Transformatör çekirdeklerinde geometrik yapıya bağlı manyetik akı dağılımı ve enerji verimine etkisi
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Date
2016-11-01
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Transformatör, motor ve jeneratör gibi elektrik makinelerinde çekirdek ve blok kısımlarında sıklıkla kullanılan yönlendirilmiş ve yönlendirilmemiş elektrik çeliklerinde, kullanım amaçlarına uygun olarak delik açma sonucu oluşan manyetik bozulma, hem manyetik özellikler hem de domain yapısı açısından incelenmiştir. Manyetik domainler, Manyeto-optik Kerr etkisini (MOKE) esas alarak gözlem yapma olanağı veren Kerr mikroskoplarının düşük ve yüksek çözünürlüklü modülleriyle gözlemlenmiştir. Domainler, elektrik çeliklerinin makro ve mikro yapıları arasında bir bağlantı sağlamak açısından incelenmiş ve 10 mm çapındaki dairesel bir delik etrafındaki manyetik akı dağılımı, nicel olarak modellenebilmiştir. Malzemelerde lokalize olarak meydana gelen manyetik bozulmaların açıklaması için relüktans ve geçirgenlik arasındaki bağ kullanılmış ve mikro yapı görüntüleri üzerinden araştırılmıştır. Özellikle %3-SiFe graini yönlendirilmiş elektrik çeliklerinde, yerel ve genel manyetik akı dağılımının incelenmesi için domain teorsinden faydalanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, söz konusu yönlendirilmiş çelikleri, farklı manyetik anizotropi içeriklerinde incelenmiş ve histerezis eğrileri üzerinden lokal ve genel manyetik özellik karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Bağıl geçirgenlik (mr) ve maksimum geçirgenlik (mmax) gibi spesifik manyetik özelliklerin karşılaştırılması sonucunda, (1 1 0)[0 0 1] kristalografik yönelime sahip graini yönlendirilmiş %3-SiFe elektrik çeliğinin, yönlendirilmemiş çeliklere oldukça benzer olduğu deneysel olarak bulunmuştur. Haddeleme doğrultusuna dik kesilen malzemenin, böylelikle, mikro yapısal olarak oldukça karmaşık bir doğası olan yönlendirilmemiş çeliklere alternatif olabileceği önerilmiştir. Bu önerme doğrultusunda, delik etrafındaki manyetik alan dağılımları navigasyonel olarak iki farklı modelde çok başarılı bir şekilde tanımlanmıştır. Dahası her iki modelin sistem parametreleri ve sonuçları birbiriyle paralel olmasına rağmen, farklı metot ve tanımlamalar ile bir manyetik alan çizgisinin doğrultusu nicel olarak gösterilebilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, elektrik çeliklerinde anormal kayıplar olarak adlandırılan mikroyapısal deformasyonların etkilerini, yeniden organize olan dallanmış ve bağcık benzeri domainler üzerinden açıklamıştır.
The detrimental effect of drilling electrical steel sheets was deeply investigated in terms both of magnetic properties and of domain structures in grain oriented and non-oriented electrical steel which is commonly used as a core and cylinder block in electrical machines such as transformers, motors and generators. Magnetic domains were observed by Kerr microscopy at low and high resolution modules where Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) enables to get visible domain patterns. Since Domains were examined to provide a link between macro- and microstructures of electrical steel in this study, magnetic flux density distribution was able to modelling in a quantitative way. In order to explain localized magnetic deterioration in the sample, the connection between reluctance and relative permeability (mr) were empirically investigated by comparing local and global hysteresis loops of certain regions. In grain-oriented Fe-3%Si transformer sheets, such local and global magnetic flux density distribution was able to study with helping of domain theory. Moreover, certain grain oriented electrical steels were analyzed with regard to their anisotropy content. In this sense, generalized magnetic properties could be compared on hysteresis loops. As a result of comparing some of specific magnetic properties such as relative and maximum permeability, it was experimentally found that grain-oriented Fe-3%Si transformer sheets with a [001](110) Goss texture has relatively similar properties with respect to non-oriented sheets. Therefore, it was proposed that the sample which are horizontally cut to rolling direction could be described as a proper alternative to non-oriented sheets. In the way of this proposal, magnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the hole was successfully defined at two different models. Whereas the system parameters and empirical results of either model are parallel each other, direction of the magnetic field lines could be quantitatively indicated with distinctive methods and description. Obtained evidences are to put forward the effects of microstructural deformations which are defined as "anomalous losses" in electrical steels by domain branching and cord patterns as a result of domain re-organization mechanism.
The detrimental effect of drilling electrical steel sheets was deeply investigated in terms both of magnetic properties and of domain structures in grain oriented and non-oriented electrical steel which is commonly used as a core and cylinder block in electrical machines such as transformers, motors and generators. Magnetic domains were observed by Kerr microscopy at low and high resolution modules where Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) enables to get visible domain patterns. Since Domains were examined to provide a link between macro- and microstructures of electrical steel in this study, magnetic flux density distribution was able to modelling in a quantitative way. In order to explain localized magnetic deterioration in the sample, the connection between reluctance and relative permeability (mr) were empirically investigated by comparing local and global hysteresis loops of certain regions. In grain-oriented Fe-3%Si transformer sheets, such local and global magnetic flux density distribution was able to study with helping of domain theory. Moreover, certain grain oriented electrical steels were analyzed with regard to their anisotropy content. In this sense, generalized magnetic properties could be compared on hysteresis loops. As a result of comparing some of specific magnetic properties such as relative and maximum permeability, it was experimentally found that grain-oriented Fe-3%Si transformer sheets with a [001](110) Goss texture has relatively similar properties with respect to non-oriented sheets. Therefore, it was proposed that the sample which are horizontally cut to rolling direction could be described as a proper alternative to non-oriented sheets. In the way of this proposal, magnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the hole was successfully defined at two different models. Whereas the system parameters and empirical results of either model are parallel each other, direction of the magnetic field lines could be quantitatively indicated with distinctive methods and description. Obtained evidences are to put forward the effects of microstructural deformations which are defined as "anomalous losses" in electrical steels by domain branching and cord patterns as a result of domain re-organization mechanism.
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Keywords
Manyetik domainler, Histerezis eğrileri, Manyetik geçirgenlik ve relüktans, %3-SiFe graini yönlendirilmiş elektrik çelikleri, Manyeto-optik Kerr etkisi, Magnetic domains, Hysteresis loops, Magnetic permeability and reluctance, Grain-oriented Fe-3%Si transformer sheets, Magneto-optical Kerr effect
Citation
Güneş, T. (2016). Transformatör çekirdeklerinde geometrik yapıya bağlı manyetik akı dağılımı ve enerji verimine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.