research is to examine the studies carried out in the field of agriculture in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey, to identify the problems in the field of agriculture and to make suggestions for the field of agriculture. The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, agriculture in the Ottoman Empire was examined, and in the second part, agriculture in Turkey was examined. The effects of agricultural taxes on farmers were examined. The reasons for the abolition of tithe tax in 1925 and the effects of tithe tax on farmers were examined. The connection between the rebellions in the Ottoman Empire and the land tax was investigated. The fact that "Soil Products Tax, which came into force in 1946, is a continuation of the tithe tax" was investigated and the Tithe Tax and Soil Products Tax were compared. The agricultural sector creates a very important tax potential due to its share in Turkey's gross domestic product. Agriculture's dependence on natural conditions and technical difficulties in calculating agricultural income have caused high income fluctuations in agriculture from year to year. In this research, the literature review method was used. How is the agricultural sector taxed today, and what can be done to improve it? The answer to the question has been sought.
Description
Keywords
Zirai kazanç, Aşar, Toprak Mahsulleri Vergisi, Agricultural earnings, Tithe, Soil Products Tax