Fethinden günümüze Cizre: Siyasi, ilmî ve kültürel tarih
Date
2024-08-08
Authors
Adak, Reşat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Hz. Nuh (a.s.) dönemindeki tufan ehline ev sahipliği yapan ve Kur’an-ı Kerim’de övülen Cizre, Asurlar, Babiller, Hititler, Medler, Persler, Bizanslılar ve Sasaniler gibi birçok kadim imparatorluk ve devletin paylaşamadığı Mezopotamya coğrafyasının (el-Cezire Bölgesi) önemli bir şehridir. Cizre Hz. Ömer (r.a.) hilafeti döneminde İyaz b. Ğanem komutasındaki Müslüman ordular tarafından fethedildi. İslam döneminde Cizre’yi Raşid Halifeler, Emeviler, Selçuklular, Artukoğulları, Zengi Atabeyleri, Moğollar, Eyyübiler, Azizan Beyleri, Akkoyunlular, Karakoyunlular, Safaviler ve Osmanlılar yönettiler. Osmanlı dönemde bey, vezir, mutasarrıf, kâtip, komutan ve elçi olmak üzere 54 idareci Cizre’den yetişmiştir. İslam tarihinde Cizre’de birçok medrese, tekke, han, kale, türbe, cami ve mescit kurulmuştur. Cizre, iki büyük cami ve seksene yakın mescidin inşa edildiği adeta bir mabed ve mescid şehri olarak tanınmıştır. Sahabe şehri olan Cizre’den tefsir, hadis, fıkıh, dilbilimi, tasavvuf, felsefe, tarih, astronomi ve hendese alanlarında 200 kadar alim yetişmiş ve bu alimler tarafından 500’e yakın ilmi eser kaleme alınmıştır. Cizre sayısız evliya yatağı, tasavvuf mensuplarının ve İlahi aşk ile tutuşmuş şairlerin dergahı olmuştur. İslam tarihi boyunca Cizre’den yetişen ilim, bilim ve düşünce insanları önce İslam medeniyetine, sonrada tüm insanlığın gelişimine katkı sunmuşlardır. Cizre medreselerinden İbnü’l Esir kardeşler, dünyaca ünlü kıraat alimi İbnu’l-Cezeri, yine tüm dünyada tanınan ve bugünkü bilgisayarların ilk temelini oluşturan mekanik ve sibernetik âlimi İsmail Ebu’l-İzz El-Cezeri ve tasavvuf irfanını divanında işleyen Şeyh Ahmed el-Cezeri gibi birçok âlim yetişmiştir.
Jazira, which hosted the people of the flood during the time of Prophet Noah (pbuh) and was praised in the Holy Quran, is an important city of the Mesopotamian geography (al-Jazeera Region), which could not be shared by many ancient empires and states such as the Assyrians, Babylonians, Hittites, Medes, Persians, Byzantines and Sassanids. During the caliphate of Hz. Ömer (r.a.), Cizre was conquered by Muslim armies under the command of Iyaz b. Ğanem. During the Islamic period, Cizre was governed by the Rashid Caliphs, Umayyads, Seljuks, Artuqids, Zengid Atabeys, Mongols, Ayyubids, Azizan Beys, Akkoyunlus, Karakoyunlus, Safavids and Ottomans. During the Ottoman period, 54 administrators, including beys, viziers, mutasarrıfs, scribes, commanders and ambassadors, were trained in Jazira. In the history of Islam, many madrasahs, lodges, inns, castles, tombs, mosques and masjids were established in Jazira. Jazira was known as a city of temples and masjids where two large mosques and nearly eighty masjids were built. Approximately 200 scholars were trained in the fields of tafsir, hadith, jurisprudence, linguistics, tasawwuf, philosophy, history, astronomy and geometry in Jazira, which was the city of the companions of the Prophet, and nearly 500 scientific works were written by these scholars. Jazira was the home of countless saints, the lodge of members of tasawwuf and poets who were inflamed with divine love. Throughout the history of Islam, scholars, scientists and thinkers who were trained in Jazira contributed first to the Islamic civilization and then to the development of all humanity. Many scholars were educated in the Jazira madrasahs, such as the İbn al-Esir brothers, the famous Qor’an recitation scholar İbn al-Jazari, the renowned mechanical and cybernetic scholar İsmail Ebu al-İzz al-Jazari, who formed the first foundation of today’s computers, and Sheikh Ahmed al-Jazari, who discussed the wisdom of Tasawwuf in his divan.
Jazira, which hosted the people of the flood during the time of Prophet Noah (pbuh) and was praised in the Holy Quran, is an important city of the Mesopotamian geography (al-Jazeera Region), which could not be shared by many ancient empires and states such as the Assyrians, Babylonians, Hittites, Medes, Persians, Byzantines and Sassanids. During the caliphate of Hz. Ömer (r.a.), Cizre was conquered by Muslim armies under the command of Iyaz b. Ğanem. During the Islamic period, Cizre was governed by the Rashid Caliphs, Umayyads, Seljuks, Artuqids, Zengid Atabeys, Mongols, Ayyubids, Azizan Beys, Akkoyunlus, Karakoyunlus, Safavids and Ottomans. During the Ottoman period, 54 administrators, including beys, viziers, mutasarrıfs, scribes, commanders and ambassadors, were trained in Jazira. In the history of Islam, many madrasahs, lodges, inns, castles, tombs, mosques and masjids were established in Jazira. Jazira was known as a city of temples and masjids where two large mosques and nearly eighty masjids were built. Approximately 200 scholars were trained in the fields of tafsir, hadith, jurisprudence, linguistics, tasawwuf, philosophy, history, astronomy and geometry in Jazira, which was the city of the companions of the Prophet, and nearly 500 scientific works were written by these scholars. Jazira was the home of countless saints, the lodge of members of tasawwuf and poets who were inflamed with divine love. Throughout the history of Islam, scholars, scientists and thinkers who were trained in Jazira contributed first to the Islamic civilization and then to the development of all humanity. Many scholars were educated in the Jazira madrasahs, such as the İbn al-Esir brothers, the famous Qor’an recitation scholar İbn al-Jazari, the renowned mechanical and cybernetic scholar İsmail Ebu al-İzz al-Jazari, who formed the first foundation of today’s computers, and Sheikh Ahmed al-Jazari, who discussed the wisdom of Tasawwuf in his divan.
Description
Keywords
El-Cezire Bölgesi, Cizre, Osmanlılar, İslam tarihi, Medreseler, İslam alimleri, Tasavvuf, Tekke, Al-Jazeera Region, Jazira, Ottomans, Islamic history, Madrasas, Islamic scholars, Tasawwuf, Lodge