Havuç ve patatesin kurutulmasında ultrases ön işlem uygulamasının etkisinin belirlenmesi
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Date
2019-09-04
Authors
Polat, Ahmet
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Yapılan bu tez çalışmasında farklı dilim kalınlarındaki (2 ve 4 mm) havuç ve patates örnekleri farklı sürelerde (0, 20 ve 40 dakika) ultrases ön işlem uygulanarak kurutulmuştur. Kurutma işlemi modifiye edilmiş bir fırında 60 ve 70 °C sıcaklıklarda ve 1 m/s hava hızında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Havuç ve patates örneklerinin kurutma kinetikleri oluşturulmuş ve kurutma işlemlerinde en iyi ince tabaka kurutma modelini seçmek için 10 matematiksel model deneysel verilere uygulanmıştır. Ultrases ön işleminin havuç ve patates örneklerinin kuruma süresi ve hızı, renk, rehidrasyon, pH ve suda çözünür kuru madde (°Briks) değerleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Havuç ve patates örneklerinin tüm kurutma koşullarında artan sıcaklık, azalan dilim kalınlığı ve uygulanan ultrases ön işlem süresinin artmasıyla kuruma sürelerinde azalma meydana gelmiştir. İstatistiksel değerlendirmeler sonucunda, Midilli ve ark. modelinin diğer modellere göre havuç ve patates ürünlerinin tüm kurutma koşullarında kurutma kinetiklerini açıklamak için en uygun model olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Havuç örneklerinde en yüksek rehidrasyon oranı değeri (6,930) 60 C sıcaklıkla kurutulan 40 dakika ultrases ön işleminden geçmiş 2 mm kalınlığındaki örneklerde belirlenirken, patates örneklerinde en yüksek rehidrasyon oranı değeri (2,856) 60 C sıcaklıkla kurutulan 40 dakika ultrases ön işleminden geçmiş 4 mm kalınlığındaki örneklerde belirlenmiştir. Kurutma işlemleri sonucunda havuç ve patates ürünlerinin b* (sarılık) değerlerinde azalma tespit edilmiştir. Havuç ve patates ürünlerinde en düşük pH ve °Briks değerleri taze ürünlerde gözlemlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, ultrases teknolojisi, konvektif kurutma işleminde tarım ürünlerinin kuruma süresini azaltmak ve kalite parametrelerinin korunması için uygun bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
In this thesis, carrot and potato samples of different slice thickness (2 and 4 mm) were dried by subjected ultrasound pretreatment at different times (0, 20 and, 40 minutes). Drying was carried out in a modified oven at temperatures of 60 and 70 °C and air velocity of 1 m/s. Drying kinetics of carrot and potato samples were formed, and ten mathematical models were applied to experimental data to select the best thin-layer drying model in drying processes. The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on drying time and rate, color, rehydration, pH, and water-soluble dry matter (°Brix) values of carrot and potato samples were investigated. Drying times decreased with increasing temperature, decreasing slice thickness and applied ultrasound pretreatment time in all drying conditions of carrot and potato samples. As a result of statistical evaluations, it is determined that Midilli et al. model are the most suitable model to explain drying kinetics of carrot and potato products in all drying conditions. While the highest rehydration ratio value in carrot samples were seen in 2 mm thick samples which are pretreated with 40 minutes ultrasound application and dried at 60 °C (6,930), the highest rehydration ratio value in potato samples were found 4 mm thick samples which were pretreated with 40 minutes ultrasound application and dried at 60 °C (2,856). As a result of drying process, b * (yellowness) values of carrot and potato products decreased. The lowest pH and °Brix values were observed in carrot and potato products in fresh products (p<0.05). As a result, it has been found that ultrasound technology can be used as a suitable method for reducing drying time of agricultural products and preserving quality parameters in convective drying process.
In this thesis, carrot and potato samples of different slice thickness (2 and 4 mm) were dried by subjected ultrasound pretreatment at different times (0, 20 and, 40 minutes). Drying was carried out in a modified oven at temperatures of 60 and 70 °C and air velocity of 1 m/s. Drying kinetics of carrot and potato samples were formed, and ten mathematical models were applied to experimental data to select the best thin-layer drying model in drying processes. The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on drying time and rate, color, rehydration, pH, and water-soluble dry matter (°Brix) values of carrot and potato samples were investigated. Drying times decreased with increasing temperature, decreasing slice thickness and applied ultrasound pretreatment time in all drying conditions of carrot and potato samples. As a result of statistical evaluations, it is determined that Midilli et al. model are the most suitable model to explain drying kinetics of carrot and potato products in all drying conditions. While the highest rehydration ratio value in carrot samples were seen in 2 mm thick samples which are pretreated with 40 minutes ultrasound application and dried at 60 °C (6,930), the highest rehydration ratio value in potato samples were found 4 mm thick samples which were pretreated with 40 minutes ultrasound application and dried at 60 °C (2,856). As a result of drying process, b * (yellowness) values of carrot and potato products decreased. The lowest pH and °Brix values were observed in carrot and potato products in fresh products (p<0.05). As a result, it has been found that ultrasound technology can be used as a suitable method for reducing drying time of agricultural products and preserving quality parameters in convective drying process.
Description
Keywords
Ultrases teknolojisi, Ultrasound technology, Havuç, Patates, Kurutma, Rehidrasyon, Carrot, Potato, Drying, Rehydration
Citation
Polat, A. (2019). Havuç ve patatesin kurutulmasında ultrases ön işlem uygulamasının etkisinin belirlenmesi.. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.