Amerikalı oryantalist ressam, gezgin, yazar, koleksiyoner: Miner Kilbourne Kellogg
Date
2024-07-02
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Miner Kilbourne Kellogg, Amerikalı ressam, gezgin, yazar ve koleksiyonerdir. 1814 yılında doğan Kellogg, 1841’e kadar Amerika’da yaşamış ve resim eğitimi almıştır. 1841’de devletin görevlendirmesiyle İtalya’ya gitmiş; burada iki yıl boyunca usta ressamların eserlerini incelemiştir. 1843-1844 yıllarında ilk Doğu yolculuğu kapsamında Mısır, Kutsal Topraklar ve çevresine gitmiş, birçok eskiz yapmıştır. Sonrasında İtalya’ya dönmüş; 1845 yılında İstanbul’daki Amerikan elçisi Dabney Smith Carr’ın daveti üzerine İstanbul’a gelmiştir. Yaklaşık yedi ay burada kalan Kellogg, İznik, Bursa, Aizanoi, Eskişehir, Bilecik gibi yerleri de dolaşarak resimler yapmıştır. Bu yolculukta, Nemrud, Ninova kazılarıyla tanınacak olan arkeolog Austen Henry Layard'ın Kellogg'la birlikte olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. 1845’te İtalya’ya, 1847’de ise Amerika’ya dönen Kellogg, 1847-1849 yılları arasında, Hiram Powers’ın Yunan Esir heykelinin Amerika’daki sergisini yönetmiştir. Kellogg’un, Türk kıyafetleriyle olan 1848 tarihli fotoğrafı, Amerika’nın en eski oryantalist fotoğraflarından biri olarak kabul edildiği gibi Kellogg da kendisini, İstanbul’a gelen ilk Amerikalı oryantalist olarak görmektedir. 1851-1865 yılları arasında Avrupa’da olan Kellogg’un, bu süreçte de Doğu’ya gittiği düşünülmektedir. Kellogg, Doğu yolculukları sırasında çoğunlukla sulu boya ve kara kalem eskizler yapmıştır. Henüz az sayıda Amerikalı oryantalistin Doğu’ya gittiği bir dönemde, Kellogg’un resimleri önem kazanmakta; bazı resimleri belge değeri taşımaktadır. Avrupa’da iken birçok eser toplayan Kellogg’un koleksiyonunda, usta ressamların resimleri de bulunmaktadır. Yaşamı boyunca çeşitli kitaplar ve yazılar yayınlayan Kellogg, 1889’da Amerika’da vefat etmiştir. Kellogg’a dair az sayıda araştırma olması, bu tezin hazırlanmasının başlıca nedenidir. Burada Kellogg’un, oryantalist ressamlar arasındaki yerini belirlemek, oryantalist resimlerini inceleyerek Doğu yolculuklarının rotasını tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Hayatı ve sanatının yanı sıra gezgin, yazar, koleksiyoner kimliği hakkında bilgiler verilerek bu çok yönlü kişi tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Miner Kilbourne Kellogg is an American painter, traveler, author, and collector. Born in 1814, Kellogg lived in America until 1841 and studied painting. In 1841, he went to Italy on a state assignment. Here, he studied the works of master painters for two years. In 1843–1844, as part of his first trip to the East, he went to Egypt, the Holy Land, and its surrounding areas and made many sketches. Afterwards, he returned to Italy. In 1845, he came to Istanbul upon the invitation of the American ambassador, Dabney Smith Carr. Kellogg stayed here for about seven months, then traveled to places such as Iznik, Bursa, Aizanoi, Eskişehir, and Bilecik, where he painted. Itis understood that the archaeologist Austen Henry Layard, who would become known for the Nimrod and Nineveh excavations, was with Kellogg on this journey. Kellogg returned to Italy in 1845 and to America in 1847, where he directed the exhibition of Hiram Powers's Greek Slave sculpture in America between 1847 and 1849. Kellogg's 1848 photograph of him in Turkish clothes is considered one of the oldest orientalist photographs in America. Kellogg saw himself as the first American orientalist to come to Istanbul. It is believed that Kellogg, who was in Europe between 1851 and 1865, also traveled to the East during this period. Kellogg made mostly watercolor and charcoal sketches during his travels to the East. At a time when only a small number of American orientalists went to the East, Kellogg's paintings gained importance, with some of his works having documentary value. Kellogg, who collected many artworks while in Europe, also included paintings by master painters in his collection. He published various books and articles throughout his life and he died in America in 1889. The fact that there are few studies on Kellogg is the main reason for preparing this thesis. This study aims to determine Kellogg's place among orientalist painters and trace the route of his Eastern journeys by examining his orientalist paintings. An attempt has been made to introduce this versatile person by giving information about his life and art, as well as his identity as a traveler, writer, and collector.
Miner Kilbourne Kellogg is an American painter, traveler, author, and collector. Born in 1814, Kellogg lived in America until 1841 and studied painting. In 1841, he went to Italy on a state assignment. Here, he studied the works of master painters for two years. In 1843–1844, as part of his first trip to the East, he went to Egypt, the Holy Land, and its surrounding areas and made many sketches. Afterwards, he returned to Italy. In 1845, he came to Istanbul upon the invitation of the American ambassador, Dabney Smith Carr. Kellogg stayed here for about seven months, then traveled to places such as Iznik, Bursa, Aizanoi, Eskişehir, and Bilecik, where he painted. Itis understood that the archaeologist Austen Henry Layard, who would become known for the Nimrod and Nineveh excavations, was with Kellogg on this journey. Kellogg returned to Italy in 1845 and to America in 1847, where he directed the exhibition of Hiram Powers's Greek Slave sculpture in America between 1847 and 1849. Kellogg's 1848 photograph of him in Turkish clothes is considered one of the oldest orientalist photographs in America. Kellogg saw himself as the first American orientalist to come to Istanbul. It is believed that Kellogg, who was in Europe between 1851 and 1865, also traveled to the East during this period. Kellogg made mostly watercolor and charcoal sketches during his travels to the East. At a time when only a small number of American orientalists went to the East, Kellogg's paintings gained importance, with some of his works having documentary value. Kellogg, who collected many artworks while in Europe, also included paintings by master painters in his collection. He published various books and articles throughout his life and he died in America in 1889. The fact that there are few studies on Kellogg is the main reason for preparing this thesis. This study aims to determine Kellogg's place among orientalist painters and trace the route of his Eastern journeys by examining his orientalist paintings. An attempt has been made to introduce this versatile person by giving information about his life and art, as well as his identity as a traveler, writer, and collector.
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Keywords
Miner Kilbourne Kellogg, Oryantalizm, Resim, Anadolu, Amerika, Orientalism, Painting, Anatolia, America