Kanatlıların kronik solunum yolu infeksiyonu (Chronic Respiratory Disease - CRD) üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bakteriyolojik ve serolojik araştırmalar
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Date
1991
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Kronik Solunum Yolu İnfeksiyonundan şüpheli 44 tavuk sürüsünde(damızlık, broiler ve yumurtacı) etiolojik ve serolojik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmadaki çalışmalar üç farklı bolümde gruplandırılabilir: Üç sürüde izolasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. 22 sürüde hem izolasyon hem serolojik yoklamalar yapılmış ve 19 sürüde sadece serolojik çalışmalar uygulanmıştır. Böylece toplam 25 farklı sürü Mycoplasma gallisepticum'un izolasyon ve identifikasyonu için kullanılmış, toplam 41 sürü de serolojik olarak kontrol edilmiştir. İzolasyon çalışmalarında, 25 sürüde 137 tavuğun trachea, hava keseleri, akciğerler ve infraorbital sinuslarından alınan örnekler selektif besi yerlerine ekilmiştir. İzolasyon için Adler buyyon, Mohammed agar, FM4 agar ve FM4 buyyon kullanılmıştır. 15 adedi M.gallisepticum, diğerleri M.gallinarum olarak identifiye edilen toplam 21 Mycoplasma suşu izole edilmiştir. M.gallisepticum suşları trachea, hava keseleri ve akciğerden sırasıyla %7.3,%3.0 ve %0.7 oranlarında izole edilmiş, oysa infraorbital sinuslardan izolasyon yapılamamıştır. Diğer yandan, M.gallinarum suşları ise sadece tracheal Örneklerden %4.4 oranında izole edilmiştir. M.gallisepticum'un izolasyonu açısından besiyerleri arasında bir fark olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Identifikasyon için,izolantların üreme özellikleri, koloni morfolojileri incelenmiş, biyokimyasal testler ve Üreme İnhibisyon (Growth İnhibition-GI) testi yapılmıştır. M.gallisepticum ve M.gallinarum'un üreme özellikleri ve koloni görünümleri arasında farklar olduğu gözlenmiştir. Biyokimyasal testlerde ise, 15 M.gallisepticum izolantının glukoz fermentasyonu ve tetrazolium redaksiyonu testlerinde pozitif iken, arginin hidrolizi ve film-spot oluşturma testlerinde negatif oldukları kararına varılmıştır. Buna ilaveten 6 M.gallinarum izolantının glukoz fermentasyonu yönünden negatif, diğer testlerde pozitif olduğu bulunmuştur. M.gallisepticum ve M.gallinarum suslarının ikiside digitonine duyarlılık testinde pozitif reaksiyon vermiştir. Gi testinde, izolantların üremesi spesifik antiserumları tarafından inhibe edilmiştir ve M.gallisepticum ile M.gallinarum arasında hiçbir kros reaksiyon olmadığı gözlenmiştir. 41 sürüden alınan toplam 499 kan serumunda M.gallisepticum'a karşı antikorları saptamak için Çabuk Serum Aglütinasyon (Rapid Serum Agglutination-RSA) ve Hemaglütinasyon İnhibisyon (Hemagglutination Inhibition-Hl) testleri kullanılmıştır. H1 testinde, M. gallisepticum infeksiyonu için 263 serum pozitif olarak kaydedilirken RSA testinde 242 serum pozitif bulunmuştur. 22 sürüde, serolojik testlerin sonuçları, izolasyon ve identifikasyon çalışmalarının sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıstır. M.gallisepticum'un izole edildiği 5 sürü ile M.gallinarum'unizole edildiği bir sürüde Hİ testi uygulanmış ve bu hayvanlarda hemaglotinasyonu inhibe edici antikor titrelerinin oldukça yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna karşın serolojik olarak pozitif olan 11 sürüde izolasyon yapılamamıştır. 5 sürüde de ne etken izolasyonu ne de hemaglütinasyon inhibisyon antikorlarına rastlanmamıştır.
In this study,etiological and serological examinations of 44 chicken flocks (breeder , broiler and layer) suspected with Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) were carried out. Studies in this research can be grouped in three diffe rent sections. Isolation studies have been done in three flocks. Both isolation and serological examinations were made in 22 flocks and only serological work has been performed in 19 flocks. Thus, total 25 different flocks were used for the isolation and identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and total 41 flocks were checked serologically. Samples taken from tracheas, air sacs, lungs and infra orbital sinuses of the 137 chickens in 25 flocks were inoculated into the selective media in the isolation studies. Adler broth, Mohammed agar ,FM4 agar and FM4 broth were used for the isolation. A total 21 Mycoplasma strains were isolated, out of which 15 were identified as M.gallisepticum and the rest as M.gallinarum.M.gallisepticum strains were obtained from tracheas, air sacs and lungs in ratio with 7.3%,3.0% andø.7%, respectively, whereas no isolations were done from infraorbital sinuses. On the other hand, M.gallinarum strains were isolated only from tracheal samples in 4.4% ratio.it was determined that there were no differences between the media for the isolation of the M.gallisepticum. Growth characteristics and colony morphologies of the isolates were examined, biochemical and Growth Inhibition (61) tests were performed for the identification. It was observed that there are differences between M.galli septicum and M. gallinarum in respect to growth characteristics and appea rance of the colonies. As for the biochemical tests, it was decided that 15 M.gallisepticum isolates were positive for their glukose fermentation and tetrazolium reduction tests while they were negative for arginin hydrolisis and film-s pot forming tests. In addition, it was found that 6 M.gallina rum isolates were negative for glukose fermentation, but po sitive for the other tests. Both M.gallisepticum and M.galli narum strains gave positive reaction in digitonin sensitivity tests. In G1 test,propagation of the isolates were inhibited by their spesific antisera and it was seen that there were no cross reaction between M. galli septicum and M.galli Darlim. A total of 499 blood sera obtained from 41 chicken flocks were used in Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) and Hemagglutination Inhibition (H1) tests in order to determine the antibodies againts M.gallisepticum. It was found that 263 sera were positive for M.gallisepticum infection with HI tests while 242 were positive with RSA. The results of serological tests were evaluated to gether with those of the isolation and identification studi es in 22 flocks.HI tests were done in five flocks in which M. galli septicum was isolated and one flock in which M. galli narum was isolated and in there animals, Hemagglutination In hibiting antibody titers were found to be considerably high.On the contrary, in 11 serologically positive flocks no isolation could be made. Neither agent isolation nor Hemagg lutination Inhibiting antibodies have been found in five flocks.
In this study,etiological and serological examinations of 44 chicken flocks (breeder , broiler and layer) suspected with Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) were carried out. Studies in this research can be grouped in three diffe rent sections. Isolation studies have been done in three flocks. Both isolation and serological examinations were made in 22 flocks and only serological work has been performed in 19 flocks. Thus, total 25 different flocks were used for the isolation and identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and total 41 flocks were checked serologically. Samples taken from tracheas, air sacs, lungs and infra orbital sinuses of the 137 chickens in 25 flocks were inoculated into the selective media in the isolation studies. Adler broth, Mohammed agar ,FM4 agar and FM4 broth were used for the isolation. A total 21 Mycoplasma strains were isolated, out of which 15 were identified as M.gallisepticum and the rest as M.gallinarum.M.gallisepticum strains were obtained from tracheas, air sacs and lungs in ratio with 7.3%,3.0% andø.7%, respectively, whereas no isolations were done from infraorbital sinuses. On the other hand, M.gallinarum strains were isolated only from tracheal samples in 4.4% ratio.it was determined that there were no differences between the media for the isolation of the M.gallisepticum. Growth characteristics and colony morphologies of the isolates were examined, biochemical and Growth Inhibition (61) tests were performed for the identification. It was observed that there are differences between M.galli septicum and M. gallinarum in respect to growth characteristics and appea rance of the colonies. As for the biochemical tests, it was decided that 15 M.gallisepticum isolates were positive for their glukose fermentation and tetrazolium reduction tests while they were negative for arginin hydrolisis and film-s pot forming tests. In addition, it was found that 6 M.gallina rum isolates were negative for glukose fermentation, but po sitive for the other tests. Both M.gallisepticum and M.galli narum strains gave positive reaction in digitonin sensitivity tests. In G1 test,propagation of the isolates were inhibited by their spesific antisera and it was seen that there were no cross reaction between M. galli septicum and M.galli Darlim. A total of 499 blood sera obtained from 41 chicken flocks were used in Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) and Hemagglutination Inhibition (H1) tests in order to determine the antibodies againts M.gallisepticum. It was found that 263 sera were positive for M.gallisepticum infection with HI tests while 242 were positive with RSA. The results of serological tests were evaluated to gether with those of the isolation and identification studi es in 22 flocks.HI tests were done in five flocks in which M. galli septicum was isolated and one flock in which M. galli narum was isolated and in there animals, Hemagglutination In hibiting antibody titers were found to be considerably high.On the contrary, in 11 serologically positive flocks no isolation could be made. Neither agent isolation nor Hemagg lutination Inhibiting antibodies have been found in five flocks.
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Keywords
Chronic Respiratory Disease, Identification, Mycoplasma spp., Isolation, Serology
Citation
Ülgen, M. (1991). Kanatlıların kronik solunum yolu infeksiyonu (Chronic Respiratory Disease - CRD) üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bakteriyolojik ve serolojik araştırmalar. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.